汽车实用英语交通大学4.unit

1、Unit 4Automotive Basics IIAutomotive Basics II I . Warming up I . Warming up II. Section A Electrical System II. Section A Electrical SystemI III. Section B BodyI III. Section B Body IV. Section C Practical Writing: Memos IV. Section C Practical Writing: MemosAutomotive Basics IIUnit ObjectivesUnit

2、ObjectivesAfter studying the unit, you are able to:1. have a general idea of vehicles;2. know the terms and phrases about electrical system and body;3. talk about the components of auto electrical system and bodywith your own words;4. understand the basic concept about electrical system;5. write a m

3、emo.Warming upTask 1 As a student majoring in automobile, you must be familiarwith the following picture. Write down the name for everypart. The words are given below for your reference.Words for Reference rearview mirror, mirror, cigarette lighter, vent, glove compartment, radio controls, heating c

4、ontrols, accelerator pedal, break pedal, steering column, turn signal lever, windshield wiper controls, instrument panel, sun visorWarming upTask 2 Match the following pictures with the technical terms givenbelow.1. engine 2. steering wheel 3. suspension4. GPS 5. auto transmission 6. air bagSection

5、A Electrical SystemTask 1 Before reading the passage, try to complete the followingtasks.1. Do you know the main functions of an automobile electrical system?2. Please search online for information about automobile electrical system and exchange the information with your classmates in English. Readi

6、ng AAutomobile Electrical System The electrical system supplies electricity for the ignition, horn, lights, heater, and starter. The electricity level is maintained by a charging circuit. This circuit consists of the battery, alternator (or generator). The battery stores electricity. The alternator

7、changes the engines mechanical energy into electrical energy and recharges the battery. To understand the concept fully, the following eight items will be a good guide. Automobile Alternator The alternator is the basic source of energy for the various electrical devices of an automobile. In an alter

8、nator, the field windings are placed around the spinning central shaft. Two iron pole pieces cast with “fingers” are slid on the shaft, covering the field windings so that the fingers are interspaced. The fingers on one pole piece form the North poles and the fingers on the other form the South pole

9、s. This assembly is called the ROTOR. Surrounding the rotor are a series of windings around laminated iron rings, attached to the alternators case. This assembly is called the STATOR. The engines crankshaft spins the rotor. Reading A Direct current from the battery is fed through into the rotors fie

10、ld coil by using brushes rubbing against slip rings. One end of the field coil is fastened to the insulated brush, while the other end is attached to the grounded brush. As the pole fields pass through the stator, current is electromagnetically produced, but since the rotor is composed of alternatin

11、g North and South poles, the current produced f lows in the opposite direction every 180 degrees of rotation. In other words, the current is “alternating”. Armature Armatures are the moving parts of an electric machine, generally alternators, generators or motors of a vehicle. The armature used in a

12、utomobiles consists of a series of coils and groups of insulated conductors circumscribed around a core of iron. Armatures are generally fixed on ball bearings. Reading A Automobile Battery The automobile battery refers to an electrochemical device comprised of primary and secondary cells that are u

13、sed for transforming chemical energy into mechanical energy. Most of the vehicles today use “lead acid” batteries. Batteries are mostly of two types: non-rechargeable and rechargeable. Often called as disposable batteries, non-rechargeable batteries are used once and then dumped, while rechargeable

14、batteries are devices that can be easily recharged by applying electrical current that turns or reverses a chemical reaction. Automobile Ignition System In the ignition system, electrical current is used for burning the mixture of air and fuel with the help of the coil, battery and spark plug. The t

15、wo main functions of the automobile ignition system are to produce enough voltage so that it can easily create a spark for burning the air and fuel mixture, and secondly to exercise control over the timing of a spark Reading Aand transmit it to the apt cylinder. The automobile ignition system can be

16、 further classified into three main heads, such as the mechanical ignition system, electronic ignition system and distributorless ignition system. Most of the vehicles today incorporate the electronic ignition system in their engines. Automobile Starting System The automobile starting system is cons

17、idered to be the heart of the automobile electrical system. The starting system includes the battery, starter motor, solenoid, ignition switch and in some cases, a starter relay. Once the key is put into the ignition switch, then the current passes through battery cables to the starter motor. After

18、this, the starter motor turns the engine and the downward moving piston creates suction that will draw an air and fuel mixture into the cylinder, where the air and fuel mixture is burned. Then the engine starts. Reading A Automotive Electrical Wiring System The electrical wiring system of an automob

19、ile incorporates different types of devices, flexible electrical wires, electrical fuses, connectors, and fuse blocks used for fastening one end of an automobile component to the power source device. These electrical wiring components are used for bearing mechanical loads and transmitting communicat

20、ion signals or electrical energy. Charging System The main function of the automobile charging system is to control and regulate the charge in the battery of a vehicle. It produces electrical current for operating automobile lights, music systems, the heater, the engine electrical system and other e

21、lectrical components. Reading A Automobile Computer Chips Automotive computer chips are basically the integrated circuits made of semiconducting materials that are used for storing a new engine management program in the electronic control unit of the vehicle. These chips store the data used by an en

22、gine control unit for managing and controlling the engine functions. Sensors, actuators and some other accessories may also be included in the electrical system. 1. Direct current from the battery is fed through into the rotors f ield coil by using brushes rubbing against slip rings. 通过电刷摩擦滑动环，电池的直流

23、电流入转子的励磁绕组。2. The two main functions of the automobile ignition system are to produce enough voltage so that it can easily create a spark for burning the air and fuel mixture, and secondly to exercise control over the timing of a spark and transmit it to the apt cylinder. 汽车点火系统有两个主要功能，一是产生足够的电压，以便很

24、容易产生使空气和燃油混合物燃烧的电火花，二是控制点火时间，并将火花传送到相应的汽缸。NOTE to Reading A 3. After this, the starter motor turns the engine and the downward moving piston creates suction that will draw an air and fuel mixture into the cylinder, where the air and fuel mixture is burned. Then the engine starts. 之后，启动电动机旋转发动机，向下移动的

25、活塞产生吸力，把空气燃油混合物推到汽缸中，空气燃油混合物在汽缸中被点燃，然后发动机启动。4. The electrical wiring system of an automobile incorporates different types of devices, flexible electrical wires, electrical fuses, connectors, and fuse blocks used for fastening one end of an automobile component to the power source device. 汽车的电气配线系统集合

26、了不同类型的设备，软电线、保险丝、连接器和保险丝盒，保险丝盒用来把汽车构件的一端固定在电源设备上。NOTE to Reading A 5. Automotive computer chips are basically the integrated circuits made of semiconducting materials that are used for storing a new engine management program in the electronic control unit of the vehicle. 汽车电脑芯片主要是由半导体材料制成的集成电路， 半导体材

27、料用来储存汽车电子控制元件中新的发动机管理程序。NOTE to Reading AReading ComprehensionTask 2 Reading ComprehensionI. Answer the following questions briefly according to Reading A.1. What are the two alternating poles the rotor is composed of ?The north and south poles.2. Which part of an electric machine is the armature?Th

28、e moving part.3. What does the ignition system create?It creates a spark to ignite the air and fuel mixture in the cylinders of the engine.4. What is the main function of the charging system?It is to control and regulate the charge in the battery of a vehicle.5. What do the automotive computer chips

29、 store?They store the data used by the engine control unit.Reading ComprehensionII. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F)according to Reading A.1. The rotor and the stator are the two important working elements in an alternator. T2. In an alternator, the current is altern

30、ating at 180 degrees of rotation. T3. The battery refers to the cells transforming chemical energy into mechanical energy. T4. Electrical wiring components are only used for transmitting communication signals or electrical energy. F5. The automobile charging system is used for generating voltage to

31、produce electrical current. FVocabulary ExercisesTask 3 Vocabulary ExercisesMatch the following expressions with their Chinese meanings.A. electrical current ( D ) 1. 相应的汽缸相应的汽缸B. slip ring ( F ) 2. 发动机控制元件发动机控制元件C. flexible electrical wire ( A ) 3. 电流电流D. apt cylinder ( E ) 4. 滚珠轴承滚珠轴承E. ball beari

32、ng ( C ) 5. 软电线软电线F. engine control unit ( B ) 6. 滑动环滑动环II. Complete the following sentences with the words given below. Change their forms if necessary.Make Inferences generate assemble considerably vibrate loadrecharge flexible be composed of cast dump1. An automobile is composed of many different

33、 kinds of components.2. The assembly line of that factory can produce 1,000 small toys per day.3. We are available at any time of this week, because we have a flexible time schedule.4. Now feedback information from customers indicates that the system will gain considerable economic and social benefi

34、ts.5. It is impossible for a minibus to carry such a heavy load .Make Inferences 6. Engine blocks are mainly cast from gray iron or iron alloyed （使成合金） with other metals.7. Batteries of mobiles are rechargeable , thus it is comparatively energy-saving.8. New engines can generate more power than the

35、old ones.Focusing on Sentence StructureTask 4 Focusing on Sentence StructureI. Rewrite the following sentences with the same pattern as is shown in the model.1.There have been several new events that were added to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.There have been several new events adde

36、d to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.2. Five people won the “Chinas Green Figure” award, a title that was given toordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection.Five people won the “Chinas Green Figure” award, a title given to ordinary people for their contributio

37、ns to environmental protection.Focusing on Sentence Structure3. Prices of daily goods that is bought through a computer can be lower than storeprices.Prices of daily goods bought through a computer can be lower than store prices.Focusing on Sentence StructureII. Rewrite the following sentences after

38、 the model, using the word“while”.1.Some people waste food. Others havent enough.Some people waste food, while others havent enough.2. You like sports. I prefer music.You like sports, while I prefer music.3. The son was having a good meal at home. The parents were working in the fields.The son was h

39、aving a good meal at home, while the parents were working inthe f ields.TranslatingTask 5 Translate the following passage into Chinese. In the ignition system, electrical current is used for burning the mixture of air and fuel with the help of the coil, battery and spark plug. The two main functions

40、 of the automobile ignition system are to produce enough voltage so that it can easily create a spark for burning the air and fuel mixture, and secondly to exercise control over the timing of a spark and transmit it to the apt cylinder. The automobile ignition system can be further classified into t

41、hree main heads, such as the mechanical ignition system, electronic ignition system and distributorless ignition system. Most of the vehicles today incorporate the electronic ignition system in their engines. 在汽车点火系统中，在线圈、电池和火花塞的帮助下，电流被用来燃烧空气和燃油的混合物。汽车点火系统有两个主要功能：一是产生足够的电压，以便很容易产生使空气和燃油混合物燃烧的火花，二是控制

42、点火时间，并将火花传送到相应的汽缸。汽车点火系统可以进一步分为三种：机械点火系统、电子点火系统和无分电器点火系统。现在大部分车辆的发动机使用电子点火系统。Task 1 Before reading the passage, answer the following questions.1. Do you know the components of an automobile body? Can you say them inEnglish? The following picture is for your reference.2. What welding methods are gene

43、rally used in auto body manufacture? Discusshow to weld a car with your partner.Section B BodyAutomobile Body and Its Welding Skills An automobile body is a sheet metal shell with windows, doors, a hood, and a trunk deck built into it. It provides a protective covering for the engine, passengers, an

44、d cargo. The body is designed to keep passengers safe and comfortable. The body styling provides an attractive, colorful, modern appearance for the vehicle. Out of the many processes involved in auto body fabrication, welding is a crucial one. It is widely used in auto companies worldwide. The quali

45、ty of welds made on automobile body panels is important to both customers and automakers. The welding production process starts with the preparation of sub-groups these are smaller car body units such as doors, floor parts, and roofs. The ratio of automation during the production of sub-groups is ab

46、out 50%. The welding shopreceives large car body parts from the stamping shop and small car body parts fromReading Boutside suppliers. Completion of large units and of the final car body is performedby fully automated lines with high precision. The welding shop houses over two hundred robots of vari

47、ous kinds. During thewelding process, more than 2,000 welds are made on the vehicle using spot weldingand arc welding methods. Each operation is followed by fitting control, which is the checking of thewidth of welds, and reinforcement of individual parts. Parts, as well as the entirecar body, are s

48、pecially checked by 3D devices and advanced computer and scanningtechnology. The last step in the welding process is final quality control where eachand every weld, fitting, and car body surface is again checked on an individualbasis.Reading B Over the years welding technology has developed from mor

49、e conventional ones like gas, arc and resistance types to more unconventional but flexible ones like laser beam welding. Owing to the dynamic nature of the auto industry, a high degree of flexibility in manufacturing processes is always desirable. Thats why processes like laser welding have e quite

50、popular in the auto industry today.Reading B1. The quality of welds made on automobile body panels is important to boththe customer and the automaker. 车身焊接的质量无论对消费者还是生产商来说都非常重要。2. Completion of large units and of the final car body is performed by fully automated lines with high precision. 大部件和车身的焊接

51、组装由精密度极高的自动生产线完成。3. During the welding process, more than 2,000 welds are made on the vehicle using spot welding and arc welding methods. 在焊接过程中，车体要通过点焊和弧焊技术进行2,000 多处的焊接。Notes to Reading B4. Parts, as well as the entire car body, are specially checked by 3D devices and advanced computer and scannin

52、g technology. 各部件以及整个车身都要接受3D设备、先进的计算机系统以及扫描技术的特殊检测。Notes to Reading BTask 2 Read the passage and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to Reading B.Task-driven practice1. Welding is a crucial process in car body fabrication. T2. The first step of the welding pr

53、oduction process is preparing the subgroups. T3. The welding shop can house over 2,000 robots of various kinds. F4. Final quality control is the most important method to guarantee the qualityof the vehicles produced. F5. Technologies in the auto industry have developed from conventional onesto more

54、unconventional ones that are flexible. TTask 3 Vocabulary ExercisesMatch the following expressions with their Chinese meanings.A. preparation of sub-groups ( H ) 1. 激光焊接激光焊接B. ratio of automation ( B ) 2. 自动化程度自动化程度C. stamping shop ( E ) 3. 弧焊法弧焊法D. spot welding method ( C ) 4. 冲压车间冲压车间E. arc weldin

55、g method ( D ) 5. 点焊法点焊法F. fitting control ( A ) 6. 零部件的准备零部件的准备G. reinforcement of individual parts ( G ) 7. 各部件的牢固各部件的牢固H. laser beam welding ( F ) 8. 装配监控装配监控Vocabulary ExercisesII. Complete the following sentences with the words given below. Change their forms if necessary.Make Inferences weld v

56、ary conventional house reinforcedesire scan resistance flexible crucial1. The welding is so smooth that you can hardly see where the sections of pipe are joined together.2. It isnt really desirable to have him working here.3. In some cases we should abandon the conventional welding technique.4. The

57、firm has to e its resistance to new technology.5. Patience and positive reinforcement are important.Make Inferences 6. The collection is currently housed in the British Museum.7. Would you consider yourself objectively flexible or subjectively firm?8. I read some chapters and scanned the rest of the

58、 book. Finally I found theproof of the experiment.TranslatingTask 4 Translate the following sentences into English using the words or phrases given in the brackets.1. To work out a plan, one has to start with investigation（ 从调查研究入手）. (start with)2. H e was involved in this accident（ 卷入这场车祸） and was

59、injured.(involve in)3. There are just two parts out of an automobile body（ 来自车身上的）.(out of)Translating4. Everything I have discussed above is designed to help peasants（ 目的就是帮助农民）harvest more grain, plant more trees and raise more farm cattle. (bedesigned to)5. Owing to his careless driving（ 由于他驾驶疏忽）, we had a bad accident.(owing to)Section C Practical WritingTask 1 Read and understand the following sample