阅读Reading解释和练习

1、Reading A. Read 1. Vocabulary2. Sentence, look for main sentence, and know the main idea. Long sentence practice:a. Many anthropologists see this as proof of the Bering Strait migration theory, which holds that between 11000 and 6000 year ago, ancestors of Native America across a land bridge that ha

2、d jointed the two continents. (定语从句)b. Nothing that tribal legends locate Apache origins squarely in the American Southwest, he offers an alternative explanation of newfound genetic link. (现在分词短语做状语)c. Stanford University linguist Merritt Rulen has discovered striking similarities between et, a near

3、ly extinct language spoken in central Siberia, and various languages of the Athabaskan group, traditionally spoken by Native American living along the western edge of North America, including the Apache in he southwestern United States. (同位语从句， 过去分词短语做状语)d. In the first quarter of the twentieth cent

4、ury, some women scientists who engaged in research worked at the most prestigious institutes of the period and enjoyed more career mobility than women researchers would experience again for several decades. (长定语从句在中间)e. Sabin, an anatomist at the Rockefeller Institute of Medical Research noted for h

5、er research on the lymphatic system, is one important example. (同位语从句加过去分词)f. To have maintained an active role in research institutions, women would have had to share some of the decision-making power: they needed to be part of hiring, promotion and funding decisions. (表目的的不定式提前，冒号句)g. As a result,

6、 they found it almost impossible to provide opportunities for a younger set of female colleagues seeking employment in a research setting, to foster their productivity and facilitate their productivity and facilitate their career mobility, and eventually to allow them access to the top ranks. (it is

7、 impossible to do sth., and to do sth., and to do sth.三个并列成分)h. Even those with very high professional aspirations accepted subordinate status as assistants if doing so seemed necessary to gain access to research position and too often these were the only position offered them in their chosen career

8、s. (if 后面的句子很复杂， 分析一下)i. Thus they could easily become highly visible targets for elimination from the staff, especially if their behavior was judged in the least imprudent. j. Womens awareness that they were unequal colleagues, included in professional settings only on the sufferance of male collea

9、gues, who held the positions of power, conflicted with their belief in meritocracy. （定语从句， 过去分词）k. She relates that, during her ten years in the department, men were given at least six positions that she was qualified for and wanted desperately, but for which she was not even considered because she

10、was a woman. （定语从句）3. Reading typesa. Narrative: people/thing - you have to know the tone of the author while you are reading it. Underline the words. 注意表达作者态度的单词，需要你在读的时候划出来。 b. Illustrative: geography, animal, plants, and astronomy- pay attention to all factors, sometimes the first sentence in eve

11、ry paragraph is the first topic sentence. c. Discussion: natural science, social sciences and social environment and discussion pay attention to all structure. Remember it is connection words “opposite” ( however, still, but, yet, on the other hand; Today , recently), “same” (also, and, at the same

12、time)d. Others: poems and novel part: things you saw, things you think, and things you feel, things you want describe. (所见， 所想， 所感， 和所叙述的事件)4. Topics Main ideas : 1. 切文体 2. 切主题 Article Title : same as above Tone of the author: 1. 扣用词 2. 扣语气 Detail: look back to the article to find the detail things.

13、 Inference: (推理题) Practice The term “tides” has come to represent the cyclical rising and falling of ocean waters, most notably evident along the shoreline as the border between land and sea moves in and out with the passing of the day. (难句) The primary reason for this constant redefinition of the b

14、oundaries of the sea is the gravitational force of the moon. This force of lunar gravity is not as strong as Earths own gravitational pull, which keeps our bodies and our homes form being pulled of the ground, through the sky, and into space toward the moon. It is a strong enough force, however, to

15、exert a certain gravitational pull as the moon passes over Earths surface. This pull causes the water level to rise (as the water is literally pulled ever-so-slightly toward the moon) in those parts of the ocean that are exposed to the moon and its gravitational forces. When the water level in one p

16、art of the ocean rises, it must naturally fall in another, and this is what causes water levels to change, dramatically at times, along any given pieces of coastline. 文章的类型每段中心是什么？ 中心你熟悉的程度如何你在读得时候应该注意什么词语写出黑色体字的同义词。 1. Which one of the following is the most obvious effect of the tides?A. A part of

17、the beach that was once dry is now under waterB. Floods cause great damage during heavy rainstormsC. The moon is no visibleD. Water fallE. The ocean rises Detail question, you should go back to the first paragraph 2. The word “lunar” in the beginning of the second paragraph most nearly means A. Weak

18、B. Strong C. DestructiveD. Related to the moonE. Foolish如果不认识就要猜词， 看这条长难句：This force of lunar gravity is not as strong as Earths own gravitational pull, which keeps our bodies and our homes form being pulled of the ground, through the sky, and into space toward the moon.3. It can be inferred from th

19、e passage that if one were to travel to the moonA. That water would be found on its surfaceB. That an object, if dropped, would float away from the surface of the moonC. That other planets besides the moon have an influence on the tides of Earths occeansD. That tides are more dramatic during the day

20、 than during the nightE. That an object, if dropped, would fall to the moons surface推理班，其实要和文章做一个类比，题目和verbal 部分的类比有什么关系Black holes are the most efficient engines of destruction known to humanity. Their intense gravity is a one-way ticket to oblivion, and material spiraling into them can heat p to m

21、illions of degrees and glow brightly. Yet , they are not all-powerful. Even super massive black holes are minuscule by cosmic standards. They typically account for less that one percent of their galaxys mass. Accordingly, astronomers long assumed that super massive holes, let alone their smaller cou

22、sins, would have little effect beyond their immediate neighborhoods. So it has come as a surprise over the past decade that black hole activity is closely intertwined with star formation occurring farther out in the galaxy. Which of the following most resembles the relationship between “black hoe ac

23、tivity” and “star formation” line (11-12) as described in the passage?A. a volcanic eruption on one continent results in higher rainfall totals on another continent. B. Industrial emissions in one region lead to an increase an airborne pollutants in adjacent regions. C. A drought in a wilderness are

24、a causes a significant loss of vegetation in that area. D. Decreased oil production in one country results in higher gas prices in oil-dependent countries. E. Overfishing in a gulf leads to an increase in the population of smaller aquatic organisms. The authors primary purpose in writing this passag

25、e is to A. Prove the existence of water on the moon. B. Refute claims that tides are caused by the moonC. Explain the main cause of the ocean tidesD. Argue that humans should not interfere with the processes of natureE. Convince students to study astrophysics 文章中心题， 应该如何去做呢？ 为什么注意动词思考： 文章比较长的时候， 你应该

26、如何读文章Immediately following the dramatic end of the world war II came a realization that the United States now had to run its attention inward. (这个长难句有什么结构) Years f fighting battles around the globe had drained the country of important resources. Many industries such as housing suffered as both mater

27、ials and workers were used elsewhere in the war effort. Once the soldiers began returning, it became clear that among their biggest needs were new jobs and new homes. The homes needed to be affordable, since few people had the time or ability to save much during the war. (通过第一段判断文章类型， 这一段中心是什么？)It w

28、as in this situation that many house developers saw a business opportunity. (什么句型) Amid such a pressing demand for new homes, developer William Levitt realized the need for a new method of building. He sought a way to build homes cheaper and faster than ever before. (第二段和第一段之间什么关系？)He wasnt the only

29、 developer to realize this, but he was one of the best in making it happen. He applied the same ideas to homes that Henry Ford had used 50 years earlier in making cars. Levitt did not build a factory with an assembly line of fully formed homes rolling out of some giant machine. Instead, he adapted t

30、he assembly line formula into a system in which the workers, rather than the product, moved for a streamlined, efficient building process. (第三段中心)Previously, a developer who completed four homes a year had been moving at a good pace. Levitt planned to do that many each week, and succeeded. He create

31、d specialized teams that focused on only one job each and moved up and down the streets of new homes. Teams of foundation-builders, carpenters, roofers, and painters worked faster by sticking to just one task as they moved, factory-style, from house to house. The time and money saved allowed levitt

32、to build cheap homes of good value. With this new approach, levitt oversaw the building of some of the first towns that would eventually be called suburbs-planned communities outside the city. Some critics blame deveopers like Levitt for turning farmland into monotonous, characterless towns. However

33、, most agree that his contribution to the country following a bitter war was mostly positive. He did vary the style of home from street to street, and his work on simpler home features was influenced by the work of architecture great Frank Lioyd Wright In the end,Levitts success speaks for itself. A

34、fter his first success- building thousands of homes in Long island, NY-he went on to found several more “Levittowns” in Pennsylvania, New Jersy, and elsewhere. Levitt gave home-buyers what they wanted: nice pieces of land with nice homes on top. In a way by creating houses that so many families coul

35、d afford, William Levitt made the American dream a more affordable reality. 文章类型-写人-写了他的哪一方面呢？ 事业还是爱情还是科学上的发现？ 他是如何做出这些发现的呢 原因过程结果呢。 各个段落之间， 那些是原因呢那些过程那些是结果。 1. The authors main purpose for writing the passage is to a. Discuss the events that occurred during the final days of world war IIb. Question

36、 the opinion that suburban housing is unaffordable c. Describe one persons significant contributions to an industryd. Compare the economic forces affecting Americans both during World War II and aftere. Provide a complete biography of William Levitt2. The author would most likely agree with which of

37、 he following statement about Wiliam Levitt?综合细节题， 需要你记住大量的信息， 这种题比较难， 放在最后做a. he invented the word “suburb”b. he was unconcerned with the style of the homes he builtc. his homes were built in factoriesd. his ultimate business goal was to make cars as henry ford did. e. His efficient methods helped make homes more affordable 3. Which of the following best des