自动化专业英语unit2A1

1、Resistor，Capacitor and InductorResistor, Capacitor and InductorResistor, Capacitor and Inductor If a battery is connected across a conducting material，a certain amount of current will flow through the material. This current is dependent on the voltage of the battery, on the dimensions of the sample,

2、 and on the conductivity of the material itself.1 The opposition to current is called electrical resistance and is represented by the letter symbol R. The unit of resistance is the ohm, a term that is often expressed by using .One ohm is defined as that amount of resistance that will limit the curre

3、nt in a conductor is one ampere when the voltage applied to the conductor ResistorsResistor, Capacitor and Inductor 电阻电阻 假若将电池连接在导电材料上，一定数量的电流将流过此材料，流过材假若将电池连接在导电材料上，一定数量的电流将流过此材料，流过材料的电流取决于电池的电压、材料的截面积和材料自身的电阻率。对电流的料的电流取决于电池的电压、材料的截面积和材料自身的电阻率。对电流的阻力叫电阻，用字母符号阻力叫电阻，用字母符号R表示。电阻的单位是欧姆通常用表示。表示。电阻的单位是欧姆

4、通常用表示。l欧姆的欧姆的定义为：当加到导体上的电压为定义为：当加到导体上的电压为l伏特时，将导体中的电流限制在伏特时，将导体中的电流限制在1安培所需安培所需要的电阻值。要的电阻值。 is one volt. Larger amounts of resistance are commonly expressed in kiloohm (K) and in megohm (M). The resistors are made from carbon mixtures, metal films, or resistance wire and have two connecting wires at

5、tached. Variable resistors, with an adjustable sliding contact arm, are often used to control volume on radios and television sets.Resistor, Capacitor and Inductor较大的电阻值常用千欧较大的电阻值常用千欧(K)和百万欧姆和百万欧姆(M)表示。表示。 电阻可以由碳混合物、金属薄膜或电阻丝制成，它有两个连线接头。常电阻可以由碳混合物、金属薄膜或电阻丝制成，它有两个连线接头。常常用带有滑动臂的可变电阻器来控制收音机和电视机的音量。常用带有滑

6、动臂的可变电阻器来控制收音机和电视机的音量。 Electrical energy can be stored in an electric field. The device capable of doing this is called a capacitor or a condenser. Capacitors consist of two metal plates that are separated by all insulating material.2 If a battery is connected to both plates, an electric charge will

7、 flow for a short time and accumulate on each plate. If the battery is disconnected，the capacitor retains the charge and the voltage associated with it.3Resistor, Capacitor and InductorCapacitors 电容器电容器 电能可以储存在电场中，能够储存电能的装置叫电容器。电容器是由被绝电能可以储存在电场中，能够储存电能的装置叫电容器。电容器是由被绝缘材料分开的两个金属板组成。如果电池被连接在两个金属板上，电荷将经

8、缘材料分开的两个金属板组成。如果电池被连接在两个金属板上，电荷将经过很短的流动而汇集在一个电极板上。假若断开电池，电容器将保持电荷以过很短的流动而汇集在一个电极板上。假若断开电池，电容器将保持电荷以及与电荷相关的电压。及与电荷相关的电压。 The ability of a capacitor to store electrical energy is termed capacitance. The capacitance is directly proportional to the dielectric constant of the material and to the area of

9、the plates and inversely to the distance of the plates.4 It is measured in farads .When a changer of one volt per second across it causes the current of one ampere to flow, the condenser is said to have the capacitance of one farad. However, farad is too large a unit to be used in radio calculation,

10、 so microfarad(10-6farads) and the picofarad (10-12farads) are generally used.Resistor, Capacitor and Inductor 电容器储存电能的能力叫电容。电容器的电容量与介质的介电常数及电容器储存电能的能力叫电容。电容器的电容量与介质的介电常数及平板的面积成正比，与平板间的距离成反比，其大小用法拉表示。当电容器平板的面积成正比，与平板间的距离成反比，其大小用法拉表示。当电容器两端的电压以每秒两端的电压以每秒1伏的速率变化，产生的电流为伏的速率变化，产生的电流为1安培，就称电容器的电容安培，就称电容器

11、的电容量为量为1法拉。在无线电方面的计算中，法拉的单位太大，因此常用微法法拉。在无线电方面的计算中，法拉的单位太大，因此常用微法(法拉法拉)和皮法和皮法(法拉法拉)。 lnductors consist of a conducting wire wound into the form of a coil. When a current passes through the coil, a magnetic field is set up around it that tends to oppose rapid changes in current intensity.5 All coils h

12、ave inductance A coil of many turns will have more inductance than one of few turns. Also if a coil is placed on an iron core its inductance will be greater than it was without the magnetic core. The unit of induct- Resistor, Capacitor and InductorInductor 电感电感 电感是由绕成线圈形状的导线组成。当电流通过线圈时，在线圈周围电感是由绕成线圈

13、形状的导线组成。当电流通过线圈时，在线圈周围将产生磁场，它将阻止电流的快速变化。一切线圈，都有电感。将产生磁场，它将阻止电流的快速变化。一切线圈，都有电感。 匝数多的线圈比匝数少的线圈电感更大。而且，假若线圈中放一个铁匝数多的线圈比匝数少的线圈电感更大。而且，假若线圈中放一个铁芯它的电感将比没有铁芯的线圈的电感更大。芯它的电感将比没有铁芯的线圈的电感更大。 ance is henry. A coil has an inductance of one henry if an induced emf of one volt is induced in the coil when the curre

14、nt through it changes at the rate of one ampere par second.6 Values of inductance used in radio equipment vary over a wide range.Resistor, Capacitor and Inductor电感的单位是亨利。当流过线圈的电流以每秒电感的单位是亨利。当流过线圈的电流以每秒1安培的速度变化时，如安培的速度变化时，如果线圈中感应出果线圈中感应出1伏特感应电动势，那么，线圈的电感就是伏特感应电动势，那么，线圈的电感就是1亨利。用于亨利。用于无线电设备的电感值的变化范围很大

15、。无线电设备的电感值的变化范围很大。 Resistor, Capacitor and InductorNew Words and Phrases capacitor kpsit n. 电容器 capacitance kpsitns n. 电容；电流容量 inductor indkt n. 授职者；感应器 inductance indktns n. 感应系数；自感应；电感 dimension dimenn, dai- n. 维；尺寸；vt. 标出尺寸adj. 规格的 conductivity ,kndktiviti n. 传导性；导电性；传导率 opposition ,pzin n. 反对；敌对

16、；相反；反对派 carbon ka:bn n. 碳；碳棒；复写纸 adj. 碳的；碳处理的 film film n. 胶卷；薄膜；轻烟；膜层vi. 生薄膜； volume vlju:m n. 体积；卷；册；音量；大量；adj. 大量的wire wai n. 金属丝；电线；电报 vt. 拍电报；给装电线condenser kndens n.冷凝器；压缩器；聚合器；电容器proportional prup:nl adj. 成比例的；相称的，n. 比例项insulate insjuleit vt. 隔离，使孤立；物使绝缘，使隔热insulating adj. 绝缘的；隔热的（insulate的ing

17、形式）accumulate kju:mjuleit vi. 累积；积聚 vt. 积攒disconnect ,disknekt vt. 拆开，使分离 vi. 断开retain ritein vt. 保持；雇；记住dielectric ,daiilektrik adj. 非传导性的；诱电性的 n. 电介质；绝缘体inversely inv:sli adv. 倒转地；相反地；反比例地Resistor, Capacitor and Inductorfarad frd n. 法拉（电容单位）microfarad ,maikrufrd n. 微法拉（电容量的实用单位）picofarad paiku,frd

18、 n. 微微法拉（百亿分之一法拉）coil kil vt. 盘绕，把卷成圈 vi. 成圈状 n. 卷；线圈intensity intensti n. 强烈；强度；亮度；紧张；集中程度 core k: n. 核心；果心；要点；磁心 (iron core 铁芯)induced indju:st adj. 感应的；引诱的（induce的过去分词）henry henri n.亨(利) 电感单位，略作 H pl. henrys, henriesResistor, Capacitor and Inductorvariable resistor 可变电阻器sliding contact 滑动触点electr

19、ic charge 电荷dielectric constant 介电常数，电容率magnetic field 磁场emf abbr. n. 电动势 (Electromotive Force) Resistor, Capacitor and InductorTechnical Terms 1. capacitance kpsitns n. 电容；电流容量；机械容量 1) related phrases： input capacitance 输入电容 equivalent capacitance 等效电容 capacitance coupling 电容耦合 capacitance relay 电容

20、式继电器 shant capacitance 分流电容；并联电容 anode capacitance 阳极电容 how they are applied in electronic industry. Resistor, Capacitor and InductorWord Study2）Features: High voltage, small collector output capacitance. 特点:耐压高,集电极输出电容小。3）Are there any precautions when adjusting the capacitance value? 调整电容值时有哪些注意事项

21、?4）The formula of capacitance and voltage dependence of power has been educed. 推导出了功率随电容和电压变化的计算公式。Resistor, Capacitor and Inductor2dimension n. 维；尺寸；容积 vt. 标出尺寸adj. 规格的v related phrases： angular dimension 角度标注 ；角度大小 linear dimension 线性尺寸 vertical dimension 垂直尺度 fit dimension 配合尺寸 under dimension 尺寸

22、过小 dimension scale 标注比例Resistor, Capacitor and Inductor2）Length is one dimension, and width is another. 长是一种度量，宽又是一种度量。3) The problem of the vehicle velocity detection is resolved by one dimension video tracing. 通过一维视频跟踪的方式，解决了车辆速度检测的难题。4) The financial dimension to market high-quality products, qua

23、lity service to win customers. 维融以优质的产品占领市场，以优质的服务赢得了客户。Resistor, Capacitor and Inductor3. volume n. 体积；卷；音量；大量；adj. 大量的 vt. 把收集成卷1) related phrases： volume label 卷标号 bound volume 合订本 volume control 播放控制台 volume fraction 体积分率；容积比 critical volume 临界容积 stroke volume 冲程容积；心搏量Resistor, Capacitor and Ind

24、uctor2）The progress schedule compiled on the basis of volume production. 根据批量产品生产预定时间表编制的进度计划；3）Large volume of data were gathered. 人们收集了大量的资料。4）We buy in volume and contract early to get the best prices. 大宗采购和尽早签订合同以获得最低货源价格。Resistor, Capacitor and Inductor4accumulate kju:mjuleit vi. 累积；积聚 vt. 积攒1)

25、 related phrases： accumulate experience 获取经验 accumulate points 积分 accumulate pick 多重选择 accumulate funds 积累资金 accumulate dose 总剂量，累计剂量 Resistor, Capacitor and Inductor2) When we accumulate more and more such differences between Chinese and English consciously, we will think in English when we speak E

26、nglish. 当我们有意识地积累了越来越多的类似的英汉差异之时，我们就开始用英语思维来表达事物了。3）Overall, therefore, the country did not accumulate substantial foreign currency reserves. 因此，总体来看，中国没有积累很大的外汇储备。4）Accumulate and summarize all kinds of index completed. Do the basic and preparation job of financial budget. 积累总结各项指标完成情况的资料，做好财务预算的基础

27、准备工作。Resistor, Capacitor and Inductor5intensity intensti n. 强烈；强度；亮度；紧张；集中程度1) related phrases： field intensity 磁场强度 earthquake intensity 地震强度 radiant intensity 发光度, 辐射率, 辐射强度 loading intensity 荷载强度 intensity of market position 市场地位的集中程度Resistor, Capacitor and Inductor2) Compact, high magnetic induc

28、tion intensity and long coil service life. 结构紧凑，磁感应强度高，线圈使用寿命长。3) This reduces the labor intensity, reduce pollution, conserve water resources. 这就降低了劳动强度、减少污染、节约水资源。4) Compact, high magnetic induction intensity and long coil service life. 结构紧凑，磁感应强度高，线圈使用寿命长。Resistor, Capacitor and Inductor6.induced

29、 indju:st adj. 感应的；v. 引诱；说服（induce的过去分词) 1) related phrases： induced circuit 感应电路； induced current 感生/应电流； induced radiation 感应(生)放射性； induced failure 诱发故障； induced operation 诱导运算Resistor, Capacitor and Inductor2）Nausea and dizziness induced by motion, as in travel by aircraft, car, or ship. 晕船（车）：由

30、运动引起的恶心和眩晕，如乘飞机、小汽车或轮船。3）The road traffic accidents induced by fatigue driving will lead to severe personal casualty and property loss. 疲劳驾驶引发的道路交通事故导致了严重的人身伤亡和财产损失。Resistor, Capacitor and Inductor8iron core：铁芯 magnetic core：磁芯 core k: n. 果心,核心,要点 vt. 挖去(水果的)果心 1) related phrases： cable core 电缆芯线；电缆

31、心 core diameter 芯样直径；根径 core pin 心型梢；中心销 core competence/competenc 核心能力 ；关键才能Resistor, Capacitor and Inductor2）The earth have a core and a mantle around it. 地球的中心是地核，地核的周围是地幔。3）Team spirit is the core of enterprise culture. 团队精神，是企业文化的核心。4）The monopoly pricing power is the core meaning. 垄断最核心的意义就是定价

32、权。5）At the core of competitiveness, like how to attract new competitiveness. 在核心竞争力不足的时候，就想怎么吸引新的竞争力。Resistor, Capacitor and Inductor1. This current is dependent on the voltage of the battery, on the dimensions of the sample，and on the conductivity of the material itself. 流过材料的电流取决于电池的电压、材料的截面积和材料自身

33、的电阻率。 句中be dependent (on)：“由决定，取决于”， 又如： 1) Seating load and tightness is dependent on back pressure. 阀座密封负载和紧密性与反压力相关。Resistor, Capacitor and InductorLanguage points v Tourism is a resource and the environment is heavily dependent on the industry. 旅游业是一个对资源和环境严重依赖的行业。3) May you find enough inner st

34、rength to determine your own worth by yourself, and not be dependent on anothers judgments of your accomplishments. 愿你能充分发掘自身潜能，以决定你的价值所在，不要让别人的评判埋了 你的成绩。Resistor, Capacitor and Inductor2. be defined as：“被定义为”，后接宾语，或“that”引导的宾语从句。 如： 1）One ohm is defined as that amount of resistance that will limit

35、the current in a conductor is one ampere when the voltage applied to the conductor is one volt. l欧姆的定义为：当加到导体上的电压为l伏特时，将导体中的电流限 制在1安培所需要的电阻值。句中第一个that作定语，第二个that引导 定语从句，该从句本身包含了一个when引导的时时间状语从句。Resistor, Capacitor and Inductor2）A molecule may be defined as the smallest particle of matter that can ex

36、ist without changing its nature. 分子可以被定义为物质在不改变其性质的情况下而能存在的物质的最小粒 子。3) Motion may be defined as a continuous change of a body in position with respect to some other body or bodies at rest. 运动可定义为一个物体相对于另一个或几个静止物体在位置上的连续变化。Resistor, Capacitor and Inductor3. Capacitors consist of two metal plates that

37、 are separated by all insulating material. 电容器是由被绝缘材料分开的两个金属板组成。句中that引导定语从句，修饰two metal plates，consist of表示“由组成”，又如： 1）Audit risks consist of intrinsic risk, control risk and examination risk. 审计风险由固有风险、控制风险和检查风险构成。 2）Modern wind farms consist of turbines that generate electricity. 现代风力农场由发电的涡轮机组成。

38、Resistor, Capacitor and Inductor4. If the battery is disconnected，the capacitor retains the charge and the voltage associated with it. 如果断开电池，电容器将保持电荷以及与电荷相关的电压。句中retain表 示“保持；雇；记住”的意思。又如： 1）Help your skin retain moisture. 帮助皮肤保持水分。 2）Retain your original receipt as proof of purchase. 请保留您的原始发票作为购买证

39、明。 3）Money has two functions, one is to retain the value of wealth, the other is an exchange value of the wealth. 金钱有两个职能，一个是保留财富价值，一个是交换财富价值。Resistor, Capacitor and Inductor5. The capacitance is directly proportional to the dielectric constant of the material and to the area of the plates and inver

40、sely to the distance of the plates. 电容器的电容量与介质的介电常数及平板的面积成正比,与平板间的距离成 反比。 a）be directly proportional to：“与成正比” b）be inversely proportional to：“与成反比” 又如： 1) The resistance of a thin film/coating is directly proportional to the resistivity, and inversely proportional to the thickness. 薄膜镀膜的电阻与该镀镆的电阻系数

41、成正比,与厚度成反比. Resistor, Capacitor and Inductor2) The magnitude of the force is found to be inversely proportional to the distance between the conductors. 人们发现力的大小与施力者之间的距离成反比。 6. When a current passes through the coil，a magnetic field is set up around it that tends to oppose rapid changes in current i

42、ntensity 当电流通过线圈时，在线圈周围将产生磁场，它将对抗电流的快速变化。 句中that引导定语从旬，修饰a magnetic field，it指代the coil。oppose vt. vi. 表示“ 反对；对抗，抗争”， Resistor, Capacitor and Inductor又如：1）Small banks and some state officials strongly oppose the plan. 小银行以及某些州的官员强烈反对该方案。2）We oppose all forms of hegemonism and power politics. 反对各种形式的霸

43、权主义和强权政治。Resistor, Capacitor and Inductor7. Also if a coil is placed on an iron core its inductance will be greater than it was without the magnetic core. 而且，如果线圈中放一个铁芯，它的电感将比没有铁芯的线圈的电感大。句中than引导一个比较状语从句。inductance indktns n. “感应系数；自感应；电感”， 又如： 1）DC voltage is determined by AC voltage, inductance on

44、 the AC side, and load. 直流侧直流电压是由交流电压、电感及负载决定的。 Resistor, Capacitor and Inductor2）The effects of inductance and capacitance make it necessary to carefully design all AC transmission systems. 电感和电容的影响，使人们必须精心地设计所有的交流输电系统。v A coil has an inductance of one henry if an induced emf of one volt is induced

45、 in the coil when the current through it changes at the rate of one ampere per second. 当流过线圈的电流以每秒1安培的速度变化时，如果线圈中感应出1伏特感应电动势，那么，线圈的电感就是1亨利。 at the rate of “以的速度/速率/比率/变化率/频率” Resistor, Capacitor and Inductor又如：1）Income from property transactions shall be filed and taxed at the rate of 35%. 财产交易所得按35

46、%扣缴率申报纳税。2）Profits from occasional trade shall be filed and taxed at the rate of 30%. 一时贸易的盈余按30%扣缴率申报纳税。Resistor, Capacitor and InductorI. Answer the following questions according to the text. vWhat is called a resistor? What is the unit of resistance? vWhat is the usage of variable resistors?Resis

47、tor, Capacitor and InductorExercisesopposition to current is called electrical resistance.The resistors are made from carbon mixtures, metal films, orresistance wire and have two connecting wires attached. The are often used to control volume on radios and television sets.Variable resistors, with an

48、 adjustable sliding contact arm,3. What is called a condenser? Which elements do condensers consist of?4. How to define one farad of the capacitance?Resistor, Capacitor and Inductor Capacitors consist of two metal plates that are separated by allThe device capable of doing this is called a capacitor

49、 or a condenser.insulating material.have the capacitance of one farad.When a changer of one volt per second across it causesthe current of one ampere to flow, the condenser is said to5. What are inductors made up of? How to define one henry of an inductance? Resistor, Capacitor and Inductorrate of o

50、ne ampere par second.Inductors consist of a conducting wire wound into the form of a coil.A coil has an inductance of one henry if an induced emf of one voltis induced in the coil when the current through it changes at the IIFill in the missing words according to the text 1. This current depends on

51、the voltage of the battery, on the _ of the sample，and on the _ of the material itself. 2. A _ is a device designed to have capacitance. 3. Ohm is used as a unit of _. Resistor, Capacitor and Inductordimensionsconductivitycapacitorresistance 4. The larger is the emf, the more _ the capacitor stores

52、5. When a changer of one volt per second across it causes the current of one ampere to flow, the _ is said to have the capacitance of one _ . 6. The _ are made from carbon mixtures，metal films，or resistance wire and have two _ wires attached.Resistor, Capacitor and Inductorcapacitancecondenserfaradr

53、esistorsconnectingIIITranslate the following sentences into English 1. 可变电阻器常用来控制收音机和电视机的音量。 2. 电容器存储电能的能力叫电容。 Resistor, Capacitor and InductorVariable resistors are often used to control volume on radiosand television sets.The ability of a capacitor to store electrical energy is termedcapacitance.

54、3. 任何电感都是由线圈组成，线圈的匝数越多，电感越大。4. 电容器的电容量与介质的介电常数及平板的面积成正比,与平板间的距离成反 比。 Resistor, Capacitor and Inductorthe material and to the area of the plates and inversely to thelnductors consist of a conducting wire wound into the form of a coil.A coil of many turns will have more inductance than one of few turn

55、s.The capacitance is directly proportional to the dielectric constant ofdistance of the plates. 词义的确定 英汉两种语言都有一词多类、一词多义的现象。一词多类是指一个词往往属于多个词类，具有几种不同的意义。如 display一词，既可做名词“显示（器）”，又可以作形容词“展览的、陈列用的”，还可做动词“显示、表现”等意思。一词多义是说同一个词类中，往往有几个不同的词义。如power 一词，做名词时，其汉语意思为“电力、功率、次方”等。在英汉翻译过程中，我们在弄清句子结构后就要善于选择和确定句子中关键

56、词的意义。选择和确定词义通常从以下几个方面入手：Resistor, Capacitor and InductorTranslating Skills一、根据词类确定词义一、根据词类确定词义 选择某个词的词义时，首先要确定这个词在句中应属于哪一种词类，然后再进一步确定其词义。下面以display为例： Here, you have the option of defining your own display variants. 这里，你有权定义你自己的显示变式。 (display为名词) Often, it is best to display materials on an informat

57、ion table. 通常，最好是把资料放在提供各类资讯的桌子上展示。(display为动词) Resistor, Capacitor and Inductor The reverse side of a control panel, display panel, or the like; the side with the interconnecting wiring. (display为形容词) 控制面板、显示面板或类似的面板的反面，即带有互连接线的那一面。 二、同一词类表达不同词义二、同一词类表达不同词义 英语中同一个词，同一类词，在不同的场合，往往具有不同的 含义 。此时,必须根据上下

58、文的联系及整个句子的意思加以判断和 翻。例如as 这一连词： The volume varies as the temperature increases. 体积随着温度增加而变化。 (as引导时间状语从句) As heat makes things move, it is a form of energy. 因为热能使物体运动，所以热是能的一种形式。 (as引导原因状语从句)Resistor, Capacitor and Inductor三、根据单词搭配情况确定词义三、根据单词搭配情况确定词义 英译汉时，不仅必须根据上下文的联系理解词义，还需要根据词的搭配情况来理解词义。尤其在科技文献中，由

59、于学科及专业不同，同一 个词在不同的专业中具有不同的意义。比如： The fifth power of two is thirty-two. 二的五次方方是三十二。 (数学) With the development of electrical engineering, power can be transmitted over long distances. 随着电气工程的发展, 电力电力能输送得非常远。（电学） Friction can cause a loss of power in every machine. 摩擦能引起每一台机器功率功率的损耗。（物理学）Resistor, Capa

60、citor and Inductor四、根据名词的单复数选择词义四、根据名词的单复数选择词义英语中有些名词的单数或复数表达的词义完全不同。例如：名词 单数词义 复数词义facility 简易，灵巧 设施，工具charge 负荷，电荷 费用spirit 精神 酒精Although they lost, the team played with tremendous spirit. 那队输是输了，但却表现了极其顽强的精神精神。Whisky, brandy, gin and rum are all spirits.威士忌、白兰地、杜松子酒和朗姆酒都是烈酒烈酒。 Resistor, Capacitor