高一英语知识点B3M2学案（教师版）外研版

1、高一英语 知识点 B3M2学案（教师版） 外研版Introductionincome, pay, wage, salary1)从含义上看：income 指“收入”，可指挣来的收入，包括指投资挣来的收入；salary 与 wage 两者都指“工资”、“薪水”，在含义上这是两个互补的词，前者多指脑力劳动者的工资，通常按月或年发放，而后者多指体力劳动者的工资，通常按周、日或小时付给，多用复数形式；pay 则主要指因工作或劳动所获得的报酬，可包括salary 和wage, 但更多的地是指军队的薪饷或津贴;我们希望做好一天的工作就得到一天应得的工资。This company is offering a

2、salary of $ 50 000 per year. 这家公司的年薪为50 000 美元。However, Afghan officials in Kabul say the pay of Afghan soldiers will remain a problem.但阿富汗官员在喀布尔表示，阿富汗士兵的军饷仍将是个问题。注：从可数性来看，income 和 salary 根据情况可用作可数或不可数名词，wage 通常用复数形式，但也可用单数形式，而 pay 通常只用作不可数名词。2)表示“收入”或“工资”的高低，根据情况可用 large, high, good, big, small, lo

3、w, bad 等形容词修饰，一般不用 much, little。如：He has a large high salary. 他薪水很高。Wages are high (low) in that country. 那个国家工资高(低)。Her father earns a large (small) income. 她父亲收入高(低)。注：在提问时，可用 how much。如：How much salary does the job pay? 这工作有多少薪水?练习1 He doesn't work but he gets a good _ from his investments.A.

4、 wage  B. income C. pay  D. salary2 My monthly _is over 3000 yuan. A salary B wage C income D pay Reading1. 1. , 147 world leaders agree to work together to（P2 L4）agree to do同意做某事 (to do 为不定式作宾语，to为不定式的符号)agree to+n 同意某人的建议/计划/安排等。(此处的to为介词)例：1). Is he going to agree to our suggestion

5、? 2). He has agreed to help us out of the difficulty. Please be relaxed.agree with sb./ones words同意的观点，意见，同意某人所说话1). Do you agree with me about the need for more schools?2). We all agree with your words/what you said.拓展：agree with 除了上面用法外，还可以用来表示“与一致”，“（气候、事物）适合某人”等。1). What you did didnt agree with

6、 what you said.2). This kind of food doesnt agree with me.注: agree不用于被动语态。“I couldnt agree more.”(=I completely agree.) 用于口语中, 表示“完全同意”。如：-I think its a bad idea.-I couldnt agree more.agree on :1). We couldnt agree on a date / when to meet. 关于日期/什么时候见面，我们未能取得一致意见。2). Do we all agree on the best cour

7、se of action? 我们是否一致同意这一最佳措施？练习： 1. We _ _ making an early start. (agree on) 2. The climate here doesnt _ _him. (agree with)3. I dont _ _ you to make friends with such a man. (agree with)4. The manager has_ _ improve the working condition in the company. (agreed to)5. When did you last hear _ Jay?-H

8、e phoned me this morning, and we agreed _ a time and place to meet.A. of; to B. about; with C. from; with D. from; on一言辩之：Tom asked me if my wife agreed to spend the holiday in the north. I said that she agreed to my idea, so we agreed on a date for it. And my wife ageed with what we did.2. The inde

9、x measures a countrys achievements in three ways: life expectancy( how long people usually live), education and income. (P 2L4)1 measure: v. 评估，衡量，测量 n. 措施，方法，计量单位He measured the length of the desk. 他量了桌子的长度。This room measures 6 meters by 4. 这个房间有6米长、4米宽。The government is introducing tougher measure

10、s to combat crime. 政府正引进更强硬的手段来反击犯罪。They took strong measures against dangerous drivers.他们对危害公众的司机采取强硬的措施。拓展： make to ones measure 按某人的尺寸做 adopt / take measures to do sth 采取措施干某事beyond measure 过度，极其，非常 in large/ some measure 在很大/ 某种程度上measure up (to ) 合格，达到标准，胜任set measure to sth.限制measure the lengt

11、h/width/height of.测量的长/宽/高measure up to 符合（期望）；达到（标准）measure表示“措施”的含义时，应用其复数形式measures。measure表示“测定；测量；评估”时，是及物动词，后直接加名词作宾语；或用于be measured in/by.结构中，表示“用来计算”。measure表示“量；有长(宽、高等)”时，是不及物动词，后跟量的结果，不用被动语态及进行时态。练习： 1. The job failed to _ to her expectations. 这项工作没有满足她的期望。2. The government has _ to help

12、college graduates to find jobs. 政府已经采取措施帮助大学生就业。3. The cloth easily if on a table.A. measures; spreading B. measures; spreadC. will be measured; spread D. has been measured; spread4. What measures have been _ to control the crowd at Saturdays football match?A. imagined B. made C. given D. taken meas

13、ure up ; took measure; B; D2 expectancy U 预期，期望，期望的事物I saw the look of expectancy in the childrens eyes. 我从孩子们眼中看到了期待的眼神。There was an air of expectancy among the waiting crowd. 等待的人群中有一种期盼的心情。expect v. 预期; 预计 expectant adj. 预期的；期待的 expectantly adv.练习：翻译句子You cant expect to learn a foreign language i

14、n a few months.不要指望在几个月内就学会一门外语。We were expecting him to arrive yesterday.我们昨天一直在等他。Many people were expecting that the peace talks would break down.很多人预料和平谈判会破裂。She looked at him expectantly.她满怀期望地看着他。3. position n. 位置，方位; 处境，状况 ;地位，身份，职位（P2L11） v. 安置；安装; 使处于 The machine can figure out the position

15、 of the sun in the sky. The financial position of our company is becoming worse and worse. The position of women in the society today is much higher. Large television screens were positioned at either end of the stadium. She quickly positioned herself behind the desk. 拓展： in a position 处于的地位/处境in/ o

16、ut of position 在/ 不在适当的位置take up ones position 就位; 占据位置get a position获得某职位in a good position情况好hold a position 担任职务shift ones position改变立场练习：1) 财富和地位对她并不重要。Wealth and position were not important to her.2) 现在这家公司已准备好在国外市场竞争。The company is now well positioned to compete in foreign markets.3) Until the

17、 1960s, the Chinese American began to enter such as doctor, lawyer etc.A. careers B. jobs C. professions D. positions4） From their_ on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city.（2009. 陕西高考）A state B position C condition D situation state/situation/condition/position(1)stat

18、e多指身体、心理状况；也可以表示物质存在的状态。(2)situation既可以表示政治上的形势、局面，也可以表示人或公司等的状况。(3)condition表示条件；当表示周围的环境时常用复数conditions； 也可以指主语的“状态，状况”，常用于in good/bad condition等短语中。(4)position指影响自己行为能力的形势、处境；也可以表示职位、位置、地点等。 4. make sure that all children have education up to the age of 11. (P 3 L 5)up to直到；到为止up to是介词短语，用于表示地点、数

19、量、程度、时间等词前。 直到(数目)up to 直到(高至)(程度) 直到=up till(时间) The tent can hold up to ten men. 这个帐篷可以睡10个人。 My German isnt up to translating that letter. 我的德语达不到能翻译那封信的程度。 What in the world are you up to? Stop it at once. 你到底在搞什么鬼？还不快住手。 be up to打算做/正做(某种不好的事) be up to sth.打算做/正做（不好的事）；胜任 Its up to sb. to do.应由

20、某人做 Its up to you. 由你来决定。练习：1. Have you finished the book? - No. Ive read up to _ the children discover the secret cave.( 2010. 全国二卷) A which B what C that D where2. What do you want to do next? We have half an hour until the basketball game._. Whatever you want to do is fine with me.A It just depen

21、ds B All right C Glad to hear that D Its up to you.3. I can take four people in my car. (我的汽车最多能带四个人). Up to4. I have never heard from her_(直到现在). up to now5.他无法胜任这份工作. _ Hes not up to the job. 6. Whats (她在搞什么鬼)？ She up to5. example cn. 例子，榜样 (P 4 L1)example of 方面的例子He gave several examples of the w

22、ays to solve this problem.set an example 树立一个榜样She arrived at the office early to set an example to the others. be an example to sb 是某人学习的榜样He is an example to all of us.follow ones example 仿效某人It would be a mistake to follow his example.练习1）这部词典有许多关于词语用法的示例。This dictionary has many examples of how

23、words are used.2) 他的勇气式我们大家的榜样。His courage is an example to us all.6but we need to make greater efforts. (P5 L2)I know you dont like her, but you could make an effort to be polite. 我知道你不喜欢她，但是你应该尽量礼貌一些。The local clubs are making every effort to interest more young people.地方俱乐部正在尽一切努力来吸引更多的年轻人。We sho

24、uld spare no effort to beautify our environment.我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。拓展： spare no effort 不遗余力 make every effort / (many) efforts/ a good effort to do sth 尽一切努力干 without/ with efforts 容易地，不费力地/ 努力地，艰难地 through sbs efforts 通过某人努力注意 effort作“努力”讲时，为不可数名词；作“费力的事情,花精力的事情”讲时是可数名词。They have put a lot of effort

25、into their garden this summer.这个夏天，他们对他们的花园倾注了不少心血。It was a real effort to stay awake in the lecture.在讲座过程中不打瞌睡，真得费很大的劲。练习： 1. In my opinion, it was really a great_ for her to be pleasant to people she didnt like. A trouble B sorrow C effort D horror2. I would no effort to fill it to your satisfacti

26、on. A. spare B. spend C. have D. tend3. Great efforts must be to improve the living conditions here. A. taken B. made C. put D. through7. figure n. 数字，图形； 人，动物；雕像；人物；身材 v. 计算；认为，以为 (P 13, Activity 4)She does exercise every morning to keep her figure.她每天早上做运动以保持体形。His score is now well into double fi

27、gures. 他的得分已经两位数了。She is always had a good figure. 她身材一向很好。Have you figured in the cost of food for our holiday?你把咱们度假的食物费用计算进去了吗？I figured that he was drunk and shouldnt be allowed to drive. 我认为他喝醉了，不应该让他开车。拓展：keep ones figure 保持身材the latest sales figures最新的销售数字a square figure方形a historical figure历

28、史人物 figure out 想出，理解出，算出 figure on 计划，打算，预料到 figure sth. in将某物考虑/计算在内 be / become a figure of fun 成为笑柄练习：1) I cant _ why she said so. 我无法理解她为何这么说 figure out2) 我们认为明智的做法是等待。_We figured the sensible thing to do was to wait.3) Have you _ the cost of the meals? 你已经把伙食费算计去了吗？figured in4) I cant what has

29、happened to the vegetables, for they were freshly picked this morning. A. look out B. take out C. work out D. figure out5).Last night he saw two dark enter the building, and then there was the explosion. A. features B. sketches C. figures D. imagesGrammarlink words1. Norway is at the top of the list

30、, while the United States is at number 7.2. The UK is in the thirteenth position, while China is in the middle of the list.3. Although more than 80 of children in developing countries go to primary school,4. Although developed countries give some financial help, they need to give much more.While 做连词

31、除引导时间状语从句外，还可以表示前后句之间的对比转折。由although 引导的让步状语从句，可译为“虽然”。常用于句首，且不与but连用。均为让步状语从句although、though用法1.两词同义并可换用，但although语气较重，通常放在句首并用于正式场合。如：I'd quite like to go out, (al)though it is a bit late. 我很想外出，虽然为时稍晚。Although it was snowing, it was not very cold. 虽然下着雪，但并不很冷。2.用though 时，可将强调的词前置，但although 不能

32、。as也有此种倒装结构。如：Poor though / as he is , he is happy.虽然他穷，但过得很愉快。Child though / as she was, the actress was drawing a crowd. 尽管还是个孩子，这个女演员却引起了人们的注目。（child前无冠词a）3. although 引导从句常指事实，而though 引导的句子可表假设。如：Let's start as arranged though it rains tomorrow. 即使明天下雨，咱们也按预定的计划出发吧。（假设）He was not unhappy alth

33、ough he had to live alone. 虽然得一个人生活，他毫无不快之感。（事实）4.although 只用作连词，而though 除作连词外，还可用作副词，常置句末句子较长时也置于句中。如：It's hard work, I enjoy it though. 这是苦差事，可我干得颇有乐趣。There's no excuse, though, for hurting her feelings. 伤到她的感情一事，还是不可原谅。5.though 可用于even though, as though 等结构，although则不能。如：Even though I fai

34、l, I'll keep on trying. 我纵然失败，仍会继续尝试下去。You look as though (=as if ) you know each other. 看起来你们好像彼此认识。6. although 和 though 用作连词时不能和but连用，但可跟yet, still 等连用。如：Although he lives alone, yet he is happy. = He lives alone, but he is happy. 他虽然单独生活但很愉快。7.though 常用于省略句。如：Though (he is) alone, he is happy

35、.   although连conj.的用法（1）although(though) 和but，就如同because和so 一样，不可同时用来连接两个子句。（2）althoughthough(虽然)；however(然而；不过)也可表达同样意思，但必须放在另一句之首。     though和however可放句首句尾；但although不能放句尾。句型：(Even)Although/Though附属子句（原因）, 主要子句（结果）.     =主要子句（结果）, (ev

36、en)although/though附属子句（原因）.     =原附属子句（原因）. However, 原主要子句（结果）.     =原附属子句（原因）. 原主要子句（结果）, however/though.例句：Even though / although I left home earlier, I was late for school.     = I was late for school, even though I left h

37、ome earlier.     = I left home earlier. However, I was late for school.     = I left home earlier. I was late for school, however.1. However, the challenges are still great.2. However, in other regions of the world, e.g. 2. Health care is improving i

38、n towns. However, there is still a lot of disease in country areas.3. Most children go to primary but not many receive an education after the age of 11.However 放于句首句尾句中都可以, 但有逗号与之隔开。But 转折意义更强烈, 既可以连接两个句子, 又可以连接句子中的两个并列成分。均为并列句however 副词，“可是；不过；然而；无论如何；不论到什么程度”。however比but的词义还要弱些，并不直接引出相反的意见，因此，常用作插

39、入语。例如：Id like to go with you; however, my hands are full. 我很想和你一块儿去，可是我忙不过来。 连词，“不管用什么方法；无论什么方式”。例如：However I cook eggs, the child still refuses to eat them. 不管我用什么方法做鸡蛋，小孩还是不肯吃。1. 用连词and/however/while/although/but 完成句子。1. British English _ American English are more or less the same.2. _ it was not

40、safe to stay in the house, they didnt move at all.3. He knows so many difficulties are in front of him. He will not, _, give up.4. He wants to study abroad, _ his brother wants to stay at home.5. , they did not seem to have much effect. 6. He drives not carefully slowly. 7. many difficulties are sti

41、ll ahead, we are determined to make greater achievements. 8. He said that it was so; he was mistaken, .9. He looks honest, actually hes a rogue (无赖). 10. He went out for a walk, I stayed at home. 11. cold it is, she always goes swimming. 12. Im very sorry, I cant see you today. 1 And; 2 Although; 3

42、however; 4 while;. 5 However 6 but 7. Although 8. however 9. but 10. while 11. However 12. but2.Translation：1） 他个子矮而他兄弟个子高。 He is short, while his brother is tall.2） 他很努力，然而还是失败了。He worked hard. However, he failed.3） 痛得厉害，可是他并不呻吟。The pain was bad, but he did not complain.单选1. _I accept that he is no

43、t perfect, I do actually like the person.A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless 2. _modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand.A. While B. Since C. As D. If 3. You should try to get a good nights sleep _ much work you have to do.A. however B. no matter

44、C. although D. whatever 4. Have you been to New Zealand?-No, Id like to, _.A. too B. though C. yet D. either 5. _ you call me to say youre not coming, Ill see you at the theatre.A. Though B. Whether C. Until D. Unless6. I do every single bit of housework _ my husband-Bob just does the dishes now and

45、 then. A. since B. while C. when D. as 7. Paul had to write a history paper, _ he couldnt find time to do it. A. but B. so C. because D. if8. Between the two generations, it is often not their age, _ their education that causes misunderstanding.A. like B. as C. or D. but Listening:1. unfortunate adj

46、. 倒霉的，不幸的；使人遗憾的 (P16)The unfortunate people who were playing near the sea lost their lives.I would like to apologize for this unfortunate mistake.fortunate adj. fortunately adv. unfortunately adv. fortune n. 运气，机会U；巨款C make a fortune 发财be fortunate to do sth. I have been fortunate to visit many part

47、s of the world.be fortunate in doing sth. I was fortunate in having a good teacher.翻译：1 算他运气好，我准时到了。It was fortunate for him that I arrived on time.2 让家里人吃味道好又健康的餐食并不需要花许多钱。You dont have to spend a fortune to give your family tasty, healthy meals,2. be connected with 与有联系 (P16)It can be a great help

48、 for you to be connected with the world. be connected to 连通，连接The printer is connected to the computer.connect up (to sth) 将（与电源、气等）连接起来She connected up the two computers.翻译句子：1） 我们等待着电话接通。We are waiting for the telephone to be connected.2） 他与那起犯罪毫无关联。There was nothing to connect him with the crime.

49、Cultural Corner1. be close to 靠近，接近（=be near to）；即将发生 (P19)The two countries are close to signing a peace agreement. 两国即将签署和平协议。Our translation should be close to the original. 我们的翻译应忠实于原文。拓展： a close game 势均力敌的比赛 a close friend 密友 close up （商店）关闭、停业 close down （商店、工厂）倒闭close& closely adv. close

50、 是指距离、场所、地点等的“接近，靠近closely 是指抽象意义上的“接近”，多用比喻意义，有“亲密地，严密地，仔细地”等意思late 与lately late意思是"晚"； lately 意思是"最近"You have come too late.What have you been doing lately?deep与deeply deep意思是"深"，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，"深深地"He pushed the stick deep into the mud.Even father

51、was deeply moved by the film.high与highly high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于muchThe plane was flying high.I think highly of your opinion.wide与widely wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是"广泛地"，"在许多地方"He opened the door wide.English is widely used in the world.free与freely free的意思是"免费"；freely 的意思是&q

52、uot;无限制地"You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.You may speak freely; say what you like.练习： 1）The two events are _ connected. 这两件事联系密切 closely 2) Dont stand so _ to her. 不要站得离她太近 close2. Its an agreement between towns or cities of similar size and age，and which have similar feature

53、s such as tourism，industry，culture，and entertainment.“of某些抽象名词”可用来描述人或事物的特征，该结构在句中可作表语或定语。(1)be of抽象名词be该名词相对应的形容词Its of much possibility / very possible to misunderstand each other in life. 生活中人与人之间发生误会是很可能的。注意：在此结构中，如果后面的名词前有不定冠词 a / an ，则这个冠词相当于 the same .The two boys are of an / the same ag

54、e. These bottles are of a / the same size.(2)还有些抽象名词没有相应的形容词形式：be of the size/weight/height/depth/length/age/colour/ shape/kind/type 例句：This dictionary is of great/much use to learners of English.This dictionary is very useful to learners of English.这本词典对英语学习者很有用。The work I am doing at the moment is

55、 not of very much value.我现在所从事的工作没有多大价值。练习 1. Do you think the concert last weekend was of _?   A. much success    B. successful      C. very success     D. very successful; 2. You will find this map of great _ in helping you to get round L