新视野精读第八单元语言点

1、Text- analysisWhat Youngsters Expect in LifeBack in the good old days of stable economic expansionthe 1950s and 1960sa person could choose to do something new, exciting, and creative in life but could also choose to say, “Thats not for me: I am going to play it safe in life. I am going to stay in my

2、 home town and have a nice comfortable career in a salaried job.” That second choice no longer exists for the vast majority of Americans. All of us are going to be creators and pioneers over the next 10 years whether we like it or not, and many of us dont like it.Just look at what the attitude surve

3、ys tell us. In the United States, three-quarters of the adults surveyed by the Harris poll and two-thirds of all high-school seniors surveyed by Scholastic magazine say they believe that the United States will be a worse place 10 years from now than it is today. No wonder young people are disaffecte

4、d. No wonder they are not motivated to learn. They think the world in which they are going to spend their lives wont be a very satisfactory place.Young men, in particular, are not happy with their prospects for the future. When surveyors ask U.S. female high-school students what they are going to do

5、 when they graduate, they list all kinds of roles they want to fill, like doctors, lawyers, engineers, accountants, civil servants, police and firemen, and fighter pilots. In short, they want to do all the things that men have always done. Moreover, less than 10% of female high-school seniors expect

6、 to spend their adult lives solely as mothers and domestic managers, while nearly 90% are committed to having both a career and a marriage based on equality.By comparison, nearly half of male high-school students express their preference for a traditional, male-headed, one provider, nuclear family,

7、where the wife stays home as mother and housewife. And when male high-school students are asked what kinds of careers they would like to have, the only two job fields that consistently receive large numbers of responses in open surveys are “professional athlete” and “media personality”. A large prop

8、ortion of Americas young menone third or moresimply say they dont know what theyre going to do as adults. If these people do not acquire some constructive vision of purpose for themselves, they are likely to be very destructive forces of resistance in society throughout their lives. We already see t

9、hat. One recent estimate is that one-sixth of all fourteen- to twenty-four-year-olds in Americamostly malesare currently “disaffected and disconnected”.They are not associated with any formal role in society, nor are they in any formal relationship with another person. These are the folks who are jo

10、ining the gangs in inner cities and swelling the ranks of the rural military gangs. They see no roles for themselves in an Information Age society, and they are angry about their empty future.So this is a very pregnant moment, not only for the future of America, but also for all of the mature indust

11、rial economies and, ultimately, for the world at large. It is an uncertain moment, a scary moment. It is the kind of moment in history when, to summarize in the words of Alfred North Whitehead, familiar patterns fade, familiar solutions fail, and familiar options disappear. Of course, the books and

12、periodicals that are warning society about the removal of jobs, “the end of work”, and wage decreases only serve to increase public anxietya slow-motion variation of shouting “Fire!” in a crowded theater. These alarming forecasts are largely simple projections of the past two or three decades of wor

13、kplace trends. However, in the absence of plausible alternative explanations for the gloomy economic news of the past 15-20 years and the gloomier prospects implicit in the projections of those trends, industrial societiesfearful for the future might very well take backward steps.These steps will pr

14、incipally serve the interests of the economically dominant groups who want to protect their assets and resources from the forces of change. Nations that take such steps will lose balance. Social and economic progress will grind to a halt and more and more jobs will be eliminated by the negative side

15、 of this transformation. The anger and frustration displayed by people who do not understand what is happening to them will be a terrible and dangerous force in all the major industrial economies.2.人们惋惜过去的好时光的流逝。人们惋惜过去的好时光的流逝。 2. People lament the passing of the good old days. 1.我祖母总是谈论她年轻时的好时光。我祖母总

16、是谈论她年轻时的好时光。 1. My grandmother always talks about the good old days when she was young. the good old days: 过去的美好时光过去的美好时光英语多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 口诀法 : “美小圆旧黄，法国木书美小圆旧黄，法国木书房房” two beautiful new green silk evening dress 两件又新又漂亮的丝绸女士晚礼服 that hungry, tired, sleepy little match girl 那个饥饿、疲劳、困倦的卖火柴的小女孩 an old lar

17、ge brick dining hall 一个旧的红砖砌的大餐厅但：“限定词”包括：冠词、物主代词、指示代词、或数词，它位于各类形容词前。它本身分为三位，即：前、中、后。前位限定词有all、half、both、分数和倍数；中位限定词有冠词、指示代词、物主代词等；后位限定词有基数词和序数词，但序数词位于基数词前。如:both my hands、all half his income等。 返回返回2. 向新的研究领域拓展或许是可能的。向新的研究领域拓展或许是可能的。2. Expansion into new areas of research might be possible. 1. 新工厂很大

18、新工厂很大,有地方可以扩展。有地方可以扩展。1. The new factory is large, to allow room for expansion.返回返回expansion: n. 2. 为了谨慎起见，我们还是再多安排为了谨慎起见，我们还是再多安排10分钟分钟吧。吧。2. Lets allow an extra ten minutes, just to play it safe. 1. 公共汽车可能会早到，所以为了保险起见公共汽车可能会早到，所以为了保险起见我们最好现在就动身。我们最好现在就动身。1. The bus might be early, so wed better pl

19、ay safe and leave now. play (it) safe: 返回返回the majority of :.的大部分/大多数”，相当于most of.； a majority of :大部分/大多数的，相当于most. E.g.The majority of Chinese people have television. 中国大多数人都有电视。 The majority of the damage is easy to repair. 这次的损害大部分容易补救。 A majority of Africans are forced to work for the Europeans

20、. 大多数非洲人都被迫为欧洲人工作。 Back盖洛普民意测验Gallup Poll和哈利斯民意测验Harris Poll是欧美两个公认的较好的调查机构。 盖洛普民意测验盖洛普民意测验是一种观点的民意测验，它常常被各大媒体用于代表民意的一种表现方式。这种民意测试的特点是用简单的随机取样法并且试图把偏差度保持在最低。 哈里斯互动的哈里斯民意测验哈里斯互动的哈里斯民意测验广为人知，这是进行时间最长的独立民意测验，采用的是先进的在线市场调研方法。公司创立了世界上最大的被访者研究小组哈里斯在线民意调查。哈里斯互动通过北美、欧洲、亚洲的分公司以及独立市场研究公司的全球网络为世界各地的客户提供服务。 返回返

21、回2. 孩子们的激动是十分自然的，这是他们第孩子们的激动是十分自然的，这是他们第一次出国。一次出国。2. No wonder the children are excited; this is the first time theyve been abroad. 1. 你吃这么多难怪睡不着。你吃这么多难怪睡不着。1. No wonder you cant sleep when you eat so much.no wonder: 返回返回1. 德里克这样做纯粹是出于贪婪。德里克这样做纯粹是出于贪婪。1. What motivates Derek is simply an unhealthy d

22、esire for more and more. 2. 他们这样做是出于想帮助人的愿望。他们这样做是出于想帮助人的愿望。2. They are motivated by a desire to help people. motivate: 返回返回2. 在天黑之前找到那个落难的孩子应该是可在天黑之前找到那个落难的孩子应该是可能的。能的。2. Theres a reasonable prospect of reaching the trapped child before it gets dark.1. 汽车工业前途看好。汽车工业前途看好。1. The prospects of the car

23、industry are spect: n. more字根字根spect, 意思为意思为“看见看见” spectacle n. 景象景象spectacular a. 壮观的壮观的 spectator n. 旁观者旁观者circumspect a. 慎重的慎重的 inspect v. 检查检查 introspect v. 内省内省 prospective a. 预期的预期的 respect v. 尊敬尊敬retrospect v. 回顾回顾 suspect v. 怀疑怀疑 返回返回2. 他办事没有条理，没有效率他办事没有条理，没有效率, 当你需要他当你需要他时总找不到他时总找

24、不到他 一句话一句话, 这个人没治了。这个人没治了。2. Hes disorganized, hes inefficient, and hes never there when you want him in short, the mans hopeless. 1. 财政情况糟透了：一句话，我们没钱了。财政情况糟透了：一句话，我们没钱了。1. Things couldnt be worse, financially: in short, we have no money. in short: 返回返回2.政府许诺要致力于维持和平政府许诺要致力于维持和平。2. The government ha

25、s promised to commit itself to keeping peace. 1. 我懂得整个过程，但是我发现很难记得住。我懂得整个过程，但是我发现很难记得住。1. I understand the process but find it very difficult to commit to memory. commit to (doing) sth: 返回返回2. 和军队生活相比，学校生活是舒适的。和军队生活相比，学校生活是舒适的。2. The life at school seems comfortable by comparison with that in the ar

26、my. 1. 伦敦最高的建筑与纽约的相比就相形见绌伦敦最高的建筑与纽约的相比就相形见绌了。了。1. The tallest buildings in London are small by comparison with those in New York. 返回返回by comparison: Nuclear family（核心家庭）指由一对夫妻及其子女组成，并且共同居住在同一屋檐下的家庭。核心家庭中的子女，无论是亲生的还是收养的，在数量上并无限制。 Extended family（大家庭）则是由核心家庭成员及该家庭之外的成员组成的家庭，通常是几代人共同生活在一起。返回返回2. 进出口的比例

27、令政府担忧。进出口的比例令政府担忧。2. The proportion of imports to exports is worrying the government.1. 这个国家的大部分地方是沙漠。这个国家的大部分地方是沙漠。1. A large proportion of the country is desert.返回返回proportion: n. 2. 如果你说不出什么建设性的话，我看你还如果你说不出什么建设性的话，我看你还是别说。是别说。2. If you dont have anything constructive to say, Id rather you keep qu

28、iet. 1. 她对我的作品进行了建设性的评论她对我的作品进行了建设性的评论-我从我从她那儿学到了很多东西。她那儿学到了很多东西。1. She criticized my writing but in a way that was very constructive I learned a lot from her. constructive: a. 字根字根struct-/stru-, 意思为意思为“建造建造” structure n. 结构结构 construction n.建筑，建设建筑，建设 destruction n. 破坏破坏reconstruction n. 重建重建 const

29、ructive a. 建设性的建设性的substructure n. 基础工程基础工程 superstructure n.上层建筑上层建筑返回返回1. 小时候小时候, 我曾想像自己是个王子。我曾想像自己是个王子。1. When I was a child, I had visions of being a prince.2. 人们戴眼镜以改善视力。人们戴眼镜以改善视力。2. People wear glasses to improve their vision.vision:返回返回2. 我可不想让自己与任何政治言论有什么联我可不想让自己与任何政治言论有什么联系。系。2. Id rather

30、not associate myself with any political statements. 1. 人们通常是不会把他和那位作者联系在一人们通常是不会把他和那位作者联系在一起的起的他们的风格迥然不同。他们的风格迥然不同。1. You wouldnt normally associate him with that writer their styles are completely different. associate with:返回返回2. 他也加入了失业的行列。他也加入了失业的行列。2. He joined the ranks of the unemployed, too.1

31、. 这个政党的领导似乎正在失去普通党员的这个政党的领导似乎正在失去普通党员的支持。支持。1. The party leadership seems to be losing the support of the ranks. rank:more2. 他被提升到上尉军阶。他被提升到上尉军阶。1. 这个展览对各个阶层的人士开放。这个展览对各个阶层的人士开放。 1. The exhibition is open to people of all ranks and classes. 2. He was promoted to the rank of captain.返回返回rank: n. 2. 逃

32、走的罪犯仍逍遥法外。逃走的罪犯仍逍遥法外。2. The escaped criminal is still at large.1. 基础教育是重要问题，需要整个社会来讨基础教育是重要问题，需要整个社会来讨论。论。1. Elementary education is an important issue that needs to be discussed by society at large. at large: 1. 返回返回2. 医学检查显示婴儿的心率不齐。医学检查显示婴儿的心率不齐。2. The medical tests showed some variation in the ba

33、bys heart rate.1. 他无休止的抱怨他无休止的抱怨,说来说去全是同一码子事。说来说去全是同一码子事。1. His endless complaints are all variations on the same thing. variation: n. 返回返回2. 据预测今年石油价格增长将低于据预测今年石油价格增长将低于2%。2. Oil prices are forecast to increase by less than 2% this year. 1. 根据天气预报，明天是晴天。根据天气预报，明天是晴天。1. According to the weather forecast, it will be sunny tomorrow. forecast:more前缀前缀fore-, 意思为意思为“在在之前之前” forearm n. 前臂前臂forefather n. 祖先祖先forefinger n. 食指食指foregoing a. 前述的前述的 foreground n. 前景前景 forehead n. 前额前额 foreman n. 工头工头 foremost a.