专四语法虚拟语气

1、英语专业四级考试语法系列TEM4九大常考语法点：九大常考语法点：1. 1. 虚拟语气虚拟语气2. 2. 非谓语动词非谓语动词3. 3. 定语从句定语从句4. 4. 状语从句状语从句5. 5. 名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）6. 6. 情态动词情态动词7. 7. 反义疑问句反义疑问句8. 8. 时态时态9. 9. 一些特定功能词汇的用法（一些特定功能词汇的用法（much, more, such, much, more, such, anything but, enoughanything but, enough等）等）2虚拟语气虚拟语气S

2、ubjunctive Mood3虚拟语气概要：虚拟语气概要：1.1.现代英语中有三种语气：现代英语中有三种语气：1）陈述语气（indicative mood）2）祈使语气（imperative mood）3）虚拟语气（subjunctive mood）2.定义：用来表示说的话定义：用来表示说的话不是事实不是事实，或者是或者是不可不可能发生能发生或可能性比较小可能性比较小的情况，而是一种愿望，的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。43.专业四级考试语法与词汇部分每年至少有一道相关试题涉及虚拟语气，平均下来达到每年1-2题，总计有24题。51. If I h

3、ad HIV, I would know because I would feel sick.2. If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug.3. If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made a mistake.4. If he had been there, it wouldnt have happened.与现在事实相反与过去事实相反看例句，总结虚拟语气结构看例句，总结虚拟语气结构5. If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldnt go for an

4、outing.6. I think we could do it, if we planned it properly.7. If we were to have three days off , we would enjoy a very happy life.与未来事实相反虚拟条件句结构表虚拟条件句结构表8一一.考点分类考点分类 - 从句从句省略连词省略连词if的虚拟语气的虚拟语气真题举例及分析真题举例及分析例例1: Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she_ much better results now.（2008:52）A.

5、would be gettingB. could have gotC. must get D. would getB注：注：省略省略if倒装，时态用过去完成时；主句的时间副倒装，时态用过去完成时；主句的时间副词是词是now， 但是事实上该考试成绩已经出来了，但是事实上该考试成绩已经出来了，所以用所以用B。9一一. 考点分类考点分类 - 从句省略连词从句省略连词if的虚拟语气的虚拟语气真题举例及分析真题举例及分析例例2: _ you _ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice. （2005：63）A.

6、If, had B. Have, hadC. Should, have D. in case, hadC10一一. 考点分类考点分类 - 从句从句省略连词省略连词if的虚拟语气的虚拟语气1. be动词动词were提到从句主语的前面。提到从句主语的前面。Were I you, I would take an umbrella with me. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened，should there be a sudden loud noise.11一一. 考点分类考点分类 - 从句从句省略连词

7、省略连词if的虚拟语气的虚拟语气2动词动词should / had提到从句主语的前面。提到从句主语的前面。Should I have time, I would call her.Had I known it, I have told youHad the damage been worse，the insurance company would have paid more.12一一. 考点分类考点分类 - 从句省略连词从句省略连词if的虚拟语气的虚拟语气练习：练习：1: _ right now, she would get there on Sunday A. Would she leav

8、eB. If she leavesC. Were she to leave D. If she had leftC132: _ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party A. Had they arrivedB. Would they arriveC. Were they arriving D. Were they to arriveD14二二. 考点分类考点分类 - 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气与过去事实相反的虚拟语气真题举例及分析真题举例及分析例例1：If you expla

9、ined the situation to your solicitor, he _ able to advise you much better than I can.（2005:51）A. would beB. will have beenC. was D. wereA15例例2：If only the patient_ a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.（2007:54）A. had received B. received C.should receiv

10、e D.were receivingA二二. 考点分类考点分类 - 与与过去事实相反过去事实相反的虚拟语气的虚拟语气结构：结构：17二二. 考点分类考点分类 - 与与过去事实相反过去事实相反的虚拟语气的虚拟语气Examples:u If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train. u If I hadnt taken your advice, I would have made a bad mistake. u She would have come, if she hadnt been so busy. 18二二.

11、考点分类考点分类 - 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气与过去事实相反的虚拟语气练习：练习：1.All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _ quite such a crowd of people there.A. werent B. hasnt beenC. hadnt beenD. wouldnt beenC19二二. 考点分类考点分类 - 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气与过去事实相反的虚拟语气【补充】【补充】混合虚拟式混合虚拟式，或交错虚拟式：有时，从句，或交错虚拟式：有时，从句的动词所表示的动作和主句的动词所表示的动作的动词所

12、表示的动作和主句的动词所表示的动作不一致，这时就要使用混合虚拟式。不一致，这时就要使用混合虚拟式。* If I had taken my raincoat when I came out this morning, I would not be wet now. * If I were you, I wouldnt have missed the film last night. 20三三. 考点分类考点分类 - It is (high, about, the) time真题举例及分析真题举例及分析例例1：-“What courses are you going to do next seme

13、ster?” -“I dont know. But its about time _ on something.”（2002：51）A. Id decide B. I decidedC. I decide D. Im deciding21例例2：That was not the first time he _ us. I think its high time we _ strong actions against him. (2005：60)A. betrayed；take B. had betrayed；tookC. has betrayed；took D. has betrayed；ta

14、keB注意：当句子里面有序数词（注意：当句子里面有序数词（first/second/third.）,副词副词only或最高级或最高级best/worst/most的时候，后面的定语从句要用完的时候，后面的定语从句要用完成时态。如，成时态。如，This is one of the most interesting books Ive ever read.22三三. 考点分类考点分类 - 结构结构“It is (high, about, the) time.”中的虚拟语气中的虚拟语气 在句型在句型“It is (high, about, the) time.”虚拟语气虚拟语气中的谓语动词通常用中的

15、谓语动词通常用过去式过去式或者或者should +V.指现在或将来的情况，表示指现在或将来的情况，表示“早该做某事了早该做某事了”。23三三. 考点分类考点分类 - 结构结构“It is (high, about, the) time.”中的虚拟语气中的虚拟语气Its the time the children learned how to behave properly.Its about time people took notice of what women did during the war.24练习练习：1. Its high time we _ cutting down the

16、 rainforests. A. stopped B. had to stopC. shall stopD. stopA25真题举例及分析真题举例及分析例例1： It is imperative that students _ their term papers on time. (2004:46)A. hand in B. would hand in C. have to hand inD. handed inA四四. 考点分类考点分类 - 几种常用几种常用“（should）+动动词原形词原形”表示虚拟语气的结构表示虚拟语气的结构26例例2： Which of the following s

17、entence contains subjunctive mood. (2013:54)A. Lucy insisted that her son get home before 5 oclock. B. She used to drive to work, but now she takes the city metro.C. Walk straight ahead, and dont turn till the second traffic lights.D. Paul will cancel his flight if he cannot get his visa by Friday.A

18、271 1表示主观判断、推测和表示表示主观判断、推测和表示命令、决定、要求、建命令、决定、要求、建议议之类的词的相关从句中。之类的词的相关从句中。一个坚持：一个坚持：insistinsist两个命令：两个命令：order, command order, command 三个建议：三个建议：advise, suggest, proposeadvise, suggest, propose五个要求：五个要求：demand , require, request, desiredemand , require, request, desire，askask除此，还有除此，还有begbeg（请求），（请求

19、），consentconsent（同意），（同意），determinedetermine（决意），（决意），decidedecide（决定），（决定），deservedeserve（值得（值得提起），提起），expectexpect（期望），（期望），intendintend（打算），（打算），maintainmaintain（主张），（主张），movemove（移动），（移动），orderorder（命令），（命令），preferprefer（情愿），（情愿），recommendrecommend（劝告），（劝告），resolveresolve（决意），（决意），urgeurge（极力主张）

20、，（极力主张），votevote（提议）（提议） 。四四. 考点分类考点分类 - 几种常用几种常用“（should）+动动词原形词原形”表示虚拟语气的结构表示虚拟语气的结构28宾语从宾语从句句：He suggested that we (should）take notes while listening to the lecture.In the past men generally preferred that their wives (should) work in the home. 29(b) 部分上述动词名词形式的同位语从句部分上述动词名词形式的同位语从句：（包括：（包括necess

21、ity必要性，必要性，pray恳求，恳求，preference偏爱，偏爱，plan计划，计划，idea主意等）主意等）He put forward the suggestion that we（should）take notes while listening to the lecture.This is their resolution that extra-curriculum activities be made part of their school life30(c) 部分上述动词名词形式的表语从句部分上述动词名词形式的表语从句：His suggestion was that we

22、（should） take notes while listening to the lecture.31(d) 部分上述动词名词形式的部分上述动词名词形式的主语从句主语从句：（另：（另: It is arranged that）It was suggested that we（should）take notes while listening to the lecture.It was arranged that they（should）leave the following week322“ “It is形容形容词词+ that从从句句” ”结构结构中中。这这些形容些形容词词分分别为别为：

23、 advisable（适（适当当的），的），adamant（坚坚定不移的），定不移的），appropriate（适（适当当的），的），better（较较好的），好的），desirable（向往的），（向往的），essential（必（必要的），要的），imperative（迫切的），（迫切的），Important（重要（重要的），的），insistent（坚坚定的），定的），incredible（难难以置信以置信的），的），keen（渴望的），（渴望的），natural（自然的），（自然的），necessary（必要的），（必要的），obligatory（规规定的），定的），possible（

24、可能的），（可能的），preferable（更可取的），（更可取的），probable（可能的），（可能的），strange（奇怪的），（奇怪的），urgent（紧紧迫的），迫的），vital（极极其重要的）。其重要的）。 33例句：例句：It is desirable that the agreement be signed before MayI dont think it advisable that he (should) be assigned to the job since he has no experience at all.343“It is a pityshameno w

25、onderones wishthat从句从句”结构中。如：结构中。如：It is a great pity that he should be so conceited. 词汇：词汇：conceit v.& n. 自负自负、幻想、幻想conceive v. 怀孕、构想怀孕、构想deceive v. 欺骗、行骗欺骗、行骗354以以lest, in case, for fear that（以免）引导的目（以免）引导的目的状语从句的状语从句。如：。如：* You should exercise vigilance lest you should be killed. * Take your

26、coat in case it（should）rain词汇：词汇：vigilance vidilns n. 警戒，警觉警戒，警觉 36真题举例及分析真题举例及分析例例3： The opening ceremony is a great occasion. It is essential _ for that.（2003, 47）for us to be prepared that we are preparedC. of us to be prepared D. our being preparedA四四. 考点分类考点分类 - 几种常用几种常用“（should）+动动词原形词原形”表示虚拟语

27、气的结构表示虚拟语气的结构37真题举例及分析真题举例及分析例例1：If it _ tomorrow, the match would be put off.（2013:63）A. was to rain B. were to rainC. was rainingD. had rainedB五五. 考点分类考点分类 - 与将来事实相反的虚拟语气与将来事实相反的虚拟语气38If she were to marry Jack, she would be happyIf it should rain again, what else could I do？If it snowed tomorrow,

28、I shouldwould stay at home. 五五. 考点分类考点分类 - 与将来事实相反的虚拟语气与将来事实相反的虚拟语气39练习：练习：1. If your car _ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer.A. shall need B. should needC. would needD. will needBauthorized dealer：授权经销商；认可交易商：授权经销商；认可交易商五五. 考点分类考点分类 - 与将来事实相反的虚拟语气与将来事实相反的虚拟语气

29、40六、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；六、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；1）wish + 宾语从句宾语从句现在：现在：过去：过去：未来：未来：过去时 (did/were)过去完成时 (had done)would/could/might+V. should I wish I were a bird. (现在现在) I wish I hadnt made such a mistake. (过去过去) We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. (未来未来)2）would rather that -现在：现在：过去：过去：未来：未来： I would rather

30、 you paid me now. (现在现在) I would rather you had gone, too. (过去过去) Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow. (未来未来)过去时过去时过去完成时3） as if /though + 从句从句现在：过去：过去时过去完成时 He looks as if he were drunk. They talked as if they had been friends for years. She loves the baby as if it were her own son. It seem

31、s as if it were spring. I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.4）without和和but for 构成虚拟。构成虚拟。(but for要不是要不是) Without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today. But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work.But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.5）If only (要是要是就好了就好了) If only I knew his n