双孢蘑菇的堆料(发酵)过程-中英版

1、 Composting (Fermentation) process for Agaricus Mushrooms双孢蘑菇的堆料（发酵）过程双孢蘑菇的堆料（发酵）过程Jos Buth Mushroom Advice Network蘑菇服务网络Holland荷兰Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industrySome of the keys for good results获得良好结果的一些关键点获得良好结果的一些关键点 A good composting process start with a good

2、pre wetting from good raw materials 良好的堆料过程以优质原料以及良好的预湿为开始After pre wetting is mixing very important 预湿之后的混合十分重要A good aeration in all moments of the process! 整个过程的任何时刻都要有良好的通风！Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industry What is really good mixing?什么是真正的良好混合？什么是真正的良好混合？Even

3、flow from raw materials mixing together 首先开始于原料的充分混合Optimal phase I process start with mixing, mixing, mixing 最佳的一次发酵以充分的混合为开始Mixing dont attack the structure too much during the first stage of phase I 在一次发酵的第一阶段，混合过程不能破坏原料的结构Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industry Mixin

4、g of chicken manure混合鸡粪混合鸡粪Chicken manure has to be fine and less than 40% moister for a good mixing quality 鸡粪颗粒必须细小，且为保证良好的混合质量，湿度不得低于40%Take care with water and chicken manure 注意水与鸡粪的比例All chicken manure in the first mixing? 在第一次混合时便加入所有的鸡粪？Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushr

5、oom industryWork with fine chicken manure处理细小的鸡粪处理细小的鸡粪Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industryWork with fine chicken manure处理细小的鸡粪处理细小的鸡粪Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industryDSCF0240.JPGRaw material mixing systems原料混合系统原料混合系统 Simple and che

6、ap (Third world countries) 简单且便宜（第三世界国家）Hopper with conveyer belt plus spinner 带有传送带与旋床的料斗Mixing lines (Expensive but high capacity) 混合流水线（价格昂贵但是容量大）Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industryMixing systems混合系统混合系统 Simple, cheap and good mixing简单，便宜，良好混合简单，便宜，良好混合Cheap way o

7、f filling in Bunkers Brazil一种在料仓中填料的廉价方式，巴西一种在料仓中填料的廉价方式，巴西Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industryMixing systems混合系统混合系统 Pannell mixing machine USA美国美国Pannell 混合机器混合机器 Mixing the raw material sandwich混合原料混合原料（层层堆料，不同层堆放不同的原料）（层层堆料，不同层堆放不同的原料）Mushroom Advice NetworkTraini

8、ng and Advice for the mushroom industryModern mixing systems 现代混合系统现代混合系统 Part of modern mixing line Ontario Canada现代混合流水线的一部分，加现代混合流水线的一部分，加拿大安大略拿大安大略Bale cutting line (Ontario)捆扎切割流水线（安大略）捆扎切割流水线（安大略）Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industryModern mixing line现代混合流水线现代混合流

9、水线 Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industryMixing line (USA)混合流水线（美国）混合流水线（美国） Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industryTurner (USA) 翻料机（美国）翻料机（美国） Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industry Inside a turner翻料机内部翻料机内部 Dr

10、um圆桶圆桶Spinner after the drum圆桶后的旋床圆桶后的旋床Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industry Spinners are necessary旋床是必需的旋床是必需的What is a spinner? 什么是旋床？What is a good spinner?什么是好的旋床？ Frequency drivers on spinners旋床上的频率驱动器 Possibility to take the spinner out by short structure 通过短结构而

11、将旋床带出的可能性 Right teeths正确的齿轮Good mixing start with spinners 良好的混合以旋床为开始Are more spinners necessary? 需要更多的旋床吗？Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industry Influence of spinners!旋床的影响旋床的影响 Spinners on the right place在正确位置的旋床在正确位置的旋床Spinner axe旋转斧旋转斧Mushroom Advice NetworkTrainin

12、g and Advice for the mushroom industry Incubation results培养结果培养结果 Nice incubation after good mixing of raw materials原料良好混合之后菌丝良好原料良好混合之后菌丝良好的生长状态的生长状态Bad incubation, bad mixing of raw materials could be the reason菌丝长势不良，原因可能是菌丝长势不良，原因可能是原料没有进行良好混合原料没有进行良好混合Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice

13、for the mushroom industryGood results only possible by a good phase I process 只有一次发酵进行良好才能种出优质只有一次发酵进行良好才能种出优质菇菇 Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industry Mixing Influence by filling填料对混合造成的影响填料对混合造成的影响Overhead filler = raw mixing system 高架填料器=原料混合系统Bring ends of bunkers e

14、n ricks over the rest of the compost 料仓两端的堆料与其他部分的堆料不同Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industryMixing influence during filling填料对混合造成的影响填料对混合造成的影响Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industry Water management浇水浇水Water never or very less during mixing

15、 chicken manure 在混合鸡粪时候从不或很少浇水Watering in combination with spinners is always better 浇水时结合旋床，效果会更好Water not too much in one move after the pre wet time 在预湿之后不要浇太多水Water / structure / aeration 水/结构/通风Water / anaerobe compost 水/厌氧堆料Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industry M

16、ake extra attention for good water management 要额外注意浇水管理要额外注意浇水管理Even with Turners you need extra attention 即使有翻料机也即使有翻料机也需额外注意需额外注意Overhead filler = raw mixing systemOptimal water systems necessary最佳注水系统是必需的最佳注水系统是必需的Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industryWhat is ferment

17、ation? 什么是发酵？什么是发酵？ Breakdown from organic raw materials 分解自有机原料Biologic and chemical process 生物和化学过程Preparing of a food bottom for Mushrooms 为蘑菇生长建立营养基础Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industry Developing during fermentation发酵进程发酵进程Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advi

18、ce for the mushroom industry新鲜秸秆新鲜秸秆湿润之后湿润之后 混合鸡粪之后混合鸡粪之后填入料仓后填入料仓后填入料仓填入料仓4天天后的变化后的变化填入料仓填入料仓8天后天后 What needs a good fermentation processafter a good pre wetting and perfect mixing?进行良好的预湿和混合之后，良好的发酵过程需要进行良好的预湿和混合之后，良好的发酵过程需要什么？什么？Optimal filling quality 最佳的填料质量Balance between water, dry org matter

19、 and oxygen 平衡水、干物质与氧气间比例Enough Oxygen 充足的氧气Compost temperature fast to 80 Degrees and higher 堆料温度需快速升温至80度甚至更高Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industry What needs a good fermentation process?良好的发酵过程需要什么？良好的发酵过程需要什么？Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushro

20、om industryFermentation systems 发酵系统发酵系统Tunnels (Close system) 隧道（封闭系统）Bunkers (Open and close systems) 料仓（开放与封闭系统）(What is) indoor? （什么是）室内？Outdoor 户外Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industryFermentation systems 发酵系统发酵系统 Phase I in Tunnels (CNC Holland)一次发酸隧道（荷兰计算机一次发酸隧道（

21、荷兰计算机数控）数控）Bunker system (Denmark)料仓系统（丹麦）料仓系统（丹麦）Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industryFermentation systems发酵系统发酵系统Spigot floor Tunnels 通风嘴地板隧道通风嘴地板隧道Open tunnel floor 开放式隧道地板开放式隧道地板Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industryFermentation system

22、s发酵系统发酵系统 Indoor facility CNC Holland荷兰荷兰CNC公司室内设施公司室内设施Capacity 8000 ton phase III compost / week每周生产每周生产8000吨三次发酵堆肥吨三次发酵堆肥Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industryOutdoor facility in the USA户外设施，美国户外设施，美国In the USA is odor still not a problem 在美国，臭味仍旧是个问题在美国，臭味仍旧是个问题Mush

23、room Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industryFermentation systems发酵系统发酵系统 Filling systems 填料系统填料系统Filling conveyers填料输送带填料输送带Filling cassette with conveyer belt system装配传送带的填装配传送带的填料系统料系统Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industryFilling systems填料系统填料系统 Ov

24、erhead filling system高架填料系统高架填料系统Bunker filler (Hopper with conveyer belt)料仓填料器（含传送带式料斗）料仓填料器（含传送带式料斗）Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industry Controlling systems in Bunkers料仓中的控制系统料仓中的控制系统Complete computer controlled完全电脑控制 aeration depend of compost temperatures根据堆料温度进行通

25、风 aeration with oxygen measuring influence利用氧气测定感应进行通风Stop and go timer 时间控制器 too much manual controlling太多人工控制Frequency drivers频率驱动器Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industryWhat on the end of the Bunkers process? 料仓中的料仓中的 最终操作？最终操作？More aeration the last hours in Bunkers by high Ammonia 料仓中发酵产生大量氨气，最后几个小时需要更多的通风How you empty? 怎样排空？ Loaders with closed buckets铲斗封闭的装载机 Loaders with teeth buckets铲斗带齿的