初三英语知识点 (2)

1、知识点背诵 （1）：(1) 动词不定式的单词：want to do sth. , wish sb to do sth. , hope sb to do sth. , ask sb. to do sth. , agree sb. to do sth. , decide to do sth. , begin to do sth., start to do sth. , learn to do sth., refuse to do sth. , promise to do sth. , manage to do sth. , offer to do sth. , fail to do sth. ,

2、afford to do sth. , tell sb. to do sth. , invite sb. to do sth. , advise to do sth. , ask sb. to do sth. ， agree to do sth. , choose to do sth., expect to do sth. , would like to do sth. (2) 动名词的单词： enjoy doing sth. , like doing sth. , practise doing sth. , finish doing sth. , stop doing sth. , cons

3、ider doing sth. , mind doing sth., admit doing sth., deny doing sth. , going doing sth. , suggest doing sth. , cant help doing sth. , give up doing sth. , go on doing sth. , keep (on) doing sth. , be worth doing sth. , be busy doing sth. , spend in doing sth. catching doing sth. 既可做不定式的单词又可做动名词的单词：

4、forget , stop, remember, start, 感官动词：see, watch, hear, notice, 省略to 的不定式： 使役动词：let/ make/ have/ please sb. do sth.， 但在被动语态中to 不能省略had better do sth. (3) 瞬间动词改成延续性动词： left-been away, died-been dead, joined-been in= been a member of, become-been, bought- had, borrowed-kept, got to - been in, came here

5、-been here, fall asleep -been asleep, finish/ end-been over, arrived here-been here, begun/started-been on, caught a cold-had a cold, went out- been out, (4) 反意疑问句中表示否定的单词： hardly, little, few, no, nothing, never, seldom, none, nobody, lets 用shall we? , Let us 用will you? (5) 修饰形容词比较级的单词: even, still

6、, much, far, rather, a bit, a little, three years, (6). A few, few, a little, little 的用法： a few, few 修饰可数名词，a little, little 修饰不可数名词 a few, a little 表示“有一点”， few, little 表示“否定”的意思，表示“没有”。 碰到still, only, just 则用 a few, a little (7) sometime, some time, sometimes, sometimes 的用法： sometime (将来的某一时候)， so

7、me time 一些时间 sometimes 有时some times 几次 (8) Christmas 的介词用法： at Christmas, on Christmas Eve, on Christmas Day (9) take part in, join, enter for, attend 的用法： take part in 参加活动，比赛（contest, match） join 加入一个组织，成为一个成员 (WTO, Party, army) enter for 报名参加 (item) attend 参加讲座，会议(meeting, lecture) 知识点背诵（2） use 的

8、四种用法： use sth. to do sth. 用。去做某事 used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 be used to do sth. 被用于做某事 use sth. for doing sth. =use sth. to do sth. 用。去做某事 2. be 动词的四种用法: (1) be + 形容词： I am tall. (2) be + 被动语态： The window is closed. (3) be + 动词不定式： My job is to be a teacher. (4) be + 现在分词： I

9、 am listening to the teacher. 3八种时态的被动语态的结构： (1) 一般现在时： beis, am, are + p.p： English is widely used in the world. (2) 一般过去时： bewas, were + p.p: The film star was interviewed by the newspaper reporter just now. (3) 现在进行时： beis, am, are + being + p.p: (4) 过去进行时： bewas, were+ being + p.p (5) 一般将来时： wil

10、l be + p.p : I will be given a present. = A present will be given to me. (6) 过去将来时： would be + p.p (7) 现在完成时： have /has +been + p.p (8) 过去完成时： had +been + p.p (9) 含有情态动词的：情态动词+ be +p.p : This coat cannot be washed in water. 4. need 的四种用法： (1) need sth. ：需要某物 (2) need to do sth. ：需要做某事 (3) need do st

11、h. ：需要做某事 （need 是情态动词） (4) dont need to do sth. ：不需要做某事 5. 连词的用法：分为并列连词和从属连词 (1) not onlybut also =not only .butas well = as well as 不但。而且。 用就近原则决定动词的单复数。 (2) neithernor “既不。也不”。 用就近原则决定动词的单复数。 (3) eitheror “或者。或者， 用就近原则决定动词的单复数。 (4) neither of “两者都不。” 动词用单数 (5) none of “三者以上都不。” 动词是单数还是复数由后面的主语决定。

12、6) bothand “既。又”。 动词用复数。 (7) and “和”。 并列关系，表示肯定的关系。 祈使句，+and句子= If you, youll.在否定句中and 要转化成or. Hurry up, and youll catch the early train. = If you hurry up, youll catch the early train (8) or “否则”. 有转折关系。表示否定的关系。祈使句，+or 句子=If you dont, youll. 举例：./Hurry up, or youll miss the early train. =If you don

13、t hurry, youll miss the early train. ， “ 或者” , 用于疑问句或否定句。 9) but, “但是”，although=though“但是”用了but, 就不能用though, 用了though, 就不能用but. (10) so, “ 所以”, for, because, because of “因为” 用了so， 就不能用because。 用了 because就不能用so。 for 用于句中，because 跟句子。 because of 后跟名词。 (11) while, when “当。时候”。when 用于 主句：一般将来时，从句：一般现在时。

14、 主句：一般过去时，从句：一般过去时。 主句：一般过去时，从句：过去进行时。while 用于 主句：过去进行时，从句：过去进行时。 (12) 主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时， 简称主将从现的句子有：if, as soon as, when, notuntil (13)yet, 用于现在完成时，在否定句、疑问句中把already 改成yet. “ 然而” , : The old teacher is very tired, yet she still works very hard. = Although the old teacher is very tired, she still wo

15、rks very hard. (14) if “ 如果, 用于条件状语从句。主将从现。 “是否”， 用于宾语从句 whether “是否”，用于宾语从句。和if 的区别在于whether 与or not 连用。表示：是。还是不是。而if 不与or not 连用。 (15) as soon as “一。就”。 主将从现 主句：一般过去时，从句：一般过去时。 (16) as well as 比较级中表示“和。一样好”。 主语A+ as well as + 主语B，动词由A决定单复数。 (17) after ：“在。后。”用于过去完成时或过去时。（做句意相同时要想到until） (18) until

16、, not （wont/ didnt ） 。until ： “直到。才。”用于主将从现，或过去式。 (19) since=now that,“既然。” it is +时间+since( 过去式)， it was + 时间+ since ( 过去完成时) (20) sothat. “如此. 以致于” 从句中有can, cant, could, couldnt.so that,“以便。” 可以和too.to, enough to, 互换。 (21) as ：“当. 时”=when, “由于” , “像”，跟like 的区别是：like +单词词组。 as + 动词词组。 (22) asas, “和

17、。一样”。not as as “和。不一样。”= lessthan (23) in order to, “为了”, 后+动词原形。 in order that “为了”，跟句子。 (24) tooto, “太。以致于不能” 。enough to “足够。能够。” (25) unless=if not “除非” would rather do sth. “宁愿做某事” had better do sth. “最好做某事” would like to do sth. “想要做某事” 一、副词： 1.加-ly: quick, slow, fluent, quiet, careful, careles

18、s, soft, wonderful, cheerful, excited, sad, clear, fortunate, active, serious, wide, bad, hurried, rude, impatient, kind, silent, polite 2.去y + ily : heavy, lucky, noisy, easy, merry, greedy, happy, angry, busy, hungry, unlucky, tasty 3.去e+ly : true, terrible, possible, probable 4.同形：loud, early, fa

19、st, hard, straight, deep, late, high 划线提问的词： 1. how soon: 对in +一段时间的提问。 2. how long: 对for +一段时间的提问。 3. how far : 对距离的提问。(be far from) 4. how fast : 对速度的提问。 5. how old: 对年龄的提问。 6which: 对定语的提问或问哪一个？ 7. how often : 对twice a week 的提问。 8. when: 对时间的提问。 9. where: 对地点的提问。 10. who: 对人物的提问。 11. why=what for:

20、 对原因的提问。 疑问词： How far (five minutes walk) How soon (in ten minutes) How fast ( a mile in ten minutes) How long (for ten minutes) How often (twice a day) How many (two) How much (two yuan two kilos) 八种时态的时间状语： 1、一般现在时：sometimes, every (day), often, never, usually, on Sundays 2、一般过去时：used to, yesterda

21、y, ago, last week, in 1990, the day before yesterday, just now, this morning, when 3、一般将来时：tomorrow, next year, soon, in two days, in 2008, this evening 4、现在完成时：never, ever, already, yet, just, 5、现在进行时：now, listen!, look!, these days 6、过去进行时：while, when, at this time, at 8 yesterday, 7、过去完成时：by the

22、end of , when, 宾语从句。 8、过去将来时：一般用于宾语从句中。sb. pay money for sth.sb. spend money on sth.sb. buy sth. for moneysth. cost (sb) moneyIt cost sb. money to do sth. it takes/ took sb. some time to do sth.sb. spend time doing sth.sb. spend time on sth.sth. take (sb) timeit take sb. time to do sth.it take time

23、for sb. to do sth.1. 1. 找出陈述部分找出陈述部分 2. 2. 看主语前的主体词是名词还是形容词（副词）看主语前的主体词是名词还是形容词（副词）做感叹句练习的方法做感叹句练习的方法adj./adv. adj./adv. n n. . 可数名词单数可数名词单数, , 用用what a/anwhat a/an可数名词复数可数名词复数, , 用用what what 修饰修饰不可数名词不可数名词, , 用用what what 修饰修饰用用 how how 修饰修饰. . Structures感叹句的构成感叹句的构成How+ adj./ adv. + (陈述句陈述句)!What +

24、 a/an + adj. +可数名词单数可数名词单数+(陈述句陈述句)!What + adj. + 可数名词复数可数名词复数 + (陈述句陈述句)! What + adj. + 不可数名词不可数名词 +(陈述句陈述句)! 反意疑问句的用法： 1、表示否定的隐性词有： hardly, never, seldom, little, few, none 2、s 的表示： (1) be late for 中的be 动词 （is）; (2) has + p.p 中的has 3、there be句型用 isnt/ is/ arent /are there ? 4、Lets 用shall we? Let u

25、s 和其他祈使句用 will you ? 5、由 believe, think 连接的宾语从句，反意在从句上。 4、宾语从句的用法：宾语从句的用法： 1、一看连词，二看语序， 三看时态 2、注意连词： (1)特殊疑问句的连词用特殊疑问词(2)一般疑问句的连词用if 或whether, 其中表示不确定的或有or not 的用whether, 如：I have no idea whether I go to park. (3) 注意语序：用陈述句语序， 除：Whats wrong with you ? =Whats the matter with you? 语序不变外。 1. You will g

26、et better soon. I hope _ you _ get better soon.3. When does the next plane arrive? He hasnt told me _ the next plane _?2. Can Tim finish the work in three hours? She wants to know _ Tim _ finish the work in three hours.当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，连词由当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，连词由if或或whether引导引导当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，连词常由当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，连词常由

27、疑问词疑问词引导引导thatwillif/ whethercanwhenarrivesHe wondered _ he would go or not.whether若主句谓语动词为若主句谓语动词为现在时现在时（包括（包括一般现在时，一般现在时，现在完成时，现在进行时），现在完成时，现在进行时），从句的谓语动词则根据从句的谓语动词则根据本身实际需要本身实际需要而定。而定。1. You will get better soon. I hope that you will better soon.2. Can Tim finish the work in three hours? She want

28、s to know if/whether Tim can finish the work in three hours.3. When does the next plane arrive? He hasnt told me when the next plane arrives?1. He will go on a trip to Beijing in a week. My father told me that he _ _ on a trip to Beijing in a week.若主句谓语动词为若主句谓语动词为一般过去时一般过去时，从句的谓语动词，从句的谓语动词需视具体情况选用相应

29、的过去时态需视具体情况选用相应的过去时态(一般过去时、一般过去时、过去将来时、过去进行时或过去完成时过去将来时、过去进行时或过去完成时)等等. 2. Do you prefer tea or coffee? Martin asked the man _ he _ tea or coffee.3. How did he go to the Science Museum? Jane didnt know how he_ _ to the Science Museum.wouldgowhetherpreferredhadgoneA. howB. ifD.will goD. rises 保持句意相同的

30、句子：保持句意相同的句子： 1、almost out of =hardly little, almost none=hardly any 2、only =nothing but 3、the same +名词+as =as +形容词+as, 如：the same age =as old as 4、than 与not as /soas 互换 5、比较级改成最高级： 比较级+than any other =最高级+ in +范围或(of all)注意other, else 的用法。 6、两句合并的句子用的连词有： instead of, because of, without, ifnot =unl

31、ess, in order to +动词词组 =so as to +动词词组 = in order that+句子 sothat（如此以致于）, suchthat （如此以致于）, so that（以便，如此）, tooto（太以致于不能）, enough to （足够能够）的用法： so +形容词+that+ 带有can /could 的句子 =形容词+enough to 的句子so +形容词+that+ 带有cant /couldnt 的句子 =too+形容词+ to 的句子so that 表示“以便，如此”+从句 =in order to /so as to +动词词组such +形容词+名词+that+从句 知识点背诵（5） 1. see 的用法： see sb. do sth. 看到某人做一件事的全过程 see sb. doing sth. 看到某人做某事，看到的是一个点。 2. alone, lonely 的用法： alo