friendship---grammar

1、1Direct speech 直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语& indirect speech2 The boy said , “I love English.”The boy said that he loved English.3一随主，二随宾，三不变一随主，二随宾，三不变 He said, “I dont like rice.”He said he didnt like rice.She said to Jim: “You will give a speech tomorrow.”She told Jim he would give a speech the next da

2、y. He said to her: “Tom can help you.”He told her Tom could help her.1. 人称变化人称变化42.时态的变化时态的变化She often says that all men and women are equal under the law.主句动词为一般现在时时主句动词为一般现在时时从句动词时从句动词时态不变态不变She often says, All men and women are equal under the law.5一般现在时改为一般过去时一般现在时改为一般过去时He said, I know it.He sa

3、id that he knew it. 主句动词为一般过去时，时态做相应变化主句动词为一般过去时，时态做相应变化一般过去时改为过去完成时一般过去时改为过去完成时I saw her yesterday,he said.He said he had seen her the day before. 6现在进行时改为过去进行时现在进行时改为过去进行时Im making coffee for you all, she said.She said she was making coffee for us all. 现在完成时改为过去完成时现在完成时改为过去完成时He said, I have seen

4、her before.He said he had seen her before. 7过去完成时仍然为过去完成时过去完成时仍然为过去完成时Jack said, Rick had been ill for many days .Jack said that Rick had been ill for many days. 一般将来时改为过去将来时一般将来时改为过去将来时He said, We shall start tomorrow.He said they would start the next day.8由直接引语转变为间接引语由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况下列情况时态不变时态不变:

5、1. 直接引语是客观直接引语是客观真理真理，格言，谚语时，格言，谚语时:The earth moves around the sun, the teacher said to us.The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.92.直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语时日作状语时: Xiao Wang said, “I was born on April 2l, 1980.” Xiao Wang said he was born on April 21, 1980.10that引导的宾语从

6、句引导的宾语从句Jane said that she was very fond of traveling.陈述句陈述句Jane said, Im very fond of traveling.3.引导词和语序引导词和语序11whether/if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句John asked Mary if that was her umbrella. 一般疑问句一般疑问句, 反意疑问句，选择疑问句反意疑问句，选择疑问句Is this your umbrella, Mary? asked John.12wh-词词（疑问词）引导的宾语从句（疑问词）引导的宾语从句John asked Mary

7、 when she would return him the book. 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句John asked Mary, When will you return me the book?13由直接引语转变为间接引语由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列代词、下列代词、形容词、副词、动词等可能要变化形容词、副词、动词等可能要变化thatthosethenbeforethat daythe next/following day14in two days timethe day beforethe night beforetwo days beforegothere15 祈使句祈使句间接引语的动词常

8、用间接引语的动词常用tell, order, advise, warn sb. to do sth.The officer ordered him not to move.The officer said to him, “Dont move.”16that/what/how引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句He said that he was very happy.He said how happy he was. 感叹句感叹句He said: “How happy I am!”171. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.” Jack told m

9、e that _ worried _. A. he lookstoday B. you looktoday C. we lookedthat day D. I lookedthat dayExercise II182. We said to her, “Theyre walking through the street now.” We told her that _ through the street _. A. we were walkingthen B. you are walkingnow C .they were walkingthen D. they walkingnow 193

10、. Mr Black said, “I have walked a long way this week.” Mr Black said that _ a long way _. A. I had walkedlast week B. he had walkedthat week C. I walkedlast week D. he has walkedthis week204. The man thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.” The man thought that _ take it back _. A. I shalltomorrow

11、B. I shallthe next day C. he shouldtomorrow D. he would the next day 215. They said to us, “Are you afraid to leave this house ?” They asked us _ afraid to leave _ house. A. that were wethis B. that we werethat C. if were we this D. if we werethat226. Jane said, “What did he hear about a week ago?”

12、Jane asked _ about _. A. that he hearda week ago B. what he had heardthe week before C. what he had herd a week ago D. if he heardthe week ago237. She asked, “Whose house will he break into next time ?” She asked whose house _ break into _. A. will henext time B. would hethe next time C. he wouldthe

13、 next time D. he willnext time 248. Jack said to her, “Where do you spend your holidays?” Jack asked her where _ holidays. A. she spent her B. you spend your C. she spend her D. you spent your259. Black asked me, “ Why havent you left here yet?” Black asked me why _ yet. A. I hadnt left there B. I h

14、avent left here C. hadnt I left there D. havent I left here 2610. The teacher asked her, “Does the sun rise in the east ?” The teacher asked her _ the sun _ in the east. A. ifrise B. ifrises C. whetherrose D. whether did rise271.“Please close the window,” he said to me. He _ me _ the window.A. said

15、to; to close B. told to; closingC. asked ; to close D. said to; please close练一练练一练282. He said, “Dont do that again.” He _ me _ that again. A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; dont do C. told me; dont do D. told me; not to do293.“Dont put it on my hat.”his wife said to him. His wife told him _pu

16、t it on _hat. A. dont, his B. dont, her C. not to, his D. not to, her304. Rose asked Tom, “Did you see my purse?” Rose asked Tom _. A. whether that he had seen her purse B. whether he had seen her purse C. that whether he had seen her purse D. that if he has seen her purse315.He asked me _ with me.A

17、. what the matter is B. what the mater wasC. whats the matter D. what was the matter32解析解析:如果直接引语是如果直接引语是“Whats the matter?” “Whats wrong?” “Whats the trouble?”, 变间接引语时语序不变。变间接引语时语序不变。336. He asked , “Are you a Party member or a League member?” He asked me _. A. am I a Party member or a League membe

18、r B. was I a Party member or a League memberC. if I was a Party member or a League memberD. whether was I a Party member or a League member347. “Youve already got well, havent you?” she asked. She asked _. A. if I have already got well, hadnt you B. whether I had already got well C. have I already g

19、ot well D. had I already got well.解析解析: 反意疑问句要变成反意疑问句要变成whether或或 if引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句.358. He asked _ for the computer. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid369.The boy said, “May I go along with you?” The boy asked me _. A. if I might go along with you B. if he might go along with you C. if he might go along with me D. if he might go along with the boy3710.He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” He _ very naughty.A. said his mother that the boy was B. said to his mot