论说文-道理论证型英语作文.doc

1、论说文-道理论证型1 .什么是道理论证型道理论证型论说文是对某一观点、哲理、谚语或名言进行分析和论证.它与对立观点型论说文的最大区别在于前者通常是就某一个明确的观点进行分析和论证,而后者针对两个对立的观点进行比照论证,由作者在最后说明自己的立场.这种类型的作文提纲一般为：第一段：开篇引出题目要求评论的观点,并给出自己的看法；第二段：详细阐述这些看法的立足理由及其优劣之处；第三段：总结并给出自己的见解.从历年真题作文的命题来看,道理论证型论说文出现频率不高,但命题比拟多变,比拟具有挑战性.从01年到11年的25套真题作文中,道理论证型的题目出现了2次,所占比例为8%o以下表格里列举了属于道理论证

2、型议论文的真题题目：2 .模板学习模板一：论证观点或道理Itiswellknownthat提出观点.Thetruthofitisself-evident.Noonecandeny观点的理论依据.Therefore,证实观点的正确性.Manyexamplescanbefoundtoprove提出事实,论证观点Tasatypicalexample.PeopleMH-14习惯做法.Furthermore,其他相关的事实,Itgoeswithoutsayingthat该观点在日常生活中的表达.Then,重申该观点的正确性.Thereisnodoubtthat得出结论.Inconclusion,总结全文

3、,模板二：论证谚语或引言谚语或引言aproverbfulloflogic,hasbeengenerallyaccepted.Ittellsusthat解释说明谚语或引言的含X.Acaseinpointis正面事例.Nobodyisborntobe完美或全能,anditcouldonlybeachievedthrough谚语或弓言的核心观点.反而事一例GsTHtothertypicalexample.Somestudents习惯做法这种做法的负面效果,Wemust重申观点的正确性Judgingfromtheexamplesgivenabove,wemaysafelycometotheconclu

4、sionthat得出结论.Oneshould重申观点的正确性,otherwise坚持错误做法的负面效果.3 .真题演练12021年12月Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledNothingSucceedsWithoutaStrongWillbycommentingonthehumoroussaying,HQuittingsmokingistheeasiestthingintheworld.I'vedoneithundredsoftimes.HYoushouldwriteatleast120wordsbut

5、nomorethan180words.审题谋篇较2021年6月的四级题目一一“网络购物的利弊,今年12月的题目"Nothingsucceedswithoutastrongwill令人着实捉摸不透.题目竟然没有中文提纲写作提示,这另之前准备了三段论写作的同学们郁闷不已一一当然,这篇没有中文提纲的作文还是可以根据三段论写.除去写作的结构不说,这篇文章的题材和内容都是相当地令人陌生,而这也表达了两点命题思路：一、2021年6月份网络购物利弊的这篇题目过于简单,常见,容易被押题,因此今年的作文题目当然波动性地出现难度上升；二,反押题精神,今年并没有考到之前大热的“酒驾平安问题、“明星选秀问题

6、等等.本文的整体内容可以分为三段,中央应该围绕“wherethereisawill,thereisaway,首段可以通过"戒烟很简单,但是不坚持,也是不能成功的得出“万事都需要坚持,从而确定整篇文章的中央论点.第二段主要应聚焦于论证“意志坚决的人才能够完成伟大的使命,可以通过以下几个句子,如"Lifeisnotallrosesn;nAdversityisagooddiscipline."等句子来论证：坚决的意志是成功的必要阶段.此段为文章的主体段落,需要在保证文章通顺、逻辑清楚的根底上,注重语言的精彩,可以通过复合句的使用和排比的修辞方法来到达.第三段论证“学生也

7、是这样,不刻苦学习,终究不会成为有用之才,此段可以将文章的中央议题和大学生的生活贴近,联系学生自己的日常生活,从而更具现实性和普遍性,学生也可以从中得出“学习并非坦途,需要坚持不懈的努力.NothingSucceedsWithoutaStrongWillThereisanoldsaying:wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Ittellsusthatastrongwillisthemostessentialqualityforanyonewhowantstoachievesuccess.Itcancontributealottoone'ssuccess.Alt

8、hough“AllroadsleadtoRome,noneofthemiscompletelysmooth.Ourlifeisfilledwithobstacleswhichmaymakeusfeelsohopelessthatwemaychoosetogiveup.Atthecrucialmoment,strongwillhelpsalot.Asamatteroffact,theabilitytoworkthroughdifficuItsituationandunfortunateeventswithstrongwillcanmakeonestrongerandmorecapable.Ino

9、therwords,ifwewanttorealizelifegoal,wemustkeepforgingaheadwithstrongconsciousness.Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wecanseethattheestablishmentoftoughdeterminationisofgreatimportancetoeveryone.Withastrongwill,includingourknowledge,wewillbeabletodealwithanysituationinourlife.Whateverwedo,aslongaswestick

10、toanddonotgiveupeasily,wewillrealizethegoalatlast.22003年1月Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicItPaystoBeHonest.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese.1 .当前社会上存在许多不老实的现象2 .老实利人利己,做人应该老实审题谋篇从两段式提纲可以判断本次作文属于道理论证型议论文.第一段：阐述一种社会现象并由

11、此引出一个道理；第二段：采用原因分析法或举例法来论证观点；第三段：总结全篇,深化主题.ItPaystoBeHonestAlongwiththedevelopmentofthesociety,moreandmoreproblemsarebroughttoourattention,oneofwhichisthatmoredishonestpeopleappear.Forexample,somebusinessmensellfakeproducttotheirconsumers;somestudentscheatintheexams.Dishonestpeopleareshort-sighted.T

12、hosewhosellfakeproductsmaymakemoneyatfirst,butconsumerswon'tbuytheirproductsanymore.Asaresult,theywilllosetheirfortuneorevenbesenttoprison.Bycontrast,honestpeoplegainalot.Thosewhoalwaystelltruthorkeeptotheirpromisenotonlyletotherstrustthembutgainrespectfromotherpeopleaswell.Suchpeoplearesuretoha

13、vealotofgoodfriends.Becausetheyaretrustableandrespectable,everyoneiseagertomakefriendswiththem.Besides,itiseasierforapersonwithagoodrecordtogetagoodjob.Generallyspeaking,everyemployerwantshisemployeestobehonest.Sowecanreachtheconclusionthatanyonewhoishonestwillberewardedlater.Inaword,honestywinstrus

14、t,respectandhonor.Soitisimportantthatweshouldbehonest.4.模拟演练1） Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofHumor.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1幽默的重要性2幽默对身心健康及人际关系的积极作用3因此Itiswell-knownthatasenseofhumorisGod'sgifttomankind.Forexample,ah

15、umorouspersonisoftenpopularwithhisfriendsandcolleagues.Anditisbornwithineveryone'sheart.What'smore,ithastobedeveloped.Evenhumorhastobecultivatedwithgreatefforts.However,somepeoplehaven'trealizedthebenefitofhumortousinmanyrespects.Firstofall,humorcanhelpusmaintainphysicalaswellasmentalwel

16、lbeing.Meanwhile,itcanhelpusliveinharmonywithothers.Andwhenwehavemisunderstandingswithothersinourworkorstudy,humormayeasetheproblemsmorequicklythanangrywordsorquarrels.Therefore,asenseofhumorisreallyoneofthekeystohappiness.Inaword,humorgivesusgreatenjoymenttolifeandmakesitworthliving.Itpaystobehumor

17、ous.2） Directions：Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicRelationshipBetweenTeacherandStudents.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese：1良好的师生关系对于教和学都很重要2理想的师生关系要靠双方的共同努力3如果出现不愉快,双方应以友好的方式解决Itiswell-knownthatagoodrelationshipbetweenteacherands

18、tudentsisessentialtoteachingandlearning.Inthefirstplace,teacher'steachingachievesthedesiredresults.Inthesecondplace,studentscandowellintheirstudies.Onbothoccasions,teachersandstudentscancooperatewellwithagoodrelationship.Nevertheless,thisidealrelationshipdependsonthemutualeffortsofbothsides.Some

19、peoplefindteacherandstudentsshouldtrytounderstandeachother.Foronething,studentsshouldrespecttheirteachersandwhattheirteachersdoforthem.Foranother,teachersshouldalsobekind,patientandimpartialtoallthestudents.Asamatteroffact,sometimesthingsarenotsosimple;unhappymisunderstandingsmayarisenowandthen.Firs

20、tofall,bothsidesshouldmakeeffortstoremovethem.Inaddition,theycanexplainwhattheythinktoeachotherandlearntothinkmoreforotherpeople.Therefore,ifbothsidestreateachotherinafriendlyway,misunderstandingswillbeeasilyclearedup.3） Directions:Forthispartyouareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicPlease

21、BePunctual.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsandbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinebelow:1不遵守时间有什么危害；1 .遵守时间是对自己和他人的尊敬,也会赢得他人的尊敬;2 .大学生应该从自身做起.Withtheadventoftheeraofknowledgeeconomy,timeistreasuredbyanincreasingnumberofpeople.However,manyyoungpeopleattachlittleimportancetopunctuality,which,inmyopinion,willg

22、iverisetomanyproblems.First,youmayimpressotherpeopleasunreliableanddishonest.Whenyouarelateforajobinterview,thebossmayrefusetogiveyouthechancesincepeopletendtoassumethatifyoucannotfuIfillyourpromise,youhavenosenseofresponsibilityandcandonothingwell.Second,othersmaythinkthatyoushownorespecttothem.Ify

23、ouarelateforanappointment,thepersonyoukeepwaitingmaythinkthattheappointmentisofnoimportancetoyouandyouareapersonwhoisnotconsiderateofother'stime.Therefore,universitystudentsshouldlearnthatpunctualityisagoodhabit.Beingpunctual,youareshowingrespecttoothersand,inreturn,youwillwinothers1respectandtr

24、ust.4) Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositionbasedontheproverb“Childrenarewhatthemothersare.Youshouldwriteatleast150words,andwriteyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1 .说明此谚语的含义2 .说明此现象的原因3 .谚语给予的启示Somepeoplesay“Childrenarewhatthemothersare.Literallyitmeans

25、themothershavegreatinfluenceontheirchildren.Actually,herethemothersrefertonotonlymothersandfathers,butallthepeoplesurroundingus,whoplayveryimportantrolesintheeducationofthekids.Accordingtosomeresearches,dailylifeaffectskidsenormously.Parentsarethebestteachersoftheirchildren,whosedailybehaviorandmind

26、haveagreateffectontheirkids.Soitisunsurprisingthatchildrenoftenreflecttheirparentslikeamirror,andsometimespeopleevencantellwhotheirparentsarewithoutknowingthembefore.Itistrueofteachers,friends,andthepeoplethekidscontactindailylife.Soitisimportantforparentstomakesurethatpeoplearoundthekidsaretheoneso

27、fgoodqualities,suchashonesty,responsibility,patienceandoutstandingabilities.5) Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositionbasedontheproverb"HasteMakesWasteYou.shouldwriteatleast150words,andwriteyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1 .为什么说“欲速那么不达2 .试举例说明“Hast

28、emakeswaste-"aproverbfulloflogic,hasbeengenerallyaccepted.Ittellsusthatwehavetodosomesteadyanddown-to-earthworkifwewanttoaccomplishsomething.Acaseinpointisbasketba11-playing.Nobodyisborntobeanoutstandingbasketball-player,anditcouldonlybeachievedthroughrelentlesseffortsandcountlessfallsandinjuri

29、es.EveryChinesewasthrilledwhenYaoMingwashailedintheNBAgames,butwhoknewthatdifficultiesandhardshipshehadundergone.Englishstudyistypicalofmatterscallingforourpatience.SomestudentssparenoeffortsinfindingashortcuttoEnglishlearning.However,suchhastyactionunexceptionallyinvitesfailureandfrustration.Wemust

30、enhanceouroverallEnglishskills,suchasspeaking,listening,readingandwriting,stepbystepandunderaguidanceofadetailedplan.Judgingfromtheexamplesgivenabove,wemaysafelycometotheconclusionthathastewillcauseagreatloss.Oneshoulddoeverythingpatientlyandadvancestepbystep,otherwisehewillsufferasetback.附加练习题目Topi

31、c1:WealthandHappinessForthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledWealthandHappiness.Nowadays,manypeoplepayanypricetoattaingreaterwealthwhichisassumedtoguaranteehappiness.Pleasediscussthephenomenonandstateyourownviews.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.Topic2:IdealsFor

32、thispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledIdeals.Pleasecommentthesignificanceofidealsandstateyourownideal.Youshouldwriteatleast150words.Topic3:CompetitionForthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledCompetition.Pleasecommentthesignificanceofcompetitionandstateyourownvie

33、w.Youshouldwriteatleast150words.sTaughtTopic4:ShouldStudentsBeSkepticalaboutWhatForthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledShouldStudentsBeSkepticalaboutWhat?sTaught.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbasedonthefollowingoutlinegiveninChinese.1 .中国学生在课堂上往往缺乏疑心精神2 .我认为疑心精神是一种可贵的学术精神Topic5:H

34、ealthandLife阅读下面的短文,然后根据要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文.HealthandLifeAsthesayinggoes,youdon'tknowwhathappinessisuntilyouloseit,youdon'tknowwhathealthisuntilyouareill.“Healthisofvitalimportancetolifesoundslikeacliche陈词滥调toeveryone,butitisabsolutelytrue.Thenegligenceofthebalanceofyourbodyandsoul,theharmfulha

35、bitssuchassmoking,excessivedrinkingandburningmid-nightoilwillcatchupwithyousomeday.Howmanybigplansareinterruptedbybadhealth!Evenanormallifeisunimaginablewithouttheguaranteeofhealth.Howtokeepfitisaneternaltopicofdiversityandcontroversy.Regardlessofallthedifferentsuggestionspouredfromallkindsofsources

36、,oneshoulddoatleasttwothingsforhim/herself.First,holdanactiveandoptimisticattitudetowardlifeandmaintainamentalwell-being.Second,livearegularlifeandkeepabalanceddiet.Anyway,ahealthylifeiswithinreachwhenyoubegintoadjustyourmindandbody.写作内容1 .概括短文的内容要点,该局部的字数大约30词左右；2 .就“健康与生活这个主题发表你的看法,至少包含以下的内容要点,该局部

37、的字数大约120词左右：a举例说明健康的重要性；b你是怎样平衡健康、工作和生活的.c你的忠告是什么？写作要求你可以使用实例或其它论述方法支持你的论点,也可以参照阅读材料的内容,但不要抄袭阅读材料中的句子.评分标准欢送干好1. ItistruethatnowadaysweoftenHowever,weshouldstillvalueInmyopinion,2. ItisgenerallyacceptedthatThetruthisdeepandprofound.Asweknow,3. ItiswellknownthatNoonecandenythat4. “'2-aproverbfull

38、accepted.Ittellsusthat5. Somepeoplesay6. Thereisanoldsaying:Thetruthofitisself-evident.Therefore,oflogic,hasbeengenerally“Literally,itmeansIttellsusthat1. Myreasonscanbelistedasfollows.Firstly,Secondly,Thirdly,2. Therearenumerousexamplessupportingthisargument.AcaseinpointisForanotherexample,Moreover

39、,3. Manyremarkablefactscontributetotheargument.Firstofall,Whatsmore,Besides,4. Manycaseshaveprovedthetruththat5. Theexperience/storyofsb.canillustratethepointcompletely.6. Thefollowingfactorsmayillustratethepointcompletely/clearly.重申观点,得出结论1. ThereisnodoubtthatTherefore,2. Allmentionedabovetellustha

40、tTherefore,wecanreasonablyconcludethat3. ItgoeswithoutsayingthatTherefore,4. Judgingfromtheexamplesgivenabove,wemaysafelycometotheconclusionthat5. Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wecanseethatisofgreatimportancetoeveryone.常见谚语、名人名言Readingmakesafullman;conferenceareadyman;andwritinganexactman.阅读使人充实,交谈使

41、人敏捷,写作使人严谨.Everyonehastolaythefoundationsofhissuccessbystudyandhardwork.书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟.Liveandlearn.生命不息,勤学不止.Themoreyoustudy,themoreyouwillfindyourselfignorant.你学得越多,就发现自己越无知.Learningwithoutthoughtislaborlost.学而不思那么罔.Painpastispleasure.过去的痛苦即快乐.AllthingsaredifficuItbeforetheyareeasy.凡事必先难后易.Nothin

42、gisimpossibletoawillingheart.心之所愿,无事不成.Wherethereislife,thereishope.一希假设存,希望不灭.Bettertolightonecandlethantocursethedarkness.与其诅咒黑暗,不如燃起蜡烛.Theshortestanswerisdoing.最简短的答复就是行动.Allthingsintheirbeingaregoodforsomething.天生我才必有用.DiffieuItcircumstancesserveasatextbookoflifeforpeople.困难坎坷是人们的生活教科书.Failureis

43、themotherofsuccess.失败乃成功之母.Thegoodseamanisknowninbadweather.惊涛骇浪,方显英雄本色.Athousand-lijourneyisstartedbytakingthefirststep.千里之行,始于足下.Manstrugglesupwards;waterflowsdownwards.人往高处走,水往低处流.Ifwintercomes,canspringbefarbehind?(P.B.Shelley,Britishpoet)冬天来了,春天还会远吗？(英国诗人,雪莱PB.)Ifyoudoubtyourself,thenindeedyoustandonshakyground.(Ibsen,Norwegiandramatist)如果你疑心自己,那么你的立足点确实不稳固