非谓语动词讲解定稿

1、会计学1非谓语动词讲解定稿非谓语动词讲解定稿第1页/共137页谓语：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。它有人称、数、时态和语态的变化。 e.g. He works. He takes care of the baby. He will go to Shanghai. He didnt go to Shanghai. He has gone to Shanghai. You are students. You look smart.单谓语或动词短语情态动词/助动词+ v.系动词+表语第2页/共137页非谓语：无人称，数的变化，不单独作谓语，但保留动词特点，可以有宾语或状语。e.g. He w

2、orks. He wants to work here. He is working now. He has done his work. 第3页/共137页1.谓语动词：概述：2. 非谓语词：在句子中担任谓语的动词 是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分(通俗地说，就是不能作谓语的动词变形）谓语动词与非谓语动词判别谓语动词及非谓语动词的方法leavingleft第4页/共137页1.The man took out the key, _ (open) the door and entered the room.2. The man sat there, _ (read) a boo

3、k.3. _ (work) hard, and you will succeed.4. The question _ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday is of great importance.5. _(improve) his spoken English, Mr. Zhang goes to the English corner every Saturday.openedreadingWork discussedTo improve 由此可见，连词在决定句子结构以及谓语动词和非谓语动词的使用中起着关键的作用。第5页/共137页非谓语不定式 （to d

4、o）V-ingV-edas a nounas adj. or adv.现在分词动名词过去分词非谓语动词的分类表将来，主动。表进行，主动表完成，被动第6页/共137页1.Tom returned from the managers office, telling me that the boss wanted to see me at once.2. The news meeting, to be held in that hall, has already been crowded with reporters. 3. I heard the girl singing in the class

5、room.4. The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang.5. To live is to struggle. (生活就是斗争。)找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）第7页/共137页（作主语）(作宾语）（作宾补）(作表语）（作定语）（作原因状语）（作目的状语）（作结果状语）第8页/共137页第9页/共137页（作宾补）(作表语）（作定语）（作状语）（作定语）第10页/共137页非谓语动词的句法作用非谓语非谓语动词动词主语主语 宾语宾语 表语表语 定语定语 宾补宾补 状语状语不定式不定式动名词动名词现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词高考热点第11页/共

6、137页非谓语动词的时态和语态一. 动词不定式的基本构成由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式由not+不定式构成主动态主动态被动态被动态一般式一般式完成式完成式进行式进行式完成进行式完成进行式to doto have doneto be doingto have been doingto be doneto have been done 第12页/共137页_(see) you again.(read) _ (write) to seeto seeto be readingto have written第13页/共137页 (work) 第14页/共137页1. In Australia

7、he made a lot of friends _a very practical knowledge of English.A. get B. getting C. to get D. got2. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _. A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard Practice第15页/共137页3. _ late(迟起) in the afternoon, Bob turned off the

8、alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep4.I would love _to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have gone第16页/共137页5. The patient was warned _oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to e

9、at D. not eating6. My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health. A. giving up B. to give up C. give up D. given up7.I found the German language hard _. A. learned B. learning C. to be learned D. to learn第17页/共137页8._ a living, she had to work from morning till night. A. To make B. Made

10、C. Making D. To have made9.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered. A. reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being read10.We find it impossible for the work _ ahead of time. A. to finish B. finishing C. being finished D. to be finished第18页/共137页时态时态语态语态 主动语态主动语态 被动语态被动语态一般式一般式 完成式完成式 形式的语法形式形式的

11、语法形式形式无人称和数的变化形式无人称和数的变化,但有时态和但有时态和语态的变化语态的变化.其否定式由其否定式由not+doingdoinghaving donebeing done having been done 非谓语动词的时态和语态第19页/共137页1.分词的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生,_(ill), he didnt go to school._ (not know) what to do next, he went to his teacher for advice.Being illNot knowingHaving done Having written 第20页/共137

12、页Having seen talking Using leavingFill in the blanks.第21页/共137页 当动词-ing 形式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，就要用动词-ing 形式的被动语态。 动词-ing形式的被动语态1. _(kill) by sharks in the sea is a common thing.2.He was afraid of _(scold) by the teacher.3.The bird escaped _ (catch).4._(give) such a good chance, how would you not value it a

13、t all?5.I remember _(tell) the story. Being killed being scoldedHaving been givenhaving been told being caught 第22页/共137页1. _ (ask) to put on performance, she refused.2. He disliked _ (interrupt) in his experiment .3. _ (give) such a good chance, you should catch it .Being asked Fill in the blanks.b

14、eing interrupted Having been given第23页/共137页4. I didnt mind _ (leave) at home.5. The house wants _ (clean).6. He came in without _ (ask).7. _ (show) around the library, we were taken to see the lab.being leftcleaningbeing askedHaving been shown第24页/共137页Practice第25页/共137页 2. _the piano, someone sudd

15、enly knocked at the door. A. Playing B. When I was playing C. Repairing D. Examining 3. Mother caught the boy _ in the corner. A. smoke B. to smoke C. being smoked D. smoking第26页/共137页第27页/共137页 5. _ the programme, they have to stay there for another 2 weeks. A. Not completing B. Not completed C. No

16、t having completed D. Having not completed第28页/共137页第29页/共137页7. “We cant go out in this weather”, said Bob, _ out of the window. A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked 8. Though _ money, his parents managed to send him to university. A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in 第30页/共1

17、37页第31页/共137页 10. The bell _ the end of the period rang, _ our heated discussion. A. indicating; interrupting B. indicated; interrupting C. indicating; interrupted D. indicated; interrupted 第32页/共137页第33页/共137页 12. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into t

18、he woods. A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing第34页/共137页第35页/共137页 14. _in the queue of half an hour. Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited 15. The picture _ o

19、n the wall is painted by my nephew. A. Having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung第36页/共137页16. Do you mind _ alone at home? A. Jane leaving B. Jane having left C. Janes being left D. Jane to be left第37页/共137页Thank you!第38页/共137页形式非谓语动词的时态和语态第39页/共137页1.The glass is _ (break).2.They were deeply _(

20、move).3.The building (build)last year can hold 1,000 people.4.When I walked home, I saw a man _(catch) by the police.5._(see) from the top of the hill, the town looks even more beautiful.6.Deeply _(move) by the story, the children began to cry.brokenmovedbuiltcaught Seenmoved 作表语,相当于一个形容词,说明主语的状态)作定

21、语,表被动）作宾语补足语,表被动）作宾语补足语,表被动）第40页/共137页辨析几类情况：第41页/共137页1. 动名词做主语往往表示泛指的、一般的行为; 不定式 做主语常表示某次具体的行为或将来的动作。Climbing mountains is great fun. 爬山很有趣。 To visit China is my next goal. 2. 不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job.3. 动名词作主语有时用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句 尾。常见于以下句型中：Its

22、no use/ good / Its fun/useful/ nice/ useless e.g Its nice seeing you again. 一、不定式与动名词做主语：第42页/共137页1. _ a language requires time and effort. A. Learn B. Learning C. To learn D. Being learned2. It is not always easy _ invitations. A. to refuse B. refusing C. to be refused D. being refused3. How _ the

23、 problem will be discussed at tomorrows meeting. A. to solve B. to be solved C. being solved D. solving4. It is no good _. You should give_. A. to smoke, it up B. smoking, it up C. smoking, up it D. to smoke, up it第43页/共137页二、不定式与动名词做宾语：第44页/共137页 decide to do sth. 决定做某事 want would like to do sth. 想

24、做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某 need to do sth. 需要做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事 afford to do 能做某事 be used to do 被用来做 cant wait to do 迫不及待地要做某事 make up ones mind to do 下决心做某事 used to do 过去常常做某事 fail to do 未能做某事第45页/共137页第46页/共137页 喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习 错过建议保持介意值得考虑 （押韵）第47页/共137页 enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 spend.doing

25、 sth. 花费做某事 be busy doing sth. 忙于做 imagine sb. doing sth. 想象做某事 cant help doing sth. 忍不住做某事 feel like doing sth. 想要做某事 finish doing sth. 完成做某事 practice doing sth. 练习做某事第48页/共137页错过建议保持介意值得考虑第49页/共137页 常考介词: at, in, on of, off, for, from up, about, without to 等等第50页/共137页第51页/共137页第52页/共137页第53页/共137

26、页to do doing remember forger (do在后在后) 要做要做（do在前）做过在前）做过stop go on （两个字）两件事（两个字）两件事 （一个字）一件事（一个字）一件事likehatelove一次性一次性 长期长期 try 尽力做尽力做 尝试做尝试做 startbegin一样一样 一样一样 第54页/共137页第55页/共137页forget doing/to do 第56页/共137页第57页/共137页第58页/共137页第59页/共137页第60页/共137页第61页/共137页第62页/共137页9. I forgot _ my name when I f

27、inished _ the composition. A. to sign, to writing B. to sign, writing C. signing, writing10. -You were brave enough to raised objections at the meeting. -Well, now I regret _ that. A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done 11 . She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake.

28、A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned第63页/共137页第64页/共137页第65页/共137页三、不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词做表语 1. 表示一定的概念，具有名词的性质时，不定式和动名词可以互换。 e.g. My hobby is collecting/ to collect ancient coins. 2. 若表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时，一般用不定式。 e.g. My wish is to find a part-time job this summer. 3. 现在分词和过去分词作表语具有形容词特征,也

29、可以作为形容词。但要注意二者的区别 e.g. The party was very exciting. They were very excited at the news第66页/共137页1. Her wish is _ an engineer. A. becoming B. become C. to become D. being come2.Some peoples greatest pleasure is _. A. fishing B. to fish C. to be fishing D. being fish3. The report was so _ that they we

30、re all _. A. inspiring, exciting B. inspiring, excited C. inspired, excited D. inspired, exciting4. -“You look pale.” -“I feel a little _.” A. tireB. tiredC. tiring D. tiresome 第67页/共137页四、不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词做定语 1. 不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后，表示未发生的动作或将要发生的某一动作。 e.g. The train to arrive is from London He is alway

31、s the first to come and the last to leave. 2. 动名词做定语往往说明所修饰词的某种用途，一般 放在被修饰词的前面。 e.g. a washing machine （动名词做定语，= a machine which is used for washing） 洗衣机 a reading room（动名词做定语，= a room which is used for reading） 阅览室第68页/共137页3. 现在分词作定语表示主动、正在进行的动作。过去分词作定语则表示被动、或完成的意义。单个分词 或形容词性的分词作定语往往放在被修饰词的前面；分词短语

32、作定语多置于被修饰词后面。 e.g. the rising sun（现在分词做定语，= the sun which is rising）正在升起的太阳 the changing world（现在分词做定语，= the world which is changing）变化中的世界 a moving movie 感人的电影 excited voice激动的声音 （形容词性分词作定语）fallen leaves 落叶 a broken cup 一个破了的杯子 （过去分词作定语则表示被动、或完成）第69页/共137页1. She said she had a important meeting_. A

33、. to attend in B. to attend C. attend D. attending2. He is always the first _ questions. A. to answer B. answering C. to be answered D. being answered3. The Olympic Games _ in the year 2012 will be a great success. A. being held B. to be held C. held D. to hold4. The first textbooks _ for teaching E

34、nglish as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written第70页/共137页5. At present, English is the main subject _ here. A. to be taught B. being taught C. teaching D. to be teaching 6. -Who are those people with the banner? -A group _ its

35、elf the League for peace. A. calling B. calls C. called D. is called 7. The pen _ belongs to me. A. which it is on the table B. lying on the table C. is on the table D. which on the table 第71页/共137页五、不定式、现在分词、过去分词做补足语 1. 在“动词+宾语+不定式”结构中，不定式作宾语补足语，“宾语+不定式”构成了复合宾语。 有些动词要求不定式不带to，有些要求必须带to，还有的带与不带都可以。

36、以下动词后常跟带符号to的不定式做宾语补足语： ask, tell, want, wish, order, persuade, advise, allow, warn, encourage, cause, require等。e.g. The doctor advised him to stay in bed for another few days. We wish him to remain and accept the post. 我们希望他留下来接受这个职位。第72页/共137页 请求与命令 想要邀请期待鼓励与建议 答应告诫允许提醒和帮助ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某

37、事请求某人做某事 order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事命令某人做某事promise sb. to do 答应某人做某事 warn sb. not to do sth. 告诫某人做某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事第73页/共137页 有些感官动词和使役动词，如see, watch, hear, feel, notice, observe, look at, listen to, let, have, make, keep, ge

38、t等后常跟不带符号to的不定式做宾语补足语，常表动作的整个过程。 e.g. We noticed him enter the house. 我们留意到他进了那所房子。 The boss made them work twelve hours a day. 老板让他们一天干12小时工作。第74页/共137页第75页/共137页1. My mother often asks me _ some cleaning on Sundays A do B. does C. did D. to do 2. Do you often hear John _in his room ? Listen! Now w

39、e can hear him _ in his room . A.sing , to sing B. sing, sing C. sing , singing D. to sing , singing 3. I watched her _ in the next room last night. A.dancing B. to dance C. dances D. dance4.Lets _swimming after the exam . A.go B. goes C. to go D. went5. Youd better _a bus .A.to catch B. catch C. ca

40、tches D. catching第76页/共137页6. The doctor advised Lao Li _ more rest. A. that he get B. to get C. would get D. get7. Soon they saw the boy_ in the crowd. A. disappear B. to disappear C. disappears D. disappeared8. Birds are seldom heard _ at night. A. sing B. singing C. to sing D. to be singing 第77页/

41、共137页2. 现在分词做补足语分两种情况： 形容词性质的现在分词作补足语 e.g. I find the book very interesting. 我发现这本书非常有趣。（宾语补足语） The boy is found very annoying. 发现这个小男孩很令人讨厌.（主语补足语） 动词性质的现在分词作补足语：感官动词和使役动词,如see, watch, hear, feel, notice, observe, look at, listen to, let, have, make, keep, get等后可以跟表示动作性质的现在分词作补足语,表示“正在或持续做某事”。 e.g.

42、 I see him passing by a bank. 我看见他正经过一家银行。（宾语补足语） He was seen working in the garden. 有人看见他正在花园里干活。（主语补足语）第78页/共137页1. He kept me _ for many hours. A. to wait B. having been waited C. waiting D. waited 2. Mother caught the boy _ in the corner. A. smoke B. to smoke C. smoking D. being smoked 3. Having

43、 read the Emperors New Clothes, we all found it _. A. interest B. interested C. interesting D. to interest 第79页/共137页第80页/共137页第81页/共137页3. 过去分词(done)做宾语补足语，说明宾语的性质或状态，与宾语一起构成复合宾语，其前的宾语是它的逻辑主语。 若是及物动词的过去分词，既表示被动，也可以表示动作已经完成（即先于谓语动词）。 若是不及物动词的过去分词，则只表示完成。 句子由主动变被动时，宾语补足语相应的变为主语补足语。 The boss found his

44、 plan carried out successfully. The boy was found lost in the forest. Have you heard this song sung in Japanese? (宾补) This song is often heard sung everywhere in China. (主补)第82页/共137页1. I need this chapter _ before tomorrow. A. rewriting B. rewritten C. rewrite D. to write again2. When she returned

45、home, she found the window open and something _. A. to steal B. losing C. missed D. stolen 3. There was so much noise that the speaker could not make himself _. A. being heard B. heard C. hearing D. hear 第83页/共137页六、不定式、现在分词、过去分词做状语 1. 不定式做状语，主要表示目的、结果、原因以及评论性状语。 不定式往往放在系表结构后面，表示产生某种情绪或状态的原因。 e.g. S

46、he was surprised to see Jim walk in. 看到吉姆进来，她很惊讶。 不定式可以单独作目的状语，有时为了强调目的性, 在不定式前可以加上in order, so as。 e.g. To succeed, one must first of all believe in himself. In order to keep warm, we shut all the windows. 第84页/共137页 不定式表结果,常用在too to, enough to结构中。有时不定式前加上only,表示出人意料的结果。 e.g. The child is old enoug

47、h to dress himself. We hurried to the station only to be told that the train had left. The husband left his wife, never to return. 有些不定式是用来表示说话者的观点或态度的，放在句子之外，修饰整个句子，我们称之为评论性状语。 e.g. I have never seen such a person, to tell you the truth. To cut a long story short, we disagree. 长话短说，我们不同意。六、不定式、现在分词

48、、过去分词做状语 第85页/共137页2. 现在分词做状语可表示时间、原因、结果、伴随、方 式、目的以及作评论性状语等。 现在分词的一般式作时间状语，往往表示动作与谓语动词同时发生或相继发生。现在分词的完成式作时间状语，往往表示动作先于谓语动词发生。 e.g. Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy. Having finished his speech, he answered our questions. 作原因状语： Living far from the school, I have to get up early in the mornin

49、g. 作结果状语，常位于句尾，前面的主句表示原因，后面的分词短语表示直接造成的结果。 e.g. The fire lasted a whole night, causing great damage. 第86页/共137页1. I have enjoyed my visit here. Ill be very sorry _. A. for leaving B. of leaving C. to leave D. left 2. I went to see him _ him out. A. finding B. find C. only to find D. only found 第87页/

50、共137页 作伴随或方式状语，表示与谓语动词同时发生的另一动作。 e.g. Following Tom, we started to climb. She came riding a brand-new bike. 现在分词作目的状语往往具有伴随性，多放于句尾，且与主句间用逗号隔开。 e.g. Jane kept silent, trying not to show her feelings. 作评论性状语，有些惯用的分词短语在句中可以独立存在，它们用来修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点等。常见的有： generally speaking一般说来 strictly speaking严格说来 ro

51、ughly speaking大致说来 narrowly speaking狭义上说 judging from/ by由判断。 Judging from her accent, she must come from Australia. 第88页/共137页1. _ the cry for help, people immediately rushed out of the rooms. A. To hear B. Hearing C. Having heard D. They hearing 2. _ Hello, he reached out his hand. A. Said B. Sayi

52、ng C. Talked about D. Talking to 第89页/共137页3. 过去分词在句中可作时间、原因、条件、伴随、方式等状语。 过去分词作时间状语可置于句首，也可以置于句尾，有时还可以置于主语和谓语之间。Asked about his address, the boy didnt respond. Seen from the hill, the city looks beautiful. 作原因状语，常置于句首。 Infected with the H1N1, the little boy was separated from the other children. 作条件

53、状语：United, we stand; divided, we fall. 合则立，分则败。 作伴随或方式状语：The pop star hurried up to her car, followed by her fans.第90页/共137页1. _ from the tallest building, the whole city looks very beautiful. A. See B. Saw C. Seeing D. Seen 2. _ the past, our life is much better. A. Comparing with B. Be compared wi

54、th C. To compare with D. Compared with 第91页/共137页下面从二个方面来探究非谓语动词的解题方法：1.非谓语动词的七大经典原则2.非谓语动词解题四大步骤非谓语动词题的做题技巧第92页/共137页一.非谓语动词的 七大经典原则第93页/共137页原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用现在分词原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing 或不定式原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式原则七：用于名词后作

55、定语时，原则是：用不定式，表示动作尚未发生; 用-ing，表示动作正在进行; 用过去分词，表示动作已经发生，同时表示被动意义。英语非谓语动词题的七条经典原则第94页/共137页原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式1.When asked why he went there， he said he was sent there _ for a space flight. A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained【解析】由于进行航空飞行训练是他被派往那儿的目的，所以要用不定式，因此可排除 A 和 B。另外，由

56、于“他”与“训练”为被动关系， 故选 D。 第95页/共137页2. _ this cake， youll need 2 eggs， 175 g sugar and 175 g flour. A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making 第96页/共137页3.As the light turned green， I stood for a moment， not _， and asked myself what I was going to do. A. moved B. moving C. to move D. Being moved【解析】由于与

57、句子主语之间为主动关系，且表示当 时持续了一会 儿，故用-ing。句意为：当信号灯变绿时，我站在那儿一会儿没动，心想自己该怎么办。 原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用-ing.第97页/共137页4. He sat _ to her _ the stairs. A. to listen; to climb B. listening; to climb C. listening; climb D. listening; climbing listen to do/doing 【解析】listen是伴随sat而同时由主语he发出的，所以用-ing作伴随状语；listen to 后跟不带to的不定式/

58、-ing作宾补。第98页/共137页用括号里的词的适当形式填空1. She wrote to the editor , _that the editor would be able to help her（ hope ）2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped there _ on a big rock( rest )3.The secretary worked late into night , _ a long speech. ( prepare )4. _ warm, we shut all the windows. ( keep )pr

59、eparingto resthopingTo keep,ing形式作伴随状语与 to do作目的状语的区别：作伴随状语的ing形式与谓语动词的动作同时发生且前面常常带一逗号;而作目的状语的不定式的动作要比谓语动词的动作后发生，且前面不能用逗号。第99页/共137页原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式，其区别是，一般用-ing，表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。不定式用作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。5. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，_ in the na

60、tural light during the day. A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let 【解析 此处用-ing 表示自然而然的结果。 如：It rained heavily， causing severe flooding in that place. 大雨滂沱，造成了那个地方洪水泛滥。第100页/共137页6. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year，_ a record US$ 57. 65 a barrel on April 4.A. have re