施心远主编听力教程3Unit9答案

1、UNIT9Section OnePart 1Spot DictationCelebrations in Australia, Asia Ring in 2010One of the first major cities to celebrate the beginning of 2010 was Sydney, Australia. More than a million people gathered along the Sydney harbor to watch the city's annual fireworks show, set to booming rock music

2、.Hours before midnight people arrived at Harbor Bridge to stake out good seats for the 12-minute display. This year's show involved more than 5,000 kilograms of explosive devices.Other cities around Asia and the Pacific region celebrated with fireworks, such as Kuala Lumpur and Hong Kong.In othe

3、r places people marked the New Year without fireworks. Millions in Japan prayed at shrines for good fortune in 2010. In Seoul, South Korea, a giant bell was rung.In China's capital, signs around Beijing cautioned not to light fireworks within the heart of the city on New Year's Eve.This did

4、not seem to bother Beijing residents, who say the Lunar New Year is their traditional time to celebrate with fireworks.  This year that holiday is in mid-February.Many young people were at bars and clubs in Beijing until the early hours of the morning. Still others had to work on New Year's

5、 Eve. As late-night revelers waited in the cold for a scarce cab, two men unloaded a truck at a bakery on Worker's Stadium Road. One of them said he hoped for good health for his parents in the New Year. His coworker said he hoped to spend the Lunar New Year with family at his home in nearby Sha

6、ndong province. Part 2Listening for GistUnlike air travel, which is regulated internationally, rail travel is in many cases controlled nationally. The degree of safety of rail travel is therefore highly variable from country to country, depending on the degree of regulation and the quality of regula

7、tion in the country concerned. In Britain and the United States rail passenger deaths work out at an average of less than 10 rail passenger deaths per year. Unfortunately, the rail passenger deaths per year statistics in the less developed parts of the world are considerably higher than the rail pas

8、senger deaths per year statistics are in the western world. In the UK over the last 25 years, there has been an average of one train accident for every million miles run. Because individual trains carry such a large number of passengers compared with the number of passengers carried in cars, buses a

9、nd planes, this actually means that the degree of risk is, comparatively, one which is almost non-existent. By far the greatest cause of railway accidents is human error, either in controlling or responding to signals. Recent improvements in the numbers of accidents are in large measure due to the i

10、ntroduction of automatic and computerized signaling equipment. Radio communication systems between drivers and control centers have also proved influential in reducing accidents. With the continuing development of radio communication systems and automatic signaling systems we can look forward to fur

11、ther reductions in what are already impressively low accident rates. Directions: Listen to the passage and write down the gist and the key words that help you decide. 1. This passage is about rail travel safety. 2. The key words are highly variable. degree and quality of regulation: Britain and the

12、United States. Less than 10 rail passenger deaths per year: less developed parts. Higher: UK. Last 25 years. One train accident for every million miles run: cause. Human error: automatic. Computerized signaling. Radio communication systems. Reduce accidents. Section TwoListening ComprehensionPart 1

13、DialogueAdolescenceInterviewer: So, you say Eric's what you'd consider pretty strict but pretty fair? So, for example, when he tells you to do Interviewer: something Jora: Well, he's strict and I get angry when he doesn't want me to do stuff. But afterwards I can almost always see wh

14、y he said it, y'know? Interviewer: Yeah. Jora: And there's only a couple of incidents where, well, that were totally, y'know, that I didn't understand at all. Interviewer: Hmm. Not a bad record. Eric: No. Vh, 'cos I'm sure I've made some mistakes. Interviewer: Is . how wo

15、uld you compare your mom? Is she less strict than your dad? Mm-hmm. Well, she's less strict, but it's, it's like I can't win, y'know? The stuff that my dad's not strict about, my mom's strict about, and· the stuff that my mom's not strict about, my dad is. And, w

16、ell, like my dad doesn't let me see PG-13* or R movies, but my mom does. She, well, she rents R-rated* movies, and lets me watch them and all, but my dad won't even let me see PG-13. Eric: Well, uh, that's not really true. It depends on what it is. My rule with PG-13 is either I've h

17、ad to have seen it first or, you know, talked to someone who I trust . who's seen it. Interviewer: So, your mom's looser about movies. Uh, what's she stricter about?Jora: Chores, junk food, buying me specific things - Interviewer: When you say buying you things, do you mean- Jora: Like w

18、hen we go to the store. Interviewer: She doesn't want to pay for them? Jora: She doesn't want to pay for things. She wants me to buy my own friends' presents, you know, stuff like that Interviewer: So, do you get an allowance?Jora: Yeah, I do. Interviewer: So, Jora, what do you think abo

19、ut your dad? Do you think he's a pretty good dad? I mean, how does he compare with your friends' fathers? Jora: Urn, my dad is very strict, but he's . he's . , he's pretty good. He . he's very nice and he lets me do just enough so I don't get too angry. Directions: Listen

20、 to the dialogue and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). l.T 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T 6.F 7. T 8. T Part 2 PassageA Brief History of BankingWhen did the first banks appear? The first bankers lived more than 2,000 years ago. They were money changers, situated usually at a ta

21、ble or in a small shop in the commercial district, aiding travelers who came to the town by exchanging foreign coins for local money or discounting commercial notes for a fee in order to supply merchants with working capital. The first bankers probably used their own capital to fund their activities

22、, but it wasn't long before the idea of attracting deposits and securing temporary loans from wealthy customers became an important source of bank funding. Loans were then made to merchants, shippers, and landowners, at rates of interest as low as 6 percent per annum to as high as 48 percent a m

23、onth for the riskiest ventures! Most of the early banks of any size were Greek in origin. The banking industry gradually spread outward from the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome into northern and western Europe. Banking encountered religious opposition during the Middle Ages, primarily bec

24、ause loans made to the poor often carried high interest rates. However, as the Renaissance began in Europe, the bulk of bank loans and deposits involved relatively wealthy customers, which helped to reduce religious opposition to banking practices. The development of new overland trade routes and im

25、provements in navigation in the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries gradually shifted the center of world commerce from the Mediterranean region toward Europe and the British Isles, where banking became a leading industry. The Industrial Revolution demanded a well-developed financial system. In particula

26、r, the adoption of mass production methods required a corresponding expansion in global trade to absorb industrial output, requiring new methods for making payments and credit available. Banks that could deliver on these needs grew rapidly. The early banks in Europe were places for safekeeping of va

27、luable items (such as gold and silver bullion) as people came to fear loss of their assets due to war, theft, or expropriation by government. In England during the reigns of Henry VIII and Charles I, government efforts to seize private holdings of gold and silver resulted in people depositing their

28、valuables in goldsmiths' shops, who, in turn, would issue tokens* or certificates, indicating that the customer had made a deposit at these businesses. Soon, goldsmith tokens or certificates began to circulate as money because they were more convenient and less risky to carry around. The goldsmi

29、ths also offered certification of value services - what we today might call property appraisals*. Customers would bring in valuables to have an expert certify that these items were indeed real and not fakes - a service many banks still provide their customers. When colonies were established in North

30、 and South America, Old World banking practices were transferred to the New World. As the 19th century began, state governments in the United States began chartering* banking companies. The development of large, professionally managed banking firms was centered in a few leading commercial centers, e

31、specially New York. The federal government became a major force in US banking during Civil War. A: Pre-listening Question A bank is, actually, a business organization, usually a limited company, which trades mainly in money, receiving and holding deposits and paying sums out of them by order of the

32、customer, lending money at interest, discounting bills of exchange, moving from one place to another, acting as customer's agent in buying and selling securities, serving as trustee or executor, and performing various extra services for customers, e.g. arranging travel and insurance and advising

33、 on tax and investment. B: Sentence Dictation Direction: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times. 1. Situated usually at a table or in a small shop in the commercial district, the bankers aided travelers who came to the town by exchanging foreign coins f

34、or local money.2. It wasn't long before the idea of attracting deposits and securing temporary loans from wealthy customers became an important source of bank funding. 3. The banking industry gradually spread outward from the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome into northern and western E

35、urope. 4. The early banks in Europe were places for safekeeping of valuable items as people came to fear loss of their assets due to war, theft, or expropriation by government. 5. As the 19th century began, the development of large, professionally managed banking firms was centered in a few leading

36、commercial centers, especially New York.C: Detailed Listening Directions: Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions. l. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. B D: After-listening Discussion Directions: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following quest

37、ions. The early banks in Europe were places for safekeeping of valuable items (such as gold and silver bullion) as people came to fear loss of their assets due to war, theft, or expropriation by government. In England during the reigns of Henry VIII and Charles I, government efforts to seize private

38、 holdings of gold and silver resulted in people depositing their valuables in goldsmiths' shops, who, in turn, would issue tokens or certificates, indicating that the customer had made a deposit at these businesses. Soon, goldsmith tokens or certificates began to circulate as money because they

39、were more convenient and less risky to carry around. The goldsmiths also offered certification of value services - what we today might call property appraisals. Customers would bring in valuables to have an expert certify that these items were indeed real and not fakes - a service many banks still p

40、rovide their customers. Section Three NewsNews Item 1Greenland Ice SheetA US Space Agency study finds that Greenland is melting around the edges. The loss to the world's second largest ice sheet - more than 50 cubic kilometers per year - is enough to raise global sea level by 0.13 millimeters. N

41、ASA scientist Bill Krabill says the data indicates a process of change that does not immediately threaten coastal regions. "The more important thing is to consider it as a signal of global climate change and to monitor it in case it starts to accelerate." Eighty-five percent of Greenland i

42、s covered by ice and is more accessible for scientific study than Antarctica, which is under the world's largest ice sheet. "Greenland, the way it's positioned - much more north south, and the southern tip of Greenland protrudes into the more temperate* latitudes* - it may react much qu

43、icker to global climate change than Antarctica does." A: Directions: Listen to the news item and complete the summary. This news item is about the rapid thinning of the ice sheet on Greenland. B: Directions: Listen to the news again and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or fa

44、lse (F). 1.F 2.F 3.T 4.T 5.TNews Item 2Cooling AntarcticaA new study says Antarctica, the southernmost continent, has cooled measurably in recent years. The findings are a departure from global trends that show significant warming during the last century. University of Chicago Professor Pete Doran m

45、onitors the pulse* of Antarctica. He and other researchers have plotted* climate trends in the region. They are working with data from weather stations in Antarctica's Dry Valleys, a perpetually snow-free, mountainous zone, and from stations across the continent. Their records show a decrease by

46、 0.7 degrees Celsius per decade in the Dry Valleys since 1986 and a similar cooling trend across the continent since 1978. Doran said, "Antarctica is somewhat isolated because there is a big ocean current* that constantly circles around the continent and actually sort of isolates it, and that&#

47、39;s what makes it cold. And, that may be a factor in why we are seeing Antarctica cooling is that slight disconnect from the rest of the globe, and it's not behaving in the same way." A: Directions: Listen to the news item and complete the summary. This news item is about the result of a n

48、ew study that suggests Antarctic cooling. B: Directions: Listen to the news again and answer the following questions. 1. A new study says Antarctica, the southernmost continent, has cooled measurably in recent years. 2. Professor Peter Doran and other researchers have plotted climate trends in the r

49、egion.3. Antarctica's Dry Valleys is a perpetually snow-free, mountainous zone.4. The records show a decrease by 0.7 degrees Celsius per decade in the Dry Valleys since 1986 and a similar cooling trend across the continent since 1978.5. There is a big ocean current that constantly circles around

50、 the continent, so Antarctica is somewhat isolated from the rest of the globe, and does not behave in the same way.News Item 3Climate ChangeThe UN study predicts global temperatures will increase by nearly six degrees Celsius during this century. It says this will lead to increased flooding, drought

51、, a rise in sea levels, and other climatic effects. Whats more, it says all regions of the world will suffer adverse effects of climate change. The panel's co-chairman, James McCarthy, says some plant and mammals will be irreversibly damaged; others will become extinct. Mr. McCarthy says million

52、s of people will be made homeless in low-lying countries such as Bangladesh because of sea level rise. Some islands will disappear completely. Economic losses will be incalculableIn addition, the report says crop and water loss will lead to more famine in dry areas of the world, such as Africa.A: Di

53、rections: Listen to the news item and complete the summaryThis news item is about a study report on the dangers of global warming.B: Directions: Listen to the news again and complete the following outline.Global WarmingGlobal temperatures increase A. Global temperatures will increase by nearly six d

54、egrees Celsius. II. Unfavorable effects A. Increased flooding, drought with crop and water loss a. Some plants and mammals will be irreversibly damaged or become extinct. b. More famine in dry areas of the world, such as Africa.B. A rise in sea levels, and other climatic effects a) Millions of peopl

55、e will become homeless in low-lying countries such as Bangladesh. b) Some islands will disappear completely. c) Economic losses will be incalculable. Section Four Supplementary ExercisesSection FourPart 1 Feature ReportNew Data Show Ice Loss in Greenland AcceleratingWithout an agreement that reduces

56、 climate changing emissions, coastal communities around the world are at risk of rising sea levels. New data confirm the Greenland ice sheet is losing mass at an accelerating rate. The calculations, based on state-of-the-art satellite observations combined with computer models of Greenland's cha

57、nging icescape, are further evidence, scientists say, of the impact of global warming.The calculations are considered the most reliable to date because they combine data from the twin Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment satellites, known as GRACE, with computer models of Greenland's changing

58、 icescape. GRACE detects alterations in gravity caused by reductions in the ice sheet. But the calculations do not tell scientists what is causing the ice cap to shrink, says Michiel van den Broeke, a professor of polar meteorology at Utrecht University in the Netherlands. Van den Broeke and colleag

59、ues created a model he says indicates the formation of icebergs and melting ice play equal roles in reducing the size of the Greenland Ice Sheet.The study by van den Broeke and colleagues traces the beginning of Greenland's ice loss to 1996. Some experts believe if current trends continue, global sea levels will rise by a meter or more by the end of the century. Steve Nerem, a professor of aerospace engineering sciences at the University of Colorado in Boulder says that is why it is important to refine predictions of what the Greenland Ice Sheet is