高中生物实验知识点汇总

1、一容器与耗材（vessel（容器、船舶、血管） & consumable material）量杯 measuring cup 量筒 measuring flask/measuring cylinder烧杯 beaker 烧瓶 flask 搅拌棒stirring rod 玻棒 glass rod容量瓶 volumetric flask/measuring flask 锥形瓶 conical flask试管 test tube 试管架 test tube holder/rack 试管刷test-tube brush试剂瓶 reagent bottles 广口瓶 wide-mouth bot

2、tle 细口瓶 narrow-mouth bottle 小瓶 vial 洗瓶 plastic wash bottle 洗耳球 rubber suction bulb小滴管 dropper 玻璃活塞 stopcock 塞子 stopper/plug比色皿cuvette 培养皿 culture dish漏斗 funnel 漏斗架cast-iron ring酒精灯alcohol burner 酒精喷灯blast alcohol burner 铁架台iron support坩埚 crucible 坩埚钳 crucible clamp蒸馏装置distilling apparatus 水浴锅water b

3、ath kettle真空泵vacuum pump橡胶管rubber tubing 止水夹flatjaw pinchcock 万能夹extension clamp移液管 (one-mark) pipette 吸液管/移液枪 pipette 移液枪枪头 pipette tips离心管Centrifuge tube 微量离心管（EP管）Eppendorf tube离心机转子 rotor电泳槽Gel tank 电线Electrical leads 电泳用的梳子Comb搅拌装置 stirring device 研磨钵 mortar 研杵pestle 托盘Tray 称量纸weighing paper 药匙

4、lab spoon载玻片Slide glass 盖玻片Cover glass滤纸 filter paper 滤器 filter pH试纸 universal ph indicator paper电极electrode 阳极,正极anode 极,负极cathode水银温度计mercury-filled thermometer剃刀刀片razor blade 手术刀scalpel垃圾袋disposable bag 垃圾桶garbage bin 桶 bucket 橡皮筋 rubber band 牙签Toothpick 保鲜膜preservative film 口罩respirator石蜡封口

5、膜Parafilm 鱼缸aquarium 铝箔aluminium foil螺丝钉Screw 锁紧螺母Nut, Cap nut 钉Nail 镊子forceps 剪刀scissor扳手Shifting spanner 灯泡Globe 复印纸Copy paper 复写纸Carbon paper 擦镜纸wiper for lens计时器Timer 闹钟Alarm clock 记号笔 marker pen 圆珠笔芯RefillU形钉/订书钉Staple 订书机Stapler 衣服挂钩Coat hanger 打孔器stopper borer 注射器 syringe 注射器活塞 plunger 三

6、仪器 （apparatus）恒温循环仪Thermostatic circulator  (circulate circulation)磁力搅拌器magnetic stirrer 离心机 centrifuge 涡旋振荡器Vortexing machine电子显微镜Electro Microscope光学显微镜Optical Microscope倒置显微镜Inverted Microscope解剖镜anatomical lens电泳仪Electrophoresis System电泳电源Electrophoresis power supply凝胶系统Gel system 酶标仪E

7、LIASA恒流泵constant flow pump PCR仪Instrument for Polymerase Chain Reaction核磁共振波谱仪Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer摇床Shaker紫外-可见光分光光度计UV-Visible Spectrophotometer（分光仪vs分光光度仪）超滤器Ultrahigh Purity Filter超低温冰箱Ultra-low Temperature Freezer超声破碎仪Ultrasonic Cell Disruptor（ultrasonic 超声的，disrupt破坏 分裂的）紫外照明

8、Ultraviolet illumination 紫外观察灯Ultraviolet Lamp/Light烘箱oven   微波炉microwave oven 电磁炉electromagnetic oven电子天平Electronic balance 天平 balance/scale 分析天平 analytical balance 台秤 platform balance (cm centimeter) 转接器/适配器Adapter 封口设备Sealing equipment 复印机Duplicator, copying machine 超净工作台super clean ben

9、ch 药柜Cupboard 通风橱 fume cupboard培养箱incubator CO2培养箱CO2 Incubators空调机Air conditioner pH计 pH meter 计算器 calculator/numerator四化学试剂（reagent）3、其他化学试剂HCL盐酸hydrochloric acid 氢氧化钠NaOH sodium hydrate/hydroxide无水乙醇absolute ethanol 氯仿Chloroform冰醋酸glacial acetic acid氯化钠Sodium chloride 生理盐水physiological saline蒸馏水d

10、istilled water 蔗糖溶液sucrose solution 碘液iodine solution斐林试剂Fehling reagent 双缩脲试剂biuret reagent 苏丹sudanIII 甲基绿methyl green 吡罗红pyronin龙胆紫溶液gentian violet solution健那绿染液Janus green B 酚酞phenothalin 溴麝香草酚蓝水溶液Bromide blue water solution 碳酸钙CaCO3 calcium carbonate 二氧化硅SiO2 Silicon dioxide 过氧化氢H2O2 hydrogen pe

11、roxide 过氧化氢酶catalase FeCl3溶液琼脂Agar 胰蛋白胨Tryptone 酵母提取物yeast extract色素Pigment：胡萝卜素carotene、叶黄素lutein、叶绿素a chlorophyll a、叶绿素b chlorophyll b 重铬酸钾溶液Potassium dichromate solution氯化钙 Calcium chloride高锰酸钾potassium hypermanganate甲醇 methanol（methyl alcohol）洗涤剂detergent CuSO4溶液CuSO4 solution Cu(OH)2溶液Cu(O

12、H)2 solution阴离子anion 阳离子cation二实验操作（manipulation）：丢弃 discard 转移容器 decant冷却 chill down吸出 aspirate吹吸 blowing and suction离心收集 pellet重悬 resuspend沉淀precipitate沉淀物Sediment絮状沉淀 flocculent precipitate浑浊的 turbid燃烧combustion烘 bake灭菌 sterilize培养 foster通风 ventilate漂洗rinse中和neutralize稀释 dilute洗脱 elute蒸馏distil/di

13、still 脱水dehydrate水解hydrolysis分解dissolution裂解物Lysate搅拌Stir/agitate 溶解 dissolve上清 Supernatant研磨 grind破碎 crush过滤 filtrate电泳 Electrophoresis色谱chromatograph催化剂catalyst催化作用catalysis涡旋震荡Vortex抽滤suction filtration电转化electrotrans formation收菌 harvest发酵fermentation接种inoculate孵育 incubate切碎 chop/mince灌

14、注perfusion浆液slurry四化学试剂（reagent）3、其他化学试剂肝素heparin二甲苯Xylene冰乙酸Acetic acid glacial 硼酸Boric acid (H3BO3,61.83)  巯基乙醇 mercaptoethanol咪唑 Imidazole盐酸胍guanidine hydrochloride乙酸钠Sodium acetate十二烷基磺酸钠Sodium dodecyl sulphate两性霉素amphotericin氨苄Ampicillin 卡那霉素 Kanamycin醋酸钾Potassium acetate异丙醇

15、Isopropanol醋酸铵Ammonium acetate异戊醇Isoamyl alcohol考马斯亮蓝 Coomassie brilliant blue液氮liquid nitrogen次氯酸钠clorox苯酚phenol碱性 alkalinity2、核苷酸腺苷adenosine鸟嘌呤核苷guanosine胞苷cytidine胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷thymidine尿嘧啶核苷uridine 脱氧deoxy- 1、氨基酸丙氨酸alanine (Ala, A) 缬氨酸valine (Val, V)亮氨酸leucine (Leu, L)  异亮氨酸isoleuc

16、ine (Ile,I) 脯氨酸proline (Pro, P) 苯丙氨酸phenylalanine (Phe, F)色氨酸tryptophan (Trp, W)蛋氨酸methionine (Met, M)甘氨酸glycine (Gly, G)丝氨酸serine (Ser, S)苏氨酸threonine (Thr, T)半胱氨酸cysteine (Cys, C)酪氨酸tyrosine (Tyr, Y)天冬氨酸asparagines (Asn, N) 谷氨酰胺glutamine (Gln, Q)赖氨酸lysine (Lys, K)精氨酸arginine (Arg, R

17、) 组氨酸histidine (His, H) 天冬氨酸aspartic acid (Asp, D) 谷氨酸glutamic acid (Glu, E) Malvern College Qingdao, the first international high school for Chinese nationals is authorised by a leading British boarding school and approved by the Chinese Education Department.The core management

18、team of Malvern College Qingdao consists of graduates from Harvard and Oxford University, who have considerable experience of working in leading multi-national organizations. Inheriting the ethos of Malvern College while adapting to the needs of students in China, Malvern College Qingdao strives to

19、provide a forward-looking educational approach， suitable for developing leaders for the 21st century. With this vision, we offer a high-quality personalized, holistic and international education at post-13 level.Malvern College Qingdao is situated in a beautiful 50-acre campus just outside the city

20、of Qingdao, close to the scenic Lao Mountain area, and is equipped with some of the best educational facilities in Shandong. Adopting the best educational practices of British boarding schools, including personalized learning and small class sizes, our experienced expatriate teachers will help stude

21、nts gradually adapt to a Western-style learning environment, and achieve the best results possible given each students talents and abilities in their chosen examinations. Our carefully designed co-curricular, pastoral care and leadership development programs will develop students into well-rounded i

22、ndividuals, and prepare them not only for entry into leading universities worldwide, but also prepare them for their future careers.Welcome to Malvern College Qingdao! As the Headmaster of Malvern College in the UK, it is

23、0;my pleasure to have the opportunity to speak to you and to share my belief in the holistic education that Malvern College Qingdao will provide to some of the&

24、#160;brightest students in China.Malvern College has 150 years of history and is regarded as one of the best independent schools in the UK. Our mission at Malvern is

25、 to provide the best possible education to our students, helping them to develop into the leaders of the future. We believe that our students not only have to&#

26、160;be very strong academically, but they also have to be well-rounded individuals with strong critical thinking, communicative,leadership and teamwork skills and a good understanding&#

27、160;of other cultures. Over the years, these core values that we have developed have helped us nurture Prime Ministers and Nobel Laureates as well as many others who

28、 have excelled in sport, business and the arts. We are very excited now that we have the opportunity to share these values and our ethos with Chinese students&#

29、160;who will be studying at Malvern College Qingdao.Chinese students are some of brightest in the world, with a robust work ethic and strong academic ability. Students at

30、 Malvern College Qingdao will follow the UK A-level curriculum to ensure that they have the academic capability and qualifications to succeed at leading universities around

31、60;the world. However, success at university and beyond does not come from the classroom alone, and we believe very strongly in developing our students further through th

32、e provision of a carefully designed co-curricular system and comprehensive pastoral care. At Malvern College Qingdao, students will be able to experience a wide variety of

33、0;activities outside the classroom, from team sports such as football, to creative activities such as drama, music, debating,and many others. These co-curricular activities will he

34、lp develop studentsconfidence, teamwork and communication skills. Students will also benefit from our leadership diploma, which encourages initiative both within the school environment 

35、and in the local community.Comprehensive pastoral care encompassing a full boarding experience is a vital component of the Malvern ethos. Malvern College Qingdaos boarding and 

36、;personal tutor systems will reflect those of Malvern College in the UK, and will provide a safe, stimulating environment in which students can thrive and develop to 

37、;become well-mannered, culturally-aware young adults.Every school needs to support its students in applying for universities of their choice and each year, many students from Malve

38、rn College are admitted to leading universities worldwide, including Oxford, Cambridge and American Ivy League universities such as Yale and Cornell. We will work closely with

39、 the Oxford and Harvard educated Principals of Malvern College Qingdao to provide expert personal advice to students regarding their university applications and their longer t

40、erm career planning.Together with the Principals and Director of Malvern College Qingdao, we are committed to providing a top-class education for students of Malvern College Q

41、ingdao. We will be conducting a thorough and rigorous annual quality assessment of all aspects of the schools operations to ensure that they meet the high standards 

42、of Malvern College in the UK. We are and will continue to be involved in teacher recruitment to assist Malvern College Qingdao in selecting and recruiting some of

43、60;the best teachers from the UK and other countries. Many of our systems, policies and procedures will befully utilized at Malvern College Qingdao to enable students to&

44、#160;benefit from anauthentic Malvern experience, and my key staff and I will be visiting the school on a regular basis to meet the students.We are tremendously excited&#

45、160;about Malvern College Qingdao. By bringing 150 years of tradition and ethos from Malvern College in the UK to China, we are creating a school which will truly

46、60;help develop Chinese students into holistic leaders in the future.Our Mission Identify and develop students potential through state of the art education methodologies and learning tools, and inspire them to create a sustainable future Provide holistic

47、education, developing students knowledge, independent thinking, leadership, global understanding and ethics Offer a safe, fun, and innovative learning and working environment for our students and staffMrs.Crozier graduated from the highly respected Liverpool, John Moores University where she receive

48、d her Bsc. Hons. At the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, she was awarded her MSc. She received her PGDE from Wolverhampton  University.She has spent more than 15 years of her teaching career in the UK where she has worked in a wide variety of schools. S

49、he has also taught abroad for the past four years.When she learned that she had the opportunity to work at MCQ, she looked forward to a wonderful teaching experience. She believes that boarding school life is great for character building because the students have an opportunity to be independent in

50、a safe and nurturing environment. When asked why she chose MCQ in particular she responded very enthusiastically:“Everybody in the UK has heard of Malvern College in England and I think its fantastic to have the same high standards of academic excellence in a boarding school in China. In i

51、ts relatively short history, MCQ is gaining a reputation for hard work and striving for the very best from its students. I wish I had attended a boarding school because there is a strong sense of team spirit amongst the staff and students. Our students are very ambitious and I will do my absolute be

52、st to ensure that they go to university.”She believes that science is very important in the modern world because knowing how the natural world works can create a sense of wonder in our students which will motivate them to think scientifically and so create both enquiring and critical minds. When ask

53、ed how she would promote science at MCQ, she conclude demphatically:“The science facilities at MCQ are first rate and I am honoured to work amongst a team of dedicated professionals who are passionate about promoting science. I want my students to fully embrace the scientific method by combinin

54、g scientific theory with disciplined and well organized experimentation. For me, science is about understanding the intricate workings of the natural world and developing a powerful and critical intellect. When my students leave my lesson with a sense of wonder and excitement, I know that I hav

55、e made science an important part of their lives.”Charting the FutureCareersMalvern College Qingdao careers counseling involves Academic teaching and Careers. The school will provide university counseling for every different grade of student, and strive to help students maximize their own initiative,

56、 enabling them to enter into the most suitable university after they graduate.Department cooperationMalvern College Qingdao has a specialized careers team to provide students with a wealth of universities information and professional advice. In addition to arranging university visits and keeping clo

57、se contact with different embassies, the Careers department also arrange one-on-one meeting with students and parents in order to provide personalized careers guidance. After students enter L6 level, they will have Sixth Form tutors who are familiar with university application. The tutors will coach

58、 students on their university selection, personal statement and provide reference letter.Corresponding work arrangement for different gradesFor the lower form students, the careers advisory focuses on activities planning. Its objectives are to help the students choose the right extra-curricular acti

59、vities according to their strengths and interests so as to improve their abilities and prepare for future university applications. When they advance along the forms, we will arrange a professional career test and interview for students to determine the direction of their future studies. For the uppe

60、r form students, they will be involved in different entrance exams and application processes. During the entire stage of the application, our school will have the regular training and parents meetings to ensure students are well prepared.Full Support from Malvern CollegeMalvern College Qingdao can f

61、ully leverage the resources of British and US top universities connections long established with Malvern College. It also provides better guidance and advice for our students to ensure they can enter the desired universities after they graduate.Diverse choices for overseas studiesA-levels are highly

62、 regarded internationally. In addition to the UK universities, students can also apply to universities in America, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, and Hong Kong. Our careers team will help students choose the most appropriate universities according to their interests and capabilities.Curr

63、iculumMalvern College Qingdao offers IGCSE and A-levels. All lessons are taught by expert teachers in English in a small class size. After three years of study, students can advance their studies in universities in the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and other Engli

64、sh speaking countries. In general, junior high school graduates can complete these courses in 3 years, Younger students can apply for lower grades such as Lower 5th and Foundation Year. Students need to take entrance examinations before entering our school and we will arrange the corresponding grade

65、 according to student's examination results.IGCSE, the International General Certificate of Secondary Education , is a foundation course before A-level. This course is suitable for students who graduate from junior high school. Excellent students can complete the course in one year. Students nee

66、d to choose 5-8 courses for examination. Generally, exams will be taken in May or June, with results from A * to UA-level, the General Certificate of Education Advanced level, is a British national education curriculum preparing students for universities. In Lower Sixth (AS), students take 4 subject

67、s and corresponding AS exams, while receiving IELTS, TOEFL and SAT training. In Upper Sixth (A2), based on students AS result, students continue to study 3 or 4A-Level courses for university application.Curriculum outline：GradeCurriculumYear 10Lower FifthIGCSE Year OneIGCSE subjects:English, Mathema

68、tics, Physics, Chemistry, Business,Biology, Geography, Art, Chinese, Design and TechnologyYear 11Upper FifthIGCSE Year TwoIGCSE subjects:English, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Business,Biology, Geography, Art, Chinese, PEYear 12Lower SixthAS-LevelAS subjects (choose 4 subjects from the following) :English Literature, Mathematics, Further Mathematics,Physics, Chemistry, Biology,