山东省潍坊实验高级中学2020届高三英语二轮复习专题训练：(七)概要写作专项

1、【二轮专题练】（七）概要写作专项A阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。While it takes time, energy and money that could surely be put to a much more productive use, there are millions of collectors around the world. People collect postcards, chocolate wrappers or whatever they like. Collecting must be one of the most varied hu

2、man activities, and it ' s one that many psychologists find fascinating. Many forms of collecting have been dignified with a technical name: an arctophilist collects teddy bears, a philatelist collects postage stamps and a deltiologist collects postcards.There are people who collect something be

3、cause they want to make money, and this could be called an instrumental reason for collecting, that is, collecting as a means to an end. They will look for, say, antiques （古董）that they can buy cheaply and expect to be able to sell at a profit. But there may well be a psychological factor too: buying

4、 cheap and selling dear can keep the collector a sense of achievement. And as selling online is so easy, more people are joining in.If you think about collecting postage stamps, another potential reason for it is its educational value. Stamp collecting opens a window to other countries and to the pl

5、ants, animals or famous people shown on the stamps. Similarly, in the nineteenth century many collectors amassed （ 积累） animals and plants from around the globe and their collections provide a vast amount of information about the natural world. Without those collections, our understanding would be gr

6、eatly inferior to what it is.Not all collectors are interested in learning from their hobby, though, so what we might call a psychological reason for collecting is the need for a sense of control and a sense of fulfillment, perhaps as a way of dealing with insecurity. Stamp collectors, for instance,

7、 arrange their stamp albums, usually very neatly, organizing their collections according to certain commonplace principles - perhaps by country in alphabetic order or grouping stamps by what they describe 一 people, birds, maps and so on.B阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Work is a very important part of lif

8、e in the United States. When the early immigrants came to this country, they brought the idea that work was the way to God and heaven. This attitude still influences America today. Work is not only important for the salary, but also for social and psychological working, being productive. For most Am

9、ericans, they are what they do. What happens, then, when a person retires at the age of sixty -five or seventy? It ' s easy to imagine that retirement is no easy thing. Retirees often feel they are unproductive and no longer needed by others.Once people retire, they may also get into financial t

10、rouble. Many people rely on Social Security checks every month. During their working years, employees contribute a certain percentage of their salaries to the government. When people retire, they receive this money as income. These checks do not provide enough money to live on, however, because pric

11、es are increasing very rapidly. After retirement, they have to change their lifestyles. They have to spend carefully to be sure that they can afford to buy food, fuel, and other necessities.Of course, not all senior citizens feel sad when they are in face of retirement. Working for somany years, the

12、y eventually have time to spend with their families or to enjoy their hobbies such as reading, traveling or joining some senior citizen clubs. Some continue to work part time; others choose to do volunteer work like helping young people to get started in new business.American government is taking st

13、eps to ease the problems of retired people. They are building new housing, offering discounts in stores and museums and on buses, and providing other services, such as free courses, food service, and help with housework. It is wise to do so. Retired citizens are an important part of the population a

14、nd their special needs must be concerned about. After all, everyone will be a senior citizen someday.C阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。In recent weeks, a report on the value of homework has been raising concern. In a word, homework for elementary school children is not beneficial. Texas teacher Brandy Youn

15、g has her own view. Instead of filling up the extra free time with sports or extracurricular activities, Mrs Young requested that parents take time to be with their children. " Iask that you spend your evenings doing things that are proven to correlate with studentssuch as eating succersssa fam

16、ily, reading together, playing outside and getting your child to bed early, she said. ”The fact that Mrs Young' s notdnas drawn public attention suggests just how unusual and appreciated her advice is. But while her advice is rare, it corresponds （ 符合）with one of the three elements that medical

17、doctor Leonard Sax believes is a forgotten aspect of parenting, enjoying your children.In his book, The Collapse of Parenting, Sax notes that so many parents who are occupied with checking their e-mails and making sure that their child doesn ' nb iss out on opportunities often miss out on the bi

18、ggest opportunity of all: time together. Sax writes:" Enjoy the time youhave with your kids. That means no devices at mealtime. When you are sitting at the table together, the focus should be on interaction. Listen to your child and talk with your child. Those who fail to do so send an unintend

19、ed message that relaxed time together as a family is the lowest priority of all. ”In modern America, the family unit has fallen into deeper and deeper disorder. The publicexpert pareneducation system has stepped in to pick up the slack by becoming a substitutewill guide children to success and a fun

20、ctional future. But if the recent chaos and low academic improved academic and behavioral success coming out of our schools, are we going to need more teachers and experts like Mrs Young and Dr Sax to encourage and enable families to spend more time with one another?scores in the schools can't b

21、euchlvemeth od isnt working there eithdf. we want to seeD阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。We know about the power of expectations. Here are five ways to maximize their power in your classroom. There is a strange but important difference between aspiration （抱负）and expectation. Aspirations are about wanting

22、to be better, while expectations convey a belief about the likelihood of success. Raising expectations has been proven to help pupils, but the same effect can ' t be achieved by aspirationsThe Education Endowment Foundation reviewed on aspirations and found that interventions which aim to raise

23、aspirations have little positive impact on educational achievement. But if expectations are set at the right level, to be both challenging and realistic, they can help students to improve their performance and academic achievement.Research suggests that the effect of expectations is mostly pronounce

24、d at the start of the school year or at the beginning of new tasks and topics. This is because students tend to start projects with an open mind about how they should do and they are looking for guidance on how to achieve success. Make sure they hear a positive voice full of belief and confidence th

25、at they can succeed - before their self-doubt starts to come in.Psychologists have calculated that when high expectations are only coming from teachers, they will only help a minority of students. Parents also play a huge role in shaping young people' sopinions on seeing themselves. A recent rev

26、iew on how parents can help their children succeed at school found that high expectations had the greatest impact. Valuing education and expecting children to succeed convey the importance and likelihood of success in school.A word of caution is needed when it comes to expectations. More is not alwa

27、ys better. Evidence suggests that when expectations are unrealistic - that is, if they far exceed （超越）a child ' ability this can lead to a downturn in academic performance. Furthermore, these excessive expectations can be a source of stress and anxiety for students. When it comes to expectations

28、, it seems that challenging but realistic should be the guiding principle.E阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60词左右的内容概要。The brown widow spider became established in Southern California in early 2000 and has become part of the local spider family in urban Los Angeles and San Diego. The brown widow spider is continuing

29、 its expansion in Southern California and could possibly move northward into Central California.The brown widow is suspected to have evolved in Africa although it was first described from South America, which adds confusion as to where it might have originated. It is a tropical and subtropical spide

30、r having established populations in Hawaii, Florida, parts of Australia, South Africa and Japan.The brown widow builds its web in protected sites around homes and in woody vegetation with branches. Some typical sites selected by brown widows for web building are empty containers such as buckets and

31、nursery pots, entry way corners, storage closets and garages. They choose places that are more exposed than sites chosen by black widows and therefore, appear to be at higher risk for interactions with humans as far as bites are concerned.One recent study demonstrates that the brown widow spider is

32、less poisonous than other widow species. The reason for the weaker effect of brown widow bites on humans is possibly because the brown widow does not have much poison as its larger relatives, but it is really a threat to humans as to its poison. The two major symptoms of a brown widow bite were that

33、 the bite hurt when it was given and it left a red mark.There is no specific information regarding the control of brown widows by farm chemicals.Most current advice is what is used for controlling spiders in general. Therefore, most commercially available farm chemicals should work on brown widows.

34、Avoiding a mess of the house and the garage should reduce nest sites for them. Also, one should store garage items in plastic bags where there might be interactions with spiders.F 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Cycling isn ' t always easyy streets, honking horns, and inadequate bike lanes can make it

35、 an uphill battle. But not even these difficulties can stop Europeans' passion for cycling. Accorto BBC, bicycles outsold cars in 26 of the European Union' s 28 states last year.There are traditional “bicycle capitals such as Amsterdam in the Netherlands and Copenhagen in Denmark. But in man

36、y other traditionally car-made countries, the shift to bikes is striking. Italians, for instance, bought 1.6 million bikes against 1.4 million cars in 2012.So what has led to cycling' s growing popularity in Europe?The economic crisis has played an important role in the issue." The economic

37、 crisis has hadan effect on all areas of people' s lives, including on transport,“ Giiflteiea Pagliaccio, head oItalian cycling federation FIAB, told the Australian Associated Press.Since the European debt crisis broke out in 2009, more people have lost their jobs while the cost of living, inclu

38、ding fuel costs, continued to rise. It forced many people to give up driving to save money, the Guangzhou-based New Express commented. Take Greece, a country seriously hit by the crisis, for example. It sold 320,000 bikes last year against 58,000 cars.More importantly, people have changed their view

39、s toward cars and bikes. Cars are losing their appeal as status symbols. Yet, cycling is now seen as“ a safe, clean, healthy, inexpensive wayto get around town , he Daily Star concluded. "It not only reduces traffic jam and pollution, but also contributes to public health.”However, with more an

40、d more people turning to cycling, questions remain about traffic and safety problems.To ease people ' s worries, dozens of cities have joined a European Unioinitiative to make bicycles equal to cars as a form of urban transport. Quite a few cities now offer well-marked bike lanes, such as the cy

41、cling super-highway marked in blue in London. It runs all over the city, from the center to the suburbs.G 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。A father ' s relationship to his child' s currendemnic success and the level of hisor her development in academic potential and scholastic achievement are both

42、factors with some rather interesting implications that educators are beginning to study. As a matter of fact, father has been discovered to be a very important factor in determining a child' s progress or lacof progress in school.A recent survey of over 16,000 children made by the National Child

43、 Development Study in London revealed that children whose fathers came to school conferences and accompanied their children on outings did better in school than those children whose fathers were not involved in those activities. The study, which monitored children born during a week in March, 1992,

44、from the time of their birth through the years of their early schooling, further revealed that the children of actively involved fathers scored much higher in reading and math than those children whose only involved parent was the mother. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the role played by f

45、athers in the raising of a child. It indicated a much higher level of parental involvement by the father than had been anticipated. Over 66% of the fathers were said to have played a major role in parental responsibility.The study also suggested that the greatest level of parenting took place in the

46、 families of only child. As the number of children and financial expenses increases, the father ' s apparent interest and involvement with the children decreased. However, no matter what the size or financial condition of the family, a father ' s active participation in the child' s deve

47、lopment made a definitedifference in the child ' s progress.The study further revealed that while the frequency of overnight absences reflected a corresponding deficiency of the child ' s level in math and reading, a father' s employment on nightshifts appeared to have little effect on t

48、he child' s academic progress. The information evaluatingthe level of the father ' s parenting performance was taken primarily from the admittedly subjecti observations of their wives.参考答案A【参考范文】Collecting wins the hearts of many people despite the time, effort and money they have to invest.

49、 To make a fortune is one of the reasons accounting for the habit of collecting, where a sense of accomplishment is also granted. Its academic merits are also obvious because people may have a better comprehension of the world with the information their collections provide. Actually, people sometime

50、s just enjoy the feeling of domination and collecting serves as a hobby to resist insecurity.B【参考范文】Work plays an extremely important role in American culture, so people find retirement difficult as they may feel useless without jobs. Retirement can also bring financial problems as Social Security c

51、hecks don' provide enough money. However, some senior citizens feel happy about retirement as they finally get time to do what they really want. American government is solving retired citizens' problems and concerning their specwhlineedwise and necessary,because everyone will get old.C【参考范文】

52、Recently, a teacher named Brandy Young appeals to parents to spend more time with their children rather than supervise their homework. Mrs Young' proposal has caused reaction. Medical doctor Leonard Sax also thinks parents now fail to enjoy their children growing up. American education calls for more