16雅思vip核心讲义写作分词-期末考

1、现在分词现在分词现在分词的形式现在分词的形式主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式doingdoingbeing donebeing done完成式完成式having donehaving donehaving been donehaving been done现在分词的语法功能现在分词的语法功能 现在分词（短语）作：现在分词（短语）作： 表语，定语、状语、补语。表语，定语、状语、补语。现在分词作表语 The scenes in the mountains seemed more fascinating. 山里的景色似乎更迷人。 外表往往具有迷惑性。 Appearances often

2、are deceiving. 无论做什么工作，都需要给人带来成就感和满足感。 No matter what kind of job you do, it needs to be fulfilling and satisfying.现在分词作定语现在分词作定语 单个现在分词作前置定语单个现在分词作前置定语 a developing countrya developing country 日益增长的需要日益增长的需要 growing need growing need 未来的日子未来的日子 coming days coming days 现在分词短语作后置定语现在分词短语作后置定语 坐在那里的女孩

3、儿是她的女儿。坐在那里的女孩儿是她的女儿。 The girl who is sitting there is her The girl who is sitting there is her daughter.daughter. The girl sitting there is her The girl sitting there is her daughter.daughter. 和我工作的那个人和我工作的那个人 the person who works with me the person who works with me the person working with methe p

4、erson working with me 正在动手术的病人正在动手术的病人 the patient who is being operated the patient who is being operated onon the patient being operated onthe patient being operated on 被邀请去吃饭的客人被邀请去吃饭的客人 the guests who have been invited the guests who have been invited to dinnerto dinner the guests having been in

5、vited to the guests having been invited to dinnerdinner现在分词（短语）作状语现在分词（短语）作状语 前面可以带有前面可以带有when, while, after, when, while, after, before, sincebefore, since等从属连词。等从属连词。 游览陌生城市时，我喜欢随身带着导游手游览陌生城市时，我喜欢随身带着导游手册。册。 When I am visiting a strange city, When I am visiting a strange city, I like to have a gui

6、de-book with I like to have a guide-book with me.me. When visiting a strange city, I like When visiting a strange city, I like toto现在分词（短语）作时间状语现在分词（短语）作时间状语 面对高度竞争，人们可能承担巨大的压力。 When they are facing high competition, people may suffer great pressure. When facing high competition, people may suffer g

7、reat pressure.现在分词（短语）作原因状语现在分词（短语）作原因状语 由于通晓英语，由于通晓英语， 他翻译这篇文章时没有用他翻译这篇文章时没有用字典。字典。 Because / since / as he knew Because / since / as he knew English well, he translated the English well, he translated the article without a dictionary. article without a dictionary. Knowing English well, he Knowing

8、English well, he translated the article without a translated the article without a dictionary. dictionary. 现在分词（短语）作结果状语现在分词（短语）作条件状语现在分词（短语）作条件状语如果把水加热，就能把它变成蒸汽。如果把水加热，就能把它变成蒸汽。If you heat water, you can change it If you heat water, you can change it into steam. into steam. Heating water, you can H

9、eating water, you can 如果努力，你就会成功。如果努力，你就会成功。 If you work hard, youll succeed. If you work hard, youll succeed. Working hard, youll Working hard, youll 分词前可加分词前可加though, while等词等词 尽管住在几英里以外尽管住在几英里以外,他还是去上课了。他还是去上课了。 Although he lived miles away, he attended the course. Although living miles away, he.

10、 现在分词（短语）作让步状语现在分词（短语）作让步状语 虽然不乐观，但是我还没有放弃一切希望。虽然不乐观，但是我还没有放弃一切希望。 While I am not optimistic, I have While I am not optimistic, I have not given up all hope.not given up all hope. While not being optimistic, I have While not being optimistic, I have not given up all hope.not given up all hope.她向窗外望去

11、，似乎在思考。She looked out of the window, as though she was thinking.She looked out of the window, as though thinking.现在分词（短语）作方式状语 他坐在椅子上看报纸。 He is sitting on the chair and reading newspapers. He is sitting on the chair reading newspapers.现在分词（短语）作伴随状语 There are details on all colleges There are details

12、 on all colleges and halls in this prospectus and and halls in this prospectus and you should consider your choice you should consider your choice carefully, bearing in mind that carefully, bearing in mind that each college and hall may admit each college and hall may admit students in a broad range

13、, but not students in a broad range, but not necessarily, all subject areas. necessarily, all subject areas. 现在分词（短语）作宾语补语现在分词（短语）作宾语补语 现在分词（短语）在感官动词之后作宾语现在分词（短语）在感官动词之后作宾语补语。补语。 feelfeel，noticenotice，hearhear，seesee，smellsmell，watchwatch，listen tolisten to，look atlook at We saw him entering the bui

14、lding.We saw him entering the building. We smelled something burning.We smelled something burning. 使役动词后使役动词后 getget，havehave，keepkeep，setset She finally got the television She finally got the television working.working. DonDont keep us waiting.t keep us waiting. 其他动词后其他动词后 He caught me smoking.He c

15、aught me smoking.现在分词复合结构 在句子中作状语，多用于书面语言。在句子中作状语，多用于书面语言。 结构：名词结构：名词 / / 代词主格代词主格 现在分词现在分词1、现在分词复合结构作时间状语 天黑下来的时候，这些年轻人仍沉浸在狂天黑下来的时候，这些年轻人仍沉浸在狂欢活动中。欢活动中。 When darkness set in, the young When darkness set in, the young people still abandoned people still abandoned themselves to merrymaking.themselves

16、 to merrymaking. Darkness setting in, the young Darkness setting in, the young people people 演讲结束之后，开始了热烈的讨论。演讲结束之后，开始了热烈的讨论。 After the speech had been After the speech had been delivered, a lively discussion delivered, a lively discussion started.started. The speech having been delivered, The speec

17、h having been delivered, a lively discussion started.a lively discussion started.2、现在分词复合结构作原因状语 那天放假，我钓鱼去了。那天放假，我钓鱼去了。 Because / since / as it was a Because / since / as it was a holiday, I went fishing. holiday, I went fishing. It being a holiday, I went fishing.It being a holiday, I went fishing.

18、 由于所有航班因暴风雨被取消，于是他们由于所有航班因暴风雨被取消，于是他们决定坐火车。决定坐火车。 As all flights had been canceled As all flights had been canceled because of the storm, they because of the storm, they decided to take the train.decided to take the train. thanks to / due to / owing tothanks to / due to / owing to All flights having

19、 been canceled All flights having been canceled because of the storm, theybecause of the storm, they3、现在分词复合结构作条件状语 天气允许的话，我们明天动身。天气允许的话，我们明天动身。 If weather permits, we shall start If weather permits, we shall start tomorrow. tomorrow. Weather permitting, we shall start Weather permitting, we shall s

20、tart tomorrow.tomorrow. 如果其他条件相同，温度则保持不变。如果其他条件相同，温度则保持不变。 If other conditions are equal, the If other conditions are equal, the temperature remains constant.temperature remains constant. Other conditions being equal, the Other conditions being equal, the temperature remains constant.temperature rem

21、ains constant.4、现在分词复合结构作伴随状语 天气晴朗，清风阵阵。天气晴朗，清风阵阵。 The day was bright and a fresh The day was bright and a fresh breeze blew. breeze blew. The day was bright, a fresh The day was bright, a fresh breeze blowing.breeze blowing. 现在，阿拉伯国家非常重视教育，鼓励男现在，阿拉伯国家非常重视教育，鼓励男孩和女孩都上学。孩和女孩都上学。 Nowadays, great empha

22、sis was Nowadays, great emphasis was laid on education in the Arab laid on education in the Arab states and girls as well as boys states and girls as well as boys are encouraged to go to school.are encouraged to go to school. Great emphasis was laid on Great emphasis was laid on education in the Ara

23、b states, girls education in the Arab states, girls as well as boys being encouraged as well as boys being encouraged to go to school.to go to school.过去分词过去分词过去分词的语法功能 过去分词（短语）作表语，定语、状语、和补语。过去分词（短语）作表语He felt disappointed.He felt disappointed.他们很吃惊。他们很吃惊。They are very surprised.They are very surpris

24、ed.她对历史非常感兴趣。她对历史非常感兴趣。She is fairly interested in history.She is fairly interested in history.他们似乎对我非常满意。他们似乎对我非常满意。They appeared quite satisfied with They appeared quite satisfied with me.me.过去分词（短语）作定语 单个过去分词作前置定语单个过去分词作前置定语 被动和完成意义被动和完成意义 wounded soldiers wounded soldiers excited audiences excit

25、ed audiences 主动和完成意义主动和完成意义 a retired officer a retired officer developed country developed country 过去分词之前带有副词修饰语过去分词之前带有副词修饰语 the highly respected musicianthe highly respected musician 深受尊敬的音乐家深受尊敬的音乐家 新建的大学新建的大学 a newly founded universitya newly founded university 精确控制的温度精确控制的温度 precisely controll

26、ed temperaturesprecisely controlled temperatures 单个过去分词作后置定语单个过去分词作后置定语 a car useda car used the time giventhe time given 有关部门有关部门 the department concernedthe department concerned 所涉及的问题所涉及的问题 the question involvedthe question involved 过去分词短语作后置定语过去分词短语作后置定语 the factory established in 1983the factor

27、y established in 1983 buildbuild， found found， set up set up，erecterect the time required for the designthe time required for the design With the exception of certain With the exception of certain programs offered by the Oxford programs offered by the Oxford University Department of University Depar

28、tment of Continuing Education, all Continuing Education, all applicants for graduate study at applicants for graduate study at Oxford must be accepted by both Oxford must be accepted by both the faculty board or department the faculty board or department concerned with your subject and concerned wit

29、h your subject and by a College or Permanent Private by a College or Permanent Private Hall. Hall. 复合形容词作前置定语复合形容词作前置定语 名词名词+ +过去分词过去分词 副词过去分词副词过去分词 贫穷的地方贫穷的地方 a poverty-striken placea poverty-striken place 速冻食品速冻食品 quick-frozen foodquick-frozen food过去分词（短语）作状语过去分词(短语)作时间状语 这个句子翻译成英文以后，发现它的词序这个句子翻译成

30、英文以后，发现它的词序完全变了。完全变了。 After it was translated into After it was translated into English, the sentence was found English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word to have an entirely different word order. order. Translated into English, the Translated into English, the sentence sente

31、nce 水加热时会膨胀。水加热时会膨胀。 When it is heated, water will When it is heated, water will expand.expand. When heated, water will expand.When heated, water will expand. 当一个人面临暂时困难的时候，绝不应该当一个人面临暂时困难的时候，绝不应该泄气。泄气。 be confronted with / be faced withbe confronted with / be faced with lose heartlose heart temporar

32、ytemporary One should never lose heart when One should never lose heart when he is confronted with temporary he is confronted with temporary difficulties.difficulties. One should never lose heart when One should never lose heart when confronted withconfronted with他心烦意乱，不肯吃饭。他心烦意乱，不肯吃饭。be covered wit

33、h confusionbe covered with confusionBecause / since / as he was covered Because / since / as he was covered with confusion, he refused to eat. with confusion, he refused to eat. Covered with confusion, heCovered with confusion, he过去分词(短语)作原因状语 如果多给一些时间，如果多给一些时间， 他可能干得更出色。他可能干得更出色。 If he is given mor

34、e time, he will be If he is given more time, he will be able to do better.able to do better. Given more time, he will be able Given more time, he will be able to do better.to do better.过去分词(短语)作条件状语 如果从这一点看，这个问题很重要。如果从这一点看，这个问题很重要。 If it is considered from this point, If it is considered from this p

35、oint, the question is of great the question is of great importance.importance. Considered from this point, the Considered from this point, the question is of great importance.question is of great importance. 他一瘸一拐地走着，似乎受了伤。 He was walking with a limp as if he was injured. He was walking with a limp

36、as if injured.过去分词（短语）作方式状语 他虽然被击败了，但仍然是一名受欢迎的他虽然被击败了，但仍然是一名受欢迎的拳击手。拳击手。 Though he was defeated, he Though he was defeated, he remained a popular boxer.remained a popular boxer. Defeated, he Defeated, he 过去分词（短语）作让步状语过去分词（短语）作伴随状语 他心事重重地上班去了。他心事重重地上班去了。 be burdened with worriesbe burdened with worri

37、es He went to work and he was He went to work and he was burdened with worries.burdened with worries. He went to work, burdened with He went to work, burdened with worries.worries. He felt himself cheated.He felt himself cheated. 他感到自己受骗了。他感到自己受骗了。 I heard my name called.I heard my name called. 我听见有人叫我的名字。我听见有人叫我的名字。过去分词（短语）作宾语补足语过去分词（短语）作宾语补足语 He got me involved. We must have the roof fixed. She could not make herself understood.过去分词复合结构 在句子中作状语，多用于书面语言。在句子中作状语，多用于书面语言。 结构：名词结构：名词 / / 代词主格代词主格 过去分词过去分词 After the project had been completed, we had two weeks leave. T