2019年译林牛津高考英语一轮导学案：M3U3

1、2019译林牛津高考英语一轮导学案:M3U3一、阅读理解Everyone knows that death is natural, but do you have any idea of the process of dying?Modern scientists divide the process of dying into two stages - clinical or temporary death and biological death. Clinical death occurs when the vital organs, such as the heart or lungs

2、, have stopped functioning, but have not suffered permanent damage. The organism can still be saved. Biological death occurs when changes in the organism lead to the“ breaking up of vital cells atissues. Death is then unchangeable and final.Scientists have been seeking a way to prolong the period of

3、 clinical death so that the organism can remain alive before biological death occurs. The best method developed so far involves cooling the organism, combined with narcotic （ 麻醉）sleep. By slowing down the body s metabolism （代谢），cooling delays the processes leading to biological death.To show how thi

4、s works, scientists performed an experiment on a six-year-old female monkey called Keta. The scientist put Keta to sleep with a narcotic. Then they surrounded her body with ice-bags and began checking her body temperature. When it had dropped to 28 degrees the scientists began taking blood out from

5、an artery （ 动脉）.The monkey s blood pressure decreased and an hour later both the heart and breathing stopped: clinical death set in. For twenty minutes Keta remained in this state. Her temperature dropped to 22 degrees. At this point the scientists pumped blood into an artery in the direction of the

6、 heart and started arti ficial breathing. After two minutes Keta s heartbecame active once more. After fifteen minutes, spontaneous （自发的）breathing began, and after four hours Keta opened her eyes and lifted her head. After six hours, when the scientists tried to give her a penicillin （青霉素）injection,

7、 Keta seized the syringe （注射器）and ran with it around theroom. Her behavior differed little from that of a healthy animal.1.For a person who suffers from the clinical death.A. he is still very much alive B. he cannot avoid final death C. his most important organs are damaged forever D. he still has t

8、he possibility of getting back to life 第1页2.Scientists try to make the time of clinical death longer in order to .A. cool the organismB. delay the coming of biological deathC. slow down the body s metabolismD. bring vital cells and tissues back to active life3.The text mainly talks about .A. clinica

9、l death and biological deathB.an experiment on amonkeyC. the meaning of deathD.the process beforedeath4.From the underlined sentence in the last paragraph we can know that .A. Keta was impoliteB.Keta was healthyC. Keta was illD.Keta was crazy【文章大意】 本文主要叙述了为了延缓生理死亡的到来， 科学家尽量延长临床死亡的时间。1.D 【解析】 细节理解题。

10、由文章第一段内容 “ Clinical death ocurs when the vital organs, such as the heart or lungs, have stopped functioning, but have not suffered permanent damage. The organism can still be saved 可知，一个临床死亡的人还有可能活过来，故选 ”D 。3.A 【解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段提出了人类死亡的两个阶段：临床死亡和生理死亡；第二段提出科学家们想办法延长临床死亡； 第三段通过用猴子做实验来验证延长临床死亡的方法，故本文主要论述

11、了临床死亡和生理死亡，选 A 项。4.B 【解析】推理判断题。结合文章最后一句 “ Her behavior differed little from that of a healthyanimal. （她的行为无异于健康动物的行为）” ，可推知划线部分句子说明 Keta 是健康的，故选 B 项。二、词汇练习。1. 讲座 n2. take over3. pour4. flee5. 灾难 n6. 毁坏 v7. 文化的 a8. beneath9. document10. extreme11. 典礼 n12. stand in one s way13. vast14. corrupt15. erup

12、t16. commercial17. march18. a new flata fancy 装潢19. seek fame and become very 富裕20. Don t about being alone.Don t tell me about this.抱怨21. be of protecting the environmentraise the of saving water意识22. a to the problemCan you tell me how to the problem?解决23. get stuck in the on the road烂泥；烂泥的24. com

13、e tobecome very权力，强大的25. teenagers how to behave receive a good 教育三、完形填空One day when I was 13, my family was working in the fields to clear away old brush when somehow the electric fence sparked（冒火花）and 1 a fire.We didnt see the fire _2_ it had blocked the way to the only gate.I _3_ to jump over the

14、 fence to safety but the fire was all around us.I could only watch in _4_ as the flames continued to rise.Little did I know that my father had once been a（n）_5_ and knew what to do. _6_ with only a pump sprayer , buckets, and his boots, he _7_ down to the nearby pond, filled the buckets and the spra

15、yer, and began spraying the _8_ while my older brother threw water with the buckets.Soon the wind _9_ , however, and with the Fire Department too far away to arrive in time , my father began to stamp（踩灭）out the flames as he moved to the _10二,so that my family was able to move inch by inch toward the

16、 gate._11_ he arrived at the gate , he jumped into the truck , rolled up the windows , and drove _12the fire.Then the fire was put out , and my mother was looking at myfather with her _1 3 eyes.After that , my father began telling us about his days as a firefighter , and my brother and I became 14_,

17、 asking him what other jobs he had done before he _15_ .Well , it turned out that he had done just about 16 except brain surgery!He had been in the military as a carpenter, carpet layer, and an electrician, and had built B2 bombers before being poisoned in an accident that had _17 him to retire.My f

18、ather has a blood disorder as a result of that _18 , but that hasnt stopped him from being a full- time electrician.To all those people whose fathers have worked in the military and in other dangerous jobs, be _19 of them , and remember that some day their _20 might save your life.C. witnessed1. A.p

19、reventedB. permittedD. started2 A.becauseB unlessC afterD until3 A.wantedB managedC promisedD happened4 A.angerB horrorC excitementD embarrassment5 A.carpenterB electricianC firefighterD educator6 A.ArmedB SatisfiedC SharedD Identified7 A.slidB fellC dashedD walked8 A.treesB grassC flamesD flowers9

20、A.died offB took onC turned outD picked up10 A.fenceB truckC furnitureD bucket11 A.IfB OnceC SinceD While12 A.throughB alongC overD across13 A.highB wideC fastD far14 A.curiousB suspiciousC. concernedD. anxious15. A.movedB. resignedC. retiredD. suffered16. A.everythingB. nothingC. somethingD. anythi

21、ng17. A.allowedB. encouragedC. invitedD. forced18. A.fireB. accidentC. attemptD. explanation19. A.afraidB. proudC. carefulD. ashamed20. A.cultureB. learningC. skillsD. languages【解题导语】本文作者通过讲述火灾中父亲扑灭大火的故事，告诉我们曾经在部队和做过其他危险工作的父亲将来某一天可能会用他们的技能拯救我们的生命，我们应为他们感到骄傲。【核心词汇】as a result of由于，因为（其后跟宾语）be proud o

22、f为感到骄傲1. D 根据该句中的 the electric fence sparked火花）and _1_ a fire 可知，此处表示 一场火灾开始了。D项意为 开始，使开始发生，符合语境。prevent阻止；permit允许”;witness 目缶”。2. D 直到大火堵住了通往唯一的门的路，我们才发现大火。此处考查 “notuntil结 构。3. A 根据语境可知，我想（wanted）跳过篱笆，到达安全地带，可是大火包围了我们。manage 设法做成 ；promise 许诺“；happen 发生”。4 B 由上文可知，大火包围了我们，我 ”只能惊恐地看着火焰继续上升。 in horro

23、r 惊恐地 ” ； in anger 生气地“ ” ； in excitement 兴奋地“ ” ； in embarrassment 尴尬地“ ” 。5. C 根据第二段第一句中的 “ my father began telling us about his days as a firefighter 可 知，父亲曾经是一名消防员。 carpenter 木匠，木工“” ； electrician 电工 “ ” ； educator 教育工作“者 ”。6. A 本题考查be armed with的省略结构作状语，意为 用装备或武装”，故选A项。 satisfied 满意的，满足的“” ； sh

24、ared “共有的 ” ； identified 可辨认的“ ” 。7. C根据语境可知，父亲应该是冲（dashed）向最近的池塘。slide滑行”。8. C根据上下文可知，此处指开始用水喷向火焰 （flames）。9. D 根据语境可知，此处表示然而很快，风又变强了。 pick up 变大，变强“” ，符合语境。 die off 相继死去， “ 先后死去 ”； take on 呈现，“ 开始具有（某种特征、面貌等 ）”； turn out 结“果是，证明是” 。10. B 根据下文中的he jumped into the truck可知，父亲走向卡车。11. B 考查连词。A项意为 如果”，

25、引导条件状语从句；B项意为 就，一 旦”，引导时间状语从句；C项自以来，因为，既然”；D项当时候，尽管由上下文可知，此处指父亲一到达大门，就跳进了卡车里。故选 B 项。12. A 根据语境可知，父亲开着卡车从火中穿过。 through 通过，穿过“” ，表示运动发生在某物的空间内；along沿着“；over在上面；across从一边到另一边，横过”，表 示动作发生在物体的表面。13. B 根据语境可知， 父亲开着卡车从火中穿过， 火最终被扑灭了， 所以母亲睁大（wide）眼睛看着父亲。14. A 根据下文中的asking him what other jobs he had done可知，我们

26、是很好奇的（curious） 。 suspicious 怀疑的， “ 猜疑的 ” ； concerned “（与某事 ）有关的， 有牵连的 ” ； anxious 焦“ 虑的，不安的，担心的 ” 。15. C 根据语境可知，我们问父亲在退休（retired）之前还做过其他什么工作。下文中的“to retire也是提示。16. A 根据第三段对父亲退休前工作的描述可知，父亲做过很多事情，所以此处指除 了做脑外科手术之外，父亲几乎什么都做过。everything except除了之外什么都 ”符合语境。17. D由上下文可知，那场事故迫使(forced)父亲退休。18. B 根据上下文可知，此处指

27、那场事故(accident)。attempt尝试；explanation解释”。19. B be proud of为感到骄傲”符合语境。ashamed因自己所彳的事而)羞耻的， 内疚的，惭愧的20. C 根据上文可知，此处指他们的技能(skills)有朝一日可能拯救你的生命。四、短文语法填空。Sending gifts varies greatly from country to country.In Australia, Canada, the United States 1. European countries, sending gifts is rarely expected. Whi

28、le seen as a nice gesture , it is more important to avoid 2. (give) highly personal gifts such as clothing.When visiting the home of a colleague from one of these 3. ( country) , it is normally appropriate to bring a gift to the hostess.In America, 4. (expense)gifts are definitely out.A good 5. (cho

29、ose) is to take the deserving person to dinner, or to 6. entertainment or a sporting event. 7. thecontrary, gift giving is a traditional custom in Japan.In Japan the proper gift is thought 8. (express)the givers true friendship , gratitude and respect far 9. (well) than words can.So if you plan to visit Japan or to have any Japanese visit you here ,