阅读简答专题2 说明文

1、专题二说明文专题二说明文专题专题 二二 说明文说明文考题导读专题专题 二二 考题导读考题导读 说明文也是阅读简答题常见的体裁之一。把握说明文的说明文也是阅读简答题常见的体裁之一。把握说明文的语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明文的常见写作语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明文的常见写作顺序有：时间顺序顺序有：时间顺序( (指先后顺序指先后顺序) )，空间顺序，空间顺序( (从局部到整从局部到整体，从上到下，从内到外体，从上到下，从内到外) )，逻辑顺序，逻辑顺序( (前因后果，先果后前因后果，先果后因，先主后次因，先主后次) )，认识顺序，认识顺序( (由此及彼，由浅入深，由具体由此及彼，

2、由浅入深，由具体到抽象，由现象到本质到抽象，由现象到本质) )。文章通常层次清晰，整体性强，。文章通常层次清晰，整体性强，易读易懂。易读易懂。真题再现专题专题 二二 真题再现真题再现 20082008湖南湖南 Every January, Breckenridge hosts the Every January, Breckenridge hosts the International Snow Sculpture Championships. Fourteen International Snow Sculpture Championships. Fourteen teams travel

3、from all over the world to Switzerland teams travel from all over the world to Switzerland to compete. Teams sculpt for sixtyfive hours over to compete. Teams sculpt for sixtyfive hours over five days. Each team hopes that when the time is up, five days. Each team hopes that when the time is up, its

4、 sculpture will be judged the best. its sculpture will be judged the best. 专题专题 二二 真题再现真题再现 As the championship begins, the fourteen As the championship begins, the fourteen teams are faced with huge blocks of snow that teams are faced with huge blocks of snow that weigh twenty tons each. The sculpt

5、ors bring out weigh twenty tons each. The sculptors bring out their favorite tools that work best on the hard their favorite tools that work best on the hard iced snow, but they are not allowed to employ iced snow, but they are not allowed to employ tools that use electricity. tools that use electri

6、city. 专题专题 二二 真题再现真题再现 Most teams are inspired by what they have Most teams are inspired by what they have seen in daily life. For example, one team carved seen in daily life. For example, one team carved a teapot with tea pouring out. Another team a teapot with tea pouring out. Another team sculpte

7、d a little cat on its hind feet(sculpted a little cat on its hind feet(后后脚脚)reaching into a fish bowl complete with water )reaching into a fish bowl complete with water ripples(ripples(涟漪涟漪)and a crab()and a crab(螃蟹螃蟹)trying to attack the )trying to attack the cat. In 2006, Team USA sculpted a golde

8、n dog cat. In 2006, Team USA sculpted a golden dog looking at its image reflected in a mirror. To looking at its image reflected in a mirror. To create the effect that the little dog saw its create the effect that the little dog saw its reflection in the glass, the artists carved two reflection in t

9、he glass, the artists carved two dogs facing each other with their paws(dogs facing each other with their paws(脚脚爪爪)touching. )touching. 专题专题 二二 真题再现真题再现 As the final hours of the competition tick by, As the final hours of the competition tick by, exhausted team members add lastminute detail. exhaus

10、ted team members add lastminute detail. They use small brooms to brush off snow caught in They use small brooms to brush off snow caught in tiny holes. One team member counts down the last tiny holes. One team member counts down the last five minutes while others are busy cleaning up five minutes wh

11、ile others are busy cleaning up the tools. If they leave any tools behind, they the tools. If they leave any tools behind, they will be out. When the whistle bows, everyone must will be out. When the whistle bows, everyone must step away from the sculpture. The judges then step away from the sculptu

12、re. The judges then vote on creativity, technical skills, and visual vote on creativity, technical skills, and visual impact (impact (视觉效果视觉效果)of the designs.)of the designs.专题专题 二二 真题再现真题再现 In 2006, Team USA took first place for their In 2006, Team USA took first place for their golden dog sculptur

13、e titled “Discovery”. But golden dog sculpture titled “Discovery”. But the competition is not just about medals and the competition is not just about medals and ribbons. “Its not about the prizeribbons. “Its not about the prize，” ” said said Rob Neyland, Team USAs captain. “Its about Rob Neyland, Te

14、am USAs captain. “Its about touching the audience.”touching the audience.” Every year, as the championship ends, each Every year, as the championship ends, each team is already dreaming of the next masterpiece team is already dreaming of the next masterpiece it will design. it will design. 专题专题 二二 真

15、题再现真题再现 1 1What kind of tools are the sculptors Not What kind of tools are the sculptors Not permitted to use? (no more than 6 words)permitted to use? (no more than 6 words)_ 2 2What gives the sculptors ideas for their What gives the sculptors ideas for their creative work? (no more than 9 words)cre

16、ative work? (no more than 9 words)_ 3 3Why did Team USA win the competition in Why did Team USA win the competition in 2006? (no more than 15 words)2006? (no more than 15 words)_专题专题 二二 真题再现真题再现 【文章大意】【文章大意】 本篇为介绍国际冰雕锦标赛的说明文。本篇为介绍国际冰雕锦标赛的说明文。主要介绍参赛队伍创作冰雕作品的方法与过程、冰雕作主要介绍参赛队伍创作冰雕作品的方法与过程、冰雕作品的评奖细则以及参赛

17、队伍对锦标赛的体会等。品的评奖细则以及参赛队伍对锦标赛的体会等。 1 1The tools that use electricity.The tools that use electricity. 抓住问题抓住问题关键词关键词“tools, not permitted to use ”tools, not permitted to use ”不难在第二不难在第二段找到信息句段找到信息句“The sculptors bring out their The sculptors bring out their favorite tools that work best on hard iced sn

18、ow, favorite tools that work best on hard iced snow, but they are not allowed to employ tools that use but they are not allowed to employ tools that use electricity.”electricity.”由此可判断作答。由此可判断作答。专题专题 二二 真题再现真题再现 2 2The things they have seen in daily life.The things they have seen in daily life. 抓住问题

19、关键词抓住问题关键词“ideas for their creative work”ideas for their creative work”可可在第三段找到信息句在第三段找到信息句“Most teams are inspired by Most teams are inspired by what they have seen in daily life.”what they have seen in daily life.”由此可判断作由此可判断作答。答。 3 3Because its sculpture was judged the best Because its sculpture

20、was judged the best for creativity, technical skills and visual for creativity, technical skills and visual impact.impact.根据第四段提到的评奖细则根据第四段提到的评奖细则“The judges The judges then vote on creativity, technical skills, and then vote on creativity, technical skills, and visual impact of the designs.”visual

21、impact of the designs.”可推断作答。可推断作答。专题预测专题专题 二二 专题预测专题预测 ( (一一) ) For more than 40 years, robots have worked in For more than 40 years, robots have worked in factories, doing jobs too boring or too dangerous factories, doing jobs too boring or too dangerous for humans. Now, new robots are starting to

22、 help for humans. Now, new robots are starting to help humans at home and at work.humans at home and at work.专题专题 二二 专题预测专题预测 It was an exciting night at the Detroit It was an exciting night at the Detroit Symphony(Symphony(交响乐交响乐). A special guest was joining the ). A special guest was joining the

23、band. The conductor stepped out onto the stage band. The conductor stepped out onto the stage and lifted both arms to direct the musicians. and lifted both arms to direct the musicians. They played a song called “The Impossible They played a song called “The Impossible Dream”. The audience was amaze

24、d. After all, Dream”. The audience was amazed. After all, ASIMO, the conductor, is only eight years old and ASIMO, the conductor, is only eight years old and four feet tall. Its just one of many robots four feet tall. Its just one of many robots being developed to perform tasks that humans being dev

25、eloped to perform tasks that humans usually perform.usually perform.专题专题 二二 专题预测专题预测 Japan has more robots than any other country. Japan has more robots than any other country. Four out of every 10 worker robots are there. The Four out of every 10 worker robots are there. The Japanese government is

26、spending millions of dollars Japanese government is spending millions of dollars building even more robots. Why the rush for more building even more robots. Why the rush for more electronic helpers? More than onefifth of Japans electronic helpers? More than onefifth of Japans population is 65 or old

27、er, so there are not enough population is 65 or older, so there are not enough young people in the workforce.young people in the workforce.专题专题 二二 专题预测专题预测 Many of Japans robots are designed to Many of Japans robots are designed to interact with people. One Japanese hospital has interact with people

28、. One Japanese hospital has three shiny robots that help out in the waiting three shiny robots that help out in the waiting room. They greet patients and give directions. room. They greet patients and give directions. “Robots wont ever be doctors“Robots wont ever be doctors，” ” says hospital says ho

29、spital spokesperson Naoya Narita. “But they can be spokesperson Naoya Narita. “But they can be guides.”guides.” 专题专题 二二 专题预测专题预测 Since the 1960s, robots have been doing Since the 1960s, robots have been doing jobs that are too boring or too dangerous for jobs that are too boring or too dangerous for

30、 humans. Some stand for long hours in factories, humans. Some stand for long hours in factories, packaging food or putting together cars. Others packaging food or putting together cars. Others milk cows on dairy farms all day long. However, milk cows on dairy farms all day long. However, these indus

31、trial robots dont look like humans.these industrial robots dont look like humans.专题专题 二二 专题预测专题预测 Now that robots are moving into our homes, Now that robots are moving into our homes, many are starting to look more like us. Trevor many are starting to look more like us. Trevor Blackwells company, An

32、ybots, makes robots. He Blackwells company, Anybots, makes robots. He built a dishwashing robot called Monty. It is built a dishwashing robot called Monty. It is as tall as a person and has humanlike hands.as tall as a person and has humanlike hands. Will the robots of the future look more like Will

33、 the robots of the future look more like machines or people? Either way, Blackwell is machines or people? Either way, Blackwell is happy to let them do the chores. “Id rather happy to let them do the chores. “Id rather have a robot do disheshave a robot do dishes，” ” he says. Wouldnt he says. Wouldn

34、t you?you?专题专题 二二 专题预测专题预测 1 1Why did the audience feel shocked at the Why did the audience feel shocked at the Detroit Symphony? (no more than 6 words)Detroit Symphony? (no more than 6 words)_ 2 2What is the reason why the Japanese are What is the reason why the Japanese are building so many robots

35、? (no more than 9 words)building so many robots? (no more than 9 words)_ 3 3How can the robot Monty help peopleHow can the robot Monty help people？(no (no more than 7 words)more than 7 words)_ 4 4What is the passage mainly aboutWhat is the passage mainly about？(no more (no more than 9 words)than 9 w

36、ords)_专题专题 二二 专题预测专题预测 1 1Because the conductor is a robot.Because the conductor is a robot. 根据第二段根据第二段“The audience was amazed. After all, The audience was amazed. After all, ASIMO, the conductor, is only eight years old ASIMO, the conductor, is only eight years old and four feet tall. Its just one

37、 of many and four feet tall. Its just one of many robots being developed to perform tasks that robots being developed to perform tasks that humans usually perform.”humans usually perform.”可判断作答。可判断作答。 2 2Lack of enough young people in their Lack of enough young people in their workforce.workforce. 根

38、据第三段根据第三段“More than onefifth More than onefifth of Japans population is 65 or older, so of Japans population is 65 or older, so there are not enough young people in the there are not enough young people in the workforce.”workforce.”可判断作答。可判断作答。专题专题 二二 专题预测专题预测 3 3It can wash dishes for people.It can

39、 wash dishes for people. 根据第六根据第六段段“He built a dishwashing robot called Monty.”He built a dishwashing robot called Monty.”可判断作答。可判断作答。 4 4Robots helping humans at home and at work.Robots helping humans at home and at work.综合全文再根据全文主题句综合全文再根据全文主题句“Now, new robots are Now, new robots are starting to h

40、elp humans at home and at work”starting to help humans at home and at work”可归可归纳作答。纳作答。专题专题 二二 专题预测专题预测 ( (二二) ) Small, mountainous and wealthy, with a Small, mountainous and wealthy, with a population of just 7.5 million, Switzerland is population of just 7.5 million, Switzerland is wellknown for i

41、ts admirable quality of life in wellknown for its admirable quality of life in a country that ticks along like clockwork. Its a country that ticks along like clockwork. Its products are sought after the world war over, products are sought after the world war over, from its delicious cheese and choco

42、late to from its delicious cheese and chocolate to luxurious watches whose timekeeping is as sharp luxurious watches whose timekeeping is as sharp as a Swiss Army Knife, another popular export as a Swiss Army Knife, another popular export from this sophisticated Alpine(from this sophisticated Alpine

43、(高山的，阿尔卑斯高山的，阿尔卑斯山的山的)nation. )nation. 专题专题 二二 专题预测专题预测 Switzerlands famed political neutrality( Switzerlands famed political neutrality(中中立立), financial power and isolated location, ), financial power and isolated location, ringfenced by breathtaking mountains, have ringfenced by breathtaking mount

44、ains, have enabled it to play a safe but central role in enabled it to play a safe but central role in European affairs. The conveniently central European affairs. The conveniently central location in the middle of Europe has also made location in the middle of Europe has also made Switzerland a fav

45、ourite meeting place for Switzerland a favourite meeting place for conventions and international conferencesconventions and international conferencesGeneva, for instance, is the headquarter of the Geneva, for instance, is the headquarter of the United Nations.United Nations.专题专题 二二 专题预测专题预测 Switzerl

46、and is not only a place for Switzerland is not only a place for professionals, though. As a stylish tourist professionals, though. As a stylish tourist destination it offers such top ski resorts as destination it offers such top ski resorts as Zermatt, Verbier and celebritystudded(Zermatt, Verbier a

47、nd celebritystudded(名人云集名人云集的的)St Moritz, while the white peaks of mountains )St Moritz, while the white peaks of mountains set against blue skies make a wonderful backdrop set against blue skies make a wonderful backdrop for summertime hiking. The ancient capital of Berne for summertime hiking. The

48、 ancient capital of Berne provides superb opportunities for sightseeing, provides superb opportunities for sightseeing, shopping and traditional folk entertainment while shopping and traditional folk entertainment while the largest city, Zurich leads the way in arts, the largest city, Zurich leads t

49、he way in arts, design and nightlife, from opera and worldclass design and nightlife, from opera and worldclass theatre to stylish bars and nightclubs.theatre to stylish bars and nightclubs.专题专题 二二 专题预测专题预测 Switzerlands unique political model is based Switzerlands unique political model is based on

50、consensusbuilding, and, considering that the on consensusbuilding, and, considering that the country consists of several culturally different country consists of several culturally different groups speaking different languages (Swiss German, groups speaking different languages (Swiss German, French,

51、 Italian and Romansch), its peaceful domestic French, Italian and Romansch), its peaceful domestic situation is admirable. And while the Swiss in situation is admirable. And while the Swiss in practice have been neutral in foreign affairs for practice have been neutral in foreign affairs for several

52、 centuries, they are increasingly willing to several centuries, they are increasingly willing to get more involved in world affairs and distribute get more involved in world affairs and distribute the skills in democracy and diplomacy they have the skills in democracy and diplomacy they have develop

53、ed domestically on the international stage. developed domestically on the international stage. 专题专题 二二 专题预测专题预测 Switzerland finally joined the United Switzerland finally joined the United Nations in 2002, and signed the Schengen Treaty Nations in 2002, and signed the Schengen Treaty in 2005, showing

54、 their support for the European in 2005, showing their support for the European Union.Union. 1 1Which city is home to the United NationsWhich city is home to the United Nations？(no more than 3 words)(no more than 3 words)_ 2 2What are the bestknown outdoor What are the bestknown outdoor activities in Switzerlandactivities in Switzerland？(no more than 7 words)(no more than 7 words)_专题专题 二二 专题预测专题预测 3 3Why did Switzerland join the United Why did Switzerland join the United Nations and supported the Europe Union? (no more Nations and supported the Europe Union? (no more than 15 words)than 15 wor