8下英语知识点总结

1、Unit 1 What's the matter？一、基础知识1. What s the matter？ 怎么啦？出什么事情了？What s the matter with you？= Whats the trouble with you? = What s wrong with you? 你怎么了？【注】： matter 和trouble 为名词， 其前可加the 或形容词性物主代词,wrong 是adj。 不能加the2. have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu感冒 have a fever 发烧 have a cough咳嗽 have a st

2、omachache胃疼,肚子疼 have a toothache牙疼 have a headache头疼3。 much too+ 形容词，意为 太。.。. ，too much+名词，意为 很多，大量 。4. enough【形容、副词】足够的/地，enough放在名前后，形副后。good enough足够好，enough money=much money5. lie down躺下， lie 躺，躺着，过去式lay；lie说谎，过去式lied6。 maybe “或许”,常用于句首,表示可能性，后加句子。Maybe you are right.may be,是情态动词+be的结构，意为“可能，也许&

3、quot;，后加名词、代词或形容词。He may be angry.sound like+名词代词和从句：It sounds like you don't know the truth。 It sounds like a good idea. sound+形容词，“听起来,好像”,The music sounds nice.7。 need 需要，实义动词need+名词,需要某物； need to do sth.需要做某事，主语通常是人,表示人主动的动作：You need to listen carefully during class.8。 get off (the bus) 下（公交

4、车） get on 上车11。 agree 同意，赞同； agree with sth. 同意某事 如：I agree with that idea. agree to sb. 同意某人的意见 如:I agree to LiLei.12。 trouble问题，麻烦 ；be in trouble遇到麻烦，make trouble 制造麻烦 ，have trouble （in） doing sth. =have difficulties （in） doing sth做。.。.。有麻烦。 13。 right away=right now=at once，意为 马上 .14. advice 不可数名词

5、劝告，建议，向征求意见, give sb. advice on sth。就某事给某人建议； advise 动词 advise sb。 to do sth. 建议某人做某事exercise 练习、锻炼当exercise意为“练习”时,为可数名词 即可加s当exercise意为“锻炼”时，为不可数名词 即不加s15. be used to sth。/ doing sth.习惯于、适应了、做某事,强调状态;His grandpa was used to country life。 Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning.16. run

6、out用完，用尽 When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.物sth。 run out. 某物用尽了. 人sb。 run out of sth。 人用尽了某物。He run out of all his money last night.17. risk （sb.) to do sth. 冒险去做某事 take a risk=take risks 冒险 18. the importance of （doing) sth.（做）某事的重要性 We students

7、 should know the importance of （learning) English。 importance n. 重要（性）， important adj。重要的， 19。make a decision to do sth.= decide to do sth. 。20。 be in the control of 掌管，管理 The headmaster is in the control of this new school. be out of control无法控制，无法管理 be under control被控制住，在控制之中21。mind doing sth。 介意做

8、某事 ， Would you mind my opening the window？27. give up （doing) sth。 放弃（做)某事，give up (playing） computer games;Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks1.cheer (sb.) up（让某人）变得高兴；振奋起来The good news cheered up everyone in our class.2. give out分发；散发，相当于hand out,The teacher is giving out/ handing out the t

9、est papers. give sth。 out to sb。 意为 把某物分发给某人 。3。 volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事 4. alone：独自一人的,无感情色彩：指人The musician enjoyed living alone and writing songs himself. lonely （感到）孤独寂寞的,带有很强的感情色彩，可做表语或定语。指内心孤独The lonely boy is not lonely now。5. care for sb。/sth。照顾；照料6。 such “这样的，这种,如此”,用于修饰名词 such+ a/ an+形容词

10、+单数名词：such a good day 多么美好的一天 /such an exciting match 多么 精彩的比赛 such+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词：such important decisions 多么重要的建议 such delicious food 多么美味的食物 如果名词前被many， much， few, little修饰时，只能用so，而不用such：so many sick children/ so little time7。 try out for参加选拔,争取成为try out试用,试验8。 be busy with sth。 忙于(做）什么事情 be bus

11、y doing sth. 忙于(做)什么事情 9。try doing sth. 试着去做某事 try to do sth。 尽力去做某事 try ones best (to do sth.） 尽某人最大的努力去做某事 10。be worried about sb./ sth。 = worry about sb。/ sth。 担心某人、某事 11。 have difficulty （in） doing sth。= have trouble （in） doing sth。 做某事有困难12。 fix up修理=repair Unit3 Could you please clean your roo

12、m?1.could you please take out the trash? 彼得，你能把垃圾倒了吗？Could you please do sth ?请你（做).。.。好吗？ 用于提出请求，希望得到对方的肯定回答，说话的语气比较客气委婉。Could 不是can的过去式，是委婉、礼貌的说法。回答用can。【常用答语】肯定回答：Sure./ Of course。/ Certainly。/No problem. 否定回答： Sorry ， I can't2、take out 取出（v+ adv）take out the trash 倒垃圾 take a walk 散步 take awa

13、y 拿走，取走take back 收回take place 发生 take off 脱下起飞take a walk 去散步 take a rest 休息 take care of 照顾 take off 脱下；起飞 take up 占据 take down 拿下 take one's time 不急；慢慢来 take ones temperature 量体温3。do the dishes 洗碗4.at least 至少；at most 至少，不超过5.finish doing sth 做完某事6。 For one week ， she did not do any housework

14、and neither did I. 一周的时间，她不做任何家务，我也不做。neither +助动词/系动词/情态动词 +主语 “某人（主语)也不" neither两者都不neither nor 既不也不，连接两个词做主语，谓语动词由后一个主语确定Neither Tom nor Jim is a student 表达“也不” 则用 “Neither /Nor + be / V助 / V情 + 主” The first one wasn't bad。 Neither was the second. 7。 find 用法：find found found v寻找(1) find

15、sb. doing sth 发现某人做某事 （2) find it + adj。 + to do sth 发现做某事很find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发现做某事很困难8. to ones surprise 使某人吃惊的是 in surprise 吃惊地 be surprised at 对感到吃惊9. need ，must 引导的一般疑问句肯定会的用must，否定回答用neednt Must I go there now？ Yes，you must/No， you needn't10.share 分享；共用 share sth 分享或共用某物 shar

16、e sth with sb. 与某人分享某物11。 borrow /lend/keep(1）borrow 借入 ,与from 连用，尤指主语“【借进来"】borrow sth from sb. 从某人那里借某物 You can borrow the book from the library。(2)lend 借出 ，与to 搭配 【指借出去】 lend sb sth=lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人He doesnt want to lend his book to others。 （3)keep 保留,保存（延续动词，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用）【指借一段时间】12。

17、 try v 试图,设法，努力 （1)try on 试穿(2） try to do sth 努力做某事 【侧重尽力做】 （3） try doing sth 试图做某事 【侧重尝试做】(4)try ones best to do sth= do ones best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事13 Could I ask you to help me with some chores then? 那我能请求你帮我做些杂活吗？短语含义ask sb. to do sth请某人做某事ask sb。 not to do sth不让某人做某事ask sb for sth 向某人要某物ask f

18、or help 寻求帮助14. help sb。 do sth. =help sb。 with sth。 帮助某人做某事15。Could I invite my friends to a party？ 我能邀请我的朋友们来聚会吗？（1）invite sb。 to do sth 邀请某人做某事（2)invite sb. to +地点 邀请某人去某地16。 have time =be free 有空17.a waste of 浪费 a waste of time 浪费时间18。 spend/pay/cost/take 花费(1）spendspentspent v 花费，主语是人 sb.+ spen

19、d +时间/钱+on sth sb. +spend +时间/钱+（in) doing sth(2) pay paid paid v 支付，主语是人 sb.+ pay + 钱+for sth I pay 10 yuan for the book。(3） cost cost cost v 花费，主语是某物或某事 sth cost sb。 +钱 某物花费某人多少钱（4）taketook taken v 花费It takes /took sb. some time to do sth。 做某事花费某人多长时间It takes him 3 hours to do his homework.19。 in

20、order to “目的是；为了” 后接动词原形。 in order to do sth 为了做某事20 get on well with sb。与某人相处得好21. get/go to sleep(fall asleep）入睡 相关：(be asleep睡着) be awake 醒着22。 provide v 提供 provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物provide为应急等做好准备而“提供； 供给”provide sb。 with sth。 =provide sth for sb.提供某人某物offer侧重表示“愿意给予”offer sb. sth. = offer st

21、h to sb.对某人提供某物 offer to do sth 主动提出干某事supply 定期“供应” ， 强调替代或补充所需物品Supply sb。 with sth=supply sth。 to sb。 为某人提供某物23. depend on 依靠；信赖24.keep ( on ） doing sth 继续做某事 He was in great pain but he kept on working 25. take care of 照顾= look after 26。the + 比较级， the + 比较级 “越。.。. 越.。. "Unit 4 Why dont you

22、talk to your parents？1.Why dont you talk to your parents? 你为什么不和你打父母谈谈呢？Why don't you do sth ?= Why not do sth? 为什么不.。.呢？用于提建议的句型有：（1)What about doing sth ?=How about doing sth？ .怎么样？(2)Why dont you do sth？= Why not do sth？ 为什么不呢？（3)Lets do sth.让我们一起做某事吧。（4)had better do/not do sth 最好做/不做某事（5） W

23、ill/Would you please do sth 请你做好吗？(6) Would you like to do sth? 你想去做某事吗？(7)Would you mind doing sth？你介意做某事吗？2.allow v 允许allow doing sth 允许做某事 They dont allow smoking.allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事My mother allows me to watch TV.be allowed to do sth 被允许做某事3. look through 浏览 look the same4. angry adj。 生气

24、的 angrily adv. 生气地（1）be angry with sb。 =be mad at sb。 对某人生气【with后接人】（2)be angry at/about sth对某事感到生气 【at后接事】 （3）be angry to do sth 做某事感到生气5。 although= though 尽管 ， 用来引导让步状语从句。注 ：though / although 不能与but连用6。 hope v 希望 hope to do sth I hope to visit Guilin。 hope + that 从句 (表示希望） I hope that youll be bet

25、ter soonwish v 希望 wish to do sth I wish to visit Guilin. wish sb。to do sth 希望某人做某事 I wish you to go.wish +that 从句 表示愿望， 7. work out 解决；成功地发展8。 argue 争吵argue with sb。 与某人争吵 argue with sb. about sth 为某事与某人争吵 argue about sth 争论某事argue against 争辩；反对 He argued against the plan9。 hang out 闲逛;常去某处 He likes

26、 reading and he often hangs out in the bookshop.10 refuse to do sth拒绝去做某事11。 instead 代替,反而,替 (1） instead 副词，代替，常放在句首或句尾，表示前面的事情没做,而做了后面的事情。Lee was ill so I went instead。李病了,所以我去了。 (2) instead of +n/doing 代替，而不是,放在句中instead of 为介词短语,+N./ pron。/ v-ing 12。 worry about = be worried about 为担心13。 compete

27、v竞争;对抗 competition n 竞争compete with sb. 和某人竞争compete against/ with 与竞争compete for 为参加比赛14。 in ones opinion 以某人的观点;在某人看来15. some time /sometime/some times/sometimes【口诀】:分开是一段， 合起是某时； 分开s 是倍次，合起s是有时16. typical 典型的 be typical of “是的特点”17. succeed in doing sth 18。 send sent sent v 发送send sb. sth = send

28、sth to sb. 送给某人某物19. all kinds of 各种各样的【拓展】kind （1) n 种类 kind of +adj。有点，有几分,kind of cold 有点冷 a kind of 一种的，某种的 all kinds of 各种各样的different kinds of 不同种类的 What kind of？那种 20。compare A with B 将A和B 比较 （1）comparewith 把与。做比较 （2) compareto 把。.比做21. be good for 对。有益处(反) be bad for对有害处be good at +n/doing=d

29、o well in +n/doing 擅长于做某事be good to sb. =be kind to =be friendly to sb。对某人友好22。 be crazy about 对着迷；热衷于 Im crazy about football.23。 Does Cathy Taylor think its important for kids to join afterschool activities？凯西。 泰勒认为对于孩子们而言参加课文活动重要吗？Its + adj。(easy,difficult，important，necessary） +(for sb。） to do st

30、h24. keep on doing 继续做某事 25。 so that引导的目的状语从句so that是连词，意为“为的是，以便”，引导目的状语从句。Unit5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?1. pick up 接电话pick up接电话Tom， I called you, but you didnt pick up捡起；拾起I pick up a wallet on my way home开车接某人I will pick you up at the station学到;获得He was picking up the skills

31、quickly。2. fall asleep 进入梦乡；睡着【拓展】sleep / asleep 辨析：(1） sleep =be in bed v 睡觉，指睡的动作状态，(2) get to sleep =fall asleep 入睡，强调进入睡眠的状态(3)go to bed 上床睡觉,强调睡觉的动作。3。 die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐消失3. join 加入；参加【辨析】join/join in/take part in (1) join=be a member of 参加 ,指加入某种组织，并成为其中的一员。join the army / party 入伍/ 党 join the

32、club 加入俱乐部 join in 后接活动名称 join sb。 加入到某个人群之中（2） take part in 参加 ，指加入群体活动中并在活动中发挥重要作用。4. the rest of “其余的,剩下的” ，做主语时,其谓语动词的数要与the rest of 修饰的名词一致.The rest of meat goes bad. The rest of workers are still working hard.4. remember to do sth记得去做某事(此事还未做）remember doing sth记得做过某事（此事已做完）5。 hear sb。 do sth听见

33、某人做某事； hear sb. doing sth听见某人正在做某事6。 hear about意为“听说”,=hear of，后面接词或短语。I have heard about/of the story before。 我以前就听说过这个故事。7。 trouble n 困难； 苦恼； 忧虑in trouble 处于困境中 get sb. into trouble 使某人陷入困境Whats the trouble with you ？= Whats the matter with you ？= What wrong with you ?你怎么啦？have trouble (in）doing s

34、th 做某事有麻烦Unit6 An old man tried to move the mountains。1。unless引导条件状语从句 unless = if not “除非，若不” They will go tomorrow unless it rains.= They will go tomorrow if it doesnt rains。2。 so.。.that引导结果状语从句3. take away 把带走4。(1) remind of 提醒，使记起 （2) remind sb. of sth 使某人记起某事（3) remind sb. to do sth提醒

35、某人去做某事 （4) remind sb。 + that从句5. agree with sb. 同意某人（6。 another “ 另一个； 另外的” ,指三种或三种以上的另一个. This coat is too small, please show me another one. others “另一些” , 和some对比使用时,无“其他”之意. Some students are singing ； others are dancing. the others “其余的” ， 指在一个范围内的其他全部. Lisa is taller than the others in our cla

36、ss。the other “另一个” , 指两者中的另一个。I have two sister, one is a teacher， the other is a doctor。7. neither 两者都不（反）both两者都“neither of +名词复数” 作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式8. be born 出生 通常用于一般过去时 be born in +月份/年份/ 地点 在月/年/ 地方出生 My brother was born in Hong Kong。 be born on + 具体的某天 在出生 He was born on a cold morning。9。 turn

37、into 把变成；把译成turn on 打开 could you turn on the light, please？ turn off 关掉（煤气，水，电，收音机，电视机等） turn down关小 10。 be / become interested in+doing 对感兴趣 11. fit 适合,合身suit 合适侧重指颜色、款式或时间，食物、状况等适合fit适合侧重指大小、尺寸合体。12. a couple of 两三个 13. get married 结婚 to sb.14. make a plan for 为制定计划 plan to do sth 计划做某事= plan on d

38、oing sth 15. lead 带路；领路 lead to 导致.。， 通向。.。 All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马. lead sb. to do sth 带领某人做某事Unit 7 Whats the highest mountain in the world?1。The elephant weights many times more than this panda. 这头大象的重量是这只熊猫的很多倍weigh v 称的重量 weight n 重量time “是.。.的几倍”主语 + 数词 + times + as +形容词+ as +被比较的内容 Ou

39、r new school is four times as big as the old one。 “次数” 一次 once 两次 twice 三次及三次以上 ：基数词 + times three times 三次 three or four times 三到四次2. at birth 出生时 give birth （ to sb/ sth） 生孩子；产仔3. the other 其他的 （指两个事物或两个人中的“另一个”， 后接名词时，表示“其他的人或物”；One。.。 The other 。. (两者中)一个.。.， 另一个。.。.。.。.the others=the other +复数名

40、词the other的复数形式是the others “其他东西，其余的人”.特指某一范围内的“其他的(人或物）"。some. others一些，另一些Some boys are reading; others are listening to the radio。 有些孩子在阅读，有些则在听收音机.less是little（小；少）的比较级： He spends less time （in） doing experiments. 他做实验花时间较少。“less+形容词或副词”构成劣等比较，作“较不”，“更不”解。 It is less cold than it was yesterd

41、ay。 天气不如昨天那样冷。【拓展】not less than + 基数词表示”不下于；至少；不止”no less than + 基数词表示”达。.。之多（言其多）" There are not less than 40 students in this class。 这个班级至少有40个学生。 4。 preparefor 为准备1）. prepare sth。表示"准备.。.",后接名词或代词作宾语。Our English teacher was preparing the lessons when I came into the office.我进办公室时，我

42、们的英语老师在备课。2). prepare to do sth.表示"准备做。".They were preparing to cross the river when it began to rain. 他们正准备过河,突然下雨了.3). prepare for sth.表示"为.。.做准备”.5.die from 死于 die v“死"表示生命的结束 dead adj 死的death n 死亡 常用短语 die from + 外因 “死于”，主要指事故等方面的外部原因。die from a traffic accident 死于交通事故 The ol

43、d man died from a car accident last year. 这个老人去年死于一场车祸die of + 内因 主要指疾病、衰老、情感等自身原因。6 fall down 跌倒7。 be excited about 对感到激动 to ones excitement 使某人兴奋的是8. spend (in) doing 花时间做某事9。 less是little（小;少）的比较级： He spends less time （in) doing experiments。 他做实验花时间较少.“less+形容词或副词”构成劣等比较，作“较不”，“更不”解。 It is less co

44、ld than it was yesterday. 天气不如昨天那样冷。【拓展】not less than + 基数词表示”不下于；至少；不止"no less than + 基数词表示”达.。.之多(言其多）” There are not less than 40 students in this class. 这个班级至少有40个学生。 10。 二、不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldold / elderold /eldestbad/badly/illworseworstfarFat

45、herfarthest /furthestUnit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet？1. have a fight with 和。.。.打了一架2. abroad 用法:表示到（在)国外，是一个副词，前面不加介词。go abroad 出国 live abroad 住在国外 at home and abroad 在国内外3。 on the radio 在收音机里;通过无线广播 介词on 表示 “ 以.。.。方式”4. ever since 自从以来ever since 自从以ever since 作连词时=since， ever起强调作用 ,主句

46、常用现在完成时.I havent heard from him since last year。 =I havent heard from him ever since last year.5. Sth belongs to sb = sth is sb's The yellow car belongs to Mr. Smith = The yellow car is Mr。 Smiths.6. be kind to 对友好= be friendly to kind of “有点儿，有几分"相当于a little 或a bit a kind of “一种” all kinds of “各种各