机电专业英语第2版3Unit3MachineTools机床

1、机床机床徐存善主编 徐存善主编徐存善主编 Most of the mechanical operations are commonly performed on five basic machine tools： The drill press; The lathe; The shaper or planer; The milling machine; The grinder.徐存善主编 Drilling Drilling is performed with a rotating tool called a drill. Most drilling in metal is done with

2、a twist drill. The machine used for drilling is called a drill press. Operations, such as reaming and tapping, are also classified as drilling. Reaming consists of removing a small amount of metal from a hole already drilled. Tapping is the process of cutting a thread inside a hole so that a cap scr

3、ew or bolt may be threaded into it.徐存善主编 Turning and Boring The lathe is commonly called the father of the entire machine tool family. For turning operations, the lathe uses a single-point cutting tool, which removes metal as it travels past the revolving workpiece. Turning operations are required t

4、o make many different cylindrical shapes, such as axes, gear blanks, pulleys, and threaded shafts. Boring operations are performed to enlarge, finish, and accurately locate holes.徐存善主编 Milling Milling removes metal with a revolving, multiple cutting edge tools called milling cutter. Milling cutters

5、are made in many styles and sizes. Some have as few as two cutting edges and others have 30 or more. Milling can produce flat or angled surfaces, grooves, slots, gear teeth, and other profiles, depending on the shape of the cutters being used.徐存善主编 Shaping and Planing Shaping and planing produce fla

6、t surfaces with a single-point cutting tool. In shaping, the cutting tool on a shaper reciprocates or moves back and forth while the work is fed automatically towards the tool. In planing, the workpiece is attached to a worktable that reciprocates past the cutting tool. The cutting tool is automatic

7、ally fed into the workpiece a small amount on each stroke.徐存善主编 Grinding Grinding makes use of abrasive particles to do the cutting. Grinding operations may be classified as precision or nonprecision, depending on the purpose. Precision grinding is concerned with grinding to close tolerances and ver

8、y smooth finish. Nonprecision grinding involves the removal of metal where accuracy is not important.徐存善主编drill dril n. 钻床，钻头，训练vi. 钻孔，训练vt. 钻孔，训练lathe lei n. 车床，机床 vt. 用车床加工shaper eip n. 牛头刨床，造型者，整形器，造型者planer plein n. 龙门刨床，刨床，刨工milling mili n. 磨，制粉，【机械学】铣削v. 碾磨，磨成粉grinder raind n. 磨床，研磨机，砂轮(机)twis

9、t twist n. 扭曲vt. 捻，拧，扭伤vi. 扭动，弯曲ream ri:m vt.铰孔n. 令（纸张的计数单位），大量tap tp vt. 轻敲, 轻拍，攻丝vi. 轻拍，轻击n. 水龙头screw skru: vt. 旋，拧n. 螺旋，螺丝钉vi. 转动，拧bolt bult n. 螺栓，门闩vt. 上门闩vi. 逃跑adv. 突然地徐存善主编threaded redid adj. 有线状图案装饰的v. 穿过，穿线于cylindrical silindrikl adj. 圆柱形的，圆柱体的，圆柱的pulley puli n. 滑轮，皮带轮vt. 用滑轮升起shaft :ft; ft

10、n. 轴，杆状物vt. 利用，在上装杆boring b:ri n. 钻孔，镗削vt.钻(孔)，镗(孔) adj.无聊的groove ru:v n. 槽vt. 开槽于vi. 形成沟槽slot slt 狭缝，槽沟vt. 在上开狭缝vi. 被放入狭孔reciprocate risiprkeit vt. 报答，互给vi. 往复运动，酬答stroke struk n.冲程，打击；尝试vt. 抚摸，划掉vi.敲击键盘abrasive breisiv adj. 粗糙的；有研磨作用的n. 研磨料tolerance tlrns n. 公差，容忍，宽容Technical Terms徐存善主编twist drill

11、麻花钻gear blank 齿轮毛坯threaded shaft 丝杠gear teeth轮齿back and forth反复地，来回地single-point cutting tool单刃刀具abrasive particle磨料颗粒Language points徐存善主编1. Tapping is the process of cutting a thread inside a hole so that a cap screw or bolt may be threaded into it.译文：攻丝是在孔里切出螺纹的过程，以便螺钉或螺栓能旋合进去。说明：句中process of 的过程，

12、so that a cap screw or bolt may be threaded into it作目的状语。threaded redid adj. 有线状图案装饰的v. 穿过；穿线于（thread的过去分词）1) related phrases：threaded connection 螺纹连接；threaded bush 套筒螺母2）Each lever has two threaded connectors for chain installation. 每个杆都有两个螺纹连接器用于链条安装。3）Each end is threaded to allow the installatio

13、n of valves, connections, or relief devices. 每一端都车有螺纹，以安装阀门、接头或减压装置。Language points徐存善主编 2. For turning operations, the lathe uses a single-point cutting tool, which removes metal as it travels past the revolving workpiece.译文：在车削操作中，车床用一个单刃切削刀具在旋转的工件上进行金属切削。说明：句中句中which removes metal as it travels p

14、ast the revolving workpiece.是非限制性定语从句，对a single-point cutting tool作补充说明作用。turning t:ni n. 转向；旋转；回转；转弯处v. 旋转（turn的ing形式）1) related phrases：turning moment 转矩；turning machine 车床2）The top is turning like a screw. 那顶端象螺丝一样地旋转着。3）Spin the pendulum round by turning the red knob. 转动红色的把手使钟摆开始转动。Language poi

15、nts徐存善主编 3. Milling can produce flat or angled surfaces, grooves, slots, gear teeth, and other profiles, depending on the shape of the cutters being used.译文：铣削根据所用的铣刀形状可分别加工平面或斜面、槽口、缝、齿轮的齿和其他的型面。说明：句中depending on the shape of the cutters being used作条件状语。Language points徐存善主编4. In shaping, the cutting

16、 tool on a shaper reciprocates or moves back and forth while the work is fed automatically towards the tool.译文：在刨削的操作中，当工件自动朝刀具方向进给时，牛头刨床上的刀具作往复或前后移动。说明：句中while the work is fed automatically towards the tool作时间状语从句。reciprocate risiprkeitvt. 报答；互换；互给vi. 往复运动；互换1）The piston is reciprocating inside cyl

17、inder. 活塞在汽缸内部往复运动。2）I hope I can reciprocate your hospitality some time. 我希望下次能回报你的热情款待。Language points徐存善主编句中：back and forth反复地，来回地1）COM links all of components in the system together, enabling them to pass requests and information back and forth. COM将系统中的所有组件连接在一起，允许它们来回传送请求和信息。2）She walked back

18、and forth on the path. 她在小路上来来回回地走着。Language points徐存善主编5. The cutting tool is automatically fed into the workpiece a small amount on each stroke. 译文：刀具在切削的每一行程自动向工件进给一点。说明：句中feed into送进；输进(某人、某物)；workpiece工件；stroke struk n.冲程，打击；尝试vt. 抚摸，划掉vi.敲击键盘1) related phrases：idle stroke空行程； intake stroke进气行程

19、;exhaust stroke 排气行程; combustion stroke 燃烧行程2) He stroked the name of himself with his pen. 他用钢笔划掉了他自己的名字。3) The combination of high gear ratio and long stroke can drain an entire air system unless the air supply system is specially designed to accommodate this type of actuator. 除非气源供应系统是经过特殊配置，以满足这

20、种类型执行机构的要求，或者高齿轮传速比和长冲程的组合可能会耗尽整个气源系统。Language points徐存善主编6. Precision grinding is concerned with grinding to close tolerances and very smooth finish.译文：精磨应用于接近于精密公差和光洁度很高的磨削。说明：句中be concerned with涉及，关于，与有关1）Scholars and researches should not be concerned with whether their work makes a contribution

21、 to the larger society. 我们不应该仅仅关注学者和研究者的著作能否对社会做出贡献。close tolerances紧公差；严格的容限1) related phrases：close-tolerance forging精确（公差）锻件；close tolerance flame cutting 高精度火焰切割Language points徐存善主编 2）Our casting process ensure high consistent quality casting and our uniquely designed. High-precision machining e

22、quipment can produce part within close tolerance at all time. 严密的生产管理，先进的工艺设计，精密的设备，在任务时候都能保证生产出高质量的零件。3）Bar codes are difficult for printing for its close tolerance. 条形码的印刷质量要求比较高，因而它的印刷难度较大。句中：smooth finish光洁度；光面精整；光泽装饰1）Enhances the product the smooth finish, the enhancement perspective rate; 提高产

23、品的光泽度，增强透视度；Exercises徐存善主编I. Answer the following questions according to the text. 1. What parts can be processed with lathes? Many different cylindrical shapes, such as axes, gear blanks, pulleys, threaded shafts and some holes can be processed with lathes. The milling machine, the shaper or planer

24、 and the the grinder can process flat surfaces.2. Which machine tools can process flat surfaces?3. What is the tapping? Tapping is the process of cutting a thread inside a hole so that a cap screw or bolt may be threaded into it.Exercises徐存善主编II. Write T for True or F for False according to the text

25、.1. For turning operations, the lathe uses multiple cutting edge tools to process. (F)2. The milling machine is commonly called the father of the entire machine tool family. (F)3. In shaping, the workpiece is attached to a worktable that reciprocates past the cutting tool. (F)4. Grinding makes use o

26、f the metal material tools to do the cutting. (F)Exercises徐存善主编1. twist drill Put the following phrases or sentences into Chinese. 麻花钻 2.cutting edge 切削刃 3.smooth finish 光洁度 4. abrasive particle 磨粒 5. single-point cutting tool单刃刀具 Exercises徐存善主编 6. Milling operations are employed in producing flat o

27、r angled surfaces, grooves, slots, gear teeth, and other profiles, depending on the shape of the cutters being used. 根据所用的铣刀形状,铣削可分别加工平面、槽口、缝、轮齿及其他的型面。 7. Turning operations are required to make many different cylindrical shapes, such as axes, gear blanks, pulleys, and threaded shafts. 车削用来切削不同的圆柱形，

28、如轴、齿轮毛坯、滑轮、丝杆等。 徐存善主编 英汉两种语言在表达上有很大差别。翻译时，英汉两种语言在表达上有很大差别。翻译时，有些词或词组不能直接搬用词典中的释义，若生搬有些词或词组不能直接搬用词典中的释义，若生搬硬套，会使译文生硬晦涩，难以看懂，甚至造成误硬套，会使译文生硬晦涩，难以看懂，甚至造成误解。所以，要在弄清原文内涵的基础上，根据上下解。所以，要在弄清原文内涵的基础上，根据上下文的逻辑关系和汉语的搭配习惯，对词义加以引申文的逻辑关系和汉语的搭配习惯，对词义加以引申。若遇到有关专业方面的内容，必须选用专业方面。若遇到有关专业方面的内容，必须选用专业方面的术语。引申后的词义能更确切地表达原

29、文意义。的术语。引申后的词义能更确切地表达原文意义。 徐存善主编1. However, colors can give more force to the form of the product. 欠佳译法：然而，色彩能给予产品更多的力量。欠佳译法：然而，色彩能给予产品更多的力量。引申译法：然而，色彩能使产品外形增添美感。引申译法：然而，色彩能使产品外形增添美感。2. Power plugs are male electrical connectors that fit into female electrical sockets. 欠佳译法：电源插头是雄性连接器适配雌性连接器。欠佳译法：电源

30、插头是雄性连接器适配雌性连接器。 引申译法：电源插头可以插入电源插座。引申译法：电源插头可以插入电源插座。 3 There is a wide area of performance duplication between numerical control and automatics. 引申译法：数控和自动化机床有很多相同的性能。引申译法：数控和自动化机床有很多相同的性能。徐存善主编4. High-speed grinding does not know this disadvantage.引申译法引申译法: 高速磨床不存在这个缺点。高速磨床不存在这个缺点。5. The charge cu

31、rrent depends upon the technology and capacity of the battery being charged.引申译法：充电电流的大小根据充电技术和电池容量的不同引申译法：充电电流的大小根据充电技术和电池容量的不同而不同。而不同。 徐存善主编卧式坐标镗床龙门坐标镗床徐存善主编 The jig borer resembles both the drill press and the vertical milling machine. The head of this unit is similar to a drill press, and the ta

32、ble is very much like that of a vertical milling machine. The jig borer is used in the manufacture of jigs, fixtures, and dies which require extremely accurate dimensions. Since the work can be clamped securely to the table that moves back and forth and in and out and since the drilling head is made

33、 with great precision, holes may be located and drilled more accurately on this machine than on any other machine tool.坐标镗床既类似于钻床又类似于立式铣床。其主轴箱类似于钻床，而工作台则与立式铣床极为相似。坐标镗床用来加工尺寸要求非常精确的钻模、夹具和冲模。由于工件能可靠地固定在作纵向、横向运动的工作台上，又由于主轴箱的制造精度很高，所以在这种机床上，孔的定位和钻削要比其它任何机床更精确。徐存善主编The coordinate measuring system of a ji

34、g borer is designed to provide longitudinal and transverse table movements. One of the simplest systems is based on two lead screws. Another system, which is used on many jig bores, is based on precision end measuring rods. Some jig borers are provided with electrical or optical systems. 坐标镗床的坐标测量系统

35、用来确定工作台的纵向和横向运动量。最简单的系统之一是以两根丝杆为基础的。另外一个为许多坐标镗床所采用的系统是以精密量棒为基础的。有些坐标镗床装有电气或光学测量系统。New words and phrases徐存善主编jig di n. 夹具，钻模vi.用夹具或钻模等加工borer b:r n. 机 镗床，镗孔刀具，钻头vertical v:tikl adj. 垂直的，直立的，竖式的 n. 垂直线dimension dimenn, dai- n. 尺寸；维（数）；线度；复 面积；容器clamp klmp n. 夹钳，夹子 vt. (用夹钳) 夹住，夹紧longitudinal ,lnditju:

36、dinl adj. 长度的，纵向的，经线的transverse trnzv:sadj. 横向的，横断的n. 横断面optical ptikl adj. 光学的，视觉的，有助视力的；coordinate ku:dinit, ku:dineit n. 坐标 adj. 并列的，坐标的vertical milling machine 立式铣床Exercises徐存善主编1. Why is it said that the jig borer resembles both the drill press and the vertical milling machine?2. Why the holes

37、may be located and drilled more accurately on the jig borer than on any other machine tool?3. Which coordinate measuring system is used on many jig bores?IAnswer the following questions according to the reading Because the head of the jig borer is similar to a drill press, and the table is very much like that of a vertical milling machine. Since the work can be clamped securely to the table that moves back and forth and in and out and since the drilling head is made with g