突破高考英语词汇+语法：新概念英语第三册lesson20Pioneerpilots每句详解

1、Lesson20 Pioneer pilots生词学习Pioneer n.先当区Young pioneer 少先队员；A pioneer of operation 手术的开仓者A pioneer socialist社会学领域的先驱A pioneer photographer最早的摄影师补充：词汇学-eer:从事某种职业的人engineer 工 程师； mountaineer 登 山者；profiteer 投机的 商人；volunteer志愿者；auctioneer 拍卖师1-1 1908年，诺斯克利夫勋爵拿出1,000英镑，作为对第一个飞越英吉利海峡的人的奖励。In 1908 Lord Nor

2、thcliffe offered a prize of &1000 to the first man who would fly across the English Channel.生词学习lord n.对(英国)贵族的尊称；勋爵补充：同根词lordless adj.无君主的,无丈夫的；lordship n.贵族权力,贵族身份lordly adj.&adv. 高傲的，贵族般地，有气派地补充：背景知识欧洲爵位分为公，侯，伯，子，男皇族与贵族的勋衔(peerages )共分五大级，其名称与它们的相对女性称谓如下：公爵 Duke(Duchess) 、侯爵 Marquis(Marchioness)

3、、伯爵Earl(Countess) 、 子 爵 Viscount(Viscountess) 、 男 爵 Baron(Baroness) 。但男爵之下还有从男爵( Baronet ),是世袭爵位中 最低级者固定搭配对 提供 的奖励 offer a prize of.to【补充： award a prize 颁奖、授奖； receive/win a prize 获奖】句式句法the first man who would fly across =the first man to fly across.序数词和动词不定式 to搭配连用可以代替其后的定语从句-the first person to g

4、reet him was a local policeman-She was the only one to survive the plane crash.她与飞机失事的人。=She was the only one that survive the plane crash.注：学会将从句简化成简单句的方法。1-2然而一年多过去了才有人出来尝试。Over a year passed before the first attempt was made.生词学习attempt n.努力，尝试，企图vt.尝试，企图（attempt 的语气比try强烈）in ones attempt-She fai

5、led in her attempt to swim the English Channel.她横度英吉利海峡的尝试失败了。make an attempt on-He made an attempt on the mountain. make an attempt to do他试图攀登那座山-She made every attempt to run away. make no attempt-She made no attempt to run away.她想尽一切办法逃走她没有想逃走句式句法Over a year passed before the first attempt was ma

6、de. = A year later, the first attempt was made.注：表示“多久时间以后发生某事”可以用句型“段时间+pass before +发生的事情”，和 after/later 相比，更强调时间段比较长。A week passed before he received her letter.的信。一周以后，他收到了她It was an hour before the police arrived. =The police did not arrive until an hour later.Many years had gone by before I sa

7、w her again.=I didn again until many years had gone by.t see her1-3 1909年7月19日凌晨，休伯特.莱瑟姆驾驶 安特瓦特4号”飞机从 法国海岸起飞。On July 19th,1909, in the early morning, Hubert Latham tookoff from the French coast in his plane the Antoinette IV.固定搭配（飞机）起飞 take off （from.）【补充：飞机着陆land 11-4但他只在海峡上空飞行7英里，引擎就发生了故障，他只好降落在海面

8、上。He had travelled only seven miles across the Channel when hisengine failed and he was forced to land on the sea生词学习Failed 失灵，出故障break down ；失败The brakes failed so the car crashed into a tree.She failed to win the prize.补充：灵活用法When I saw him, my words failed me.当我见到他的时候 ，我不知道说什么好了。The day slowly fa

9、iled.白昼渐渐逝去。The roses failed for the lack of water.玫瑰因为缺水而凋零了。His thesis failed in consistency.他的论文缺乏连贯性。When we demanded his help, he failed us.当我们需要他帮助时，他令我们很失望。The company failed due to poor management.公司因管理不善而倒闭。固定搭配降落在海上 land on the sea不得不做某事（可以替换 have to ） be forced to do sth.句式句法此句中的seven mil

10、es在句子作状语。在英文中，表达距离、长度等名词短语可放在不及物动词后做状语。One cat, Sabrina, fell 32 storeys, yet only suffered from a broken tooth.I walked a long distancebefore arriving at the station.1-5 “安特瓦特”号飞机在海上漂浮，后来有船经过，莱瑟姆方才获救。The Antoinette floated on the water until Latham was picked up by a ship.生词学习picked up此短语在本句的意思是：be

11、 rescued补充：pick up其他意思I picked up the book he threw away.捡起She picked up her jacket from the dry cleanerCan you please pick me up at the airport?取回来 接人Pick up a foreign language Pick up sb. on the street. My radio can pick up VOA.学习一门外语偶遇接收固定搭配在海上漂流 float on the water【补充：float down stream顺流而下；float

12、in the breeze在风中飘扬】句式句法until用于肯定句，表示主句动作一直持续直到从句动作发生，故而主句动 词一定要用延续动词。举例“我将要离开办公室，要到下周二才能回来。”I will leave my office until next Tuesday.一个短暂性动作。）I will be away from my office until next Tuesday.（错误）（解析：leave是（正确）2-1两天之后，路易斯.布莱里奥驾驶一名为“11号”的飞机来到加来附近。Two days later, Louis Bleriot arrived near Calais with

13、 a plane called No. XI.2-2布莱里奥从1905年起便开始研制飞机, 型号。“11号”飞机是他制作的最新Bleriot had been making planes since 1905 and this was his latest model .固定搭配研制飞机 make planes最新型号 the latest model2-3 一周以前，他曾成功地进行了一次26英里的陆上飞行。weekbefore,hehad completedsuccessful overland flight during which he covered twenty-six miles.

14、生词学习Overland adj.陆上的补充：over做前缀，表示“超过”。Overnight n.头天晚上 adj.通宵的，晚上的，前夜的 adv.在前一夜，整夜，昨晚一晚上如：an overnight trip 一整夜的旅行 / an overnight guest过夜的客人 overpopulated adj. 人口过密的，人口过剩的 overseas adv. 海外adj.外国的，海外的 overeat vt.使吃过量 vi.吃得过多oversleep vt.（ 使）睡过头vi.睡过头，睡得太久 overwork n.过度工作v.（使）工作过度overcharge v. 讨价过高，使过

15、量装填,过度充电n.超载，过重的负担，过 度充电 overestimate vt.评价过高 n.估计的过高 cover此处 cover 表示“走完，完成”We have already covered half of the distance. 补充：cover的其他用法覆盖面积The garden covers 10,000 square metres.The report covers most of his key points.固定搭配成功进行飞行complete a successful flight句式句法which引导定语从句，先行词是 flight ,关系代词which在从句中

16、做介词本句可以改写为：A weekduring 的宾语。during which = during flight before, he had completed a successful overland flight and during the flight he covered twenty-six miles.补充：介词和关系代词搭配的用法1在正式的用法和用于书面语中，当定语从句的关系代词是介词的宾语时，能够把可移位的介词提前放在关系代词的前面。-This is the person about whom I was telling you.-Is this the book for

17、 which you asked me?2在非正式的用法和口语当中，介词一般要放在从句的末尾。3有些动词+介词，合成词组被看作是不可分隔的语言单位。这个时候介词必须紧跟动词,不可移位-take after, account for2-4但是莱瑟姆不肯轻易罢休。Latham, however did not give up easily.2-5同一天，他驾驶一架新的安特瓦特”号飞机来到了加来附近。He, too, arrived near Calais on the same day with a new Antonette.2-6看来会有一场激烈的飞越英吉利海峡的竞争。It looks as

18、if there would be an exciting race across the Channel.句式句法look/feel/seemas if/though似乎，好像 （后面要用虚拟语气，过去式或过去完成时）It looked as if there would be a heavy storm.It looks as if we made the right choice.He looked as if he hadn t slept for a whole week.It looked as if his side had gained the upper hand in th

19、e negotiation.He behaved as though he were superior.The woman treated the homeless boy as if he were her own child.注意：as if/though + 判断、推测某种迹象，从句使用陈述语气。Dark clouds are gathering. It looked as if it is going to rain.It seems as though he has made up his mind.2-7两天飞机都打算在7月25日起飞，但莱瑟姆那天起床晚了。Both planes were going to take off on July 25th, but Latham failed to get up early enough.固定搭配没有能够做某事（肯定形式，表达否定概念）fail to do sth.2-8布莱里奥凌晨4点15分作了一次短距离试飞，半小时后便正式出发了。(After making a short test flight at 4.15 a.m.), Bleriot set off half an hour later.固定搭配试飞 make a test flight【补充：test drive 试驾】出发set off2-9他