新视野大学英语第三版第二册第六单元ection A（课堂PPT）

1、Door closer, are you?FOREIGH LANGUAGE TEACHING AND RESEARCH PRESS AIR FORCE ENGINEERING UNIVERSITYBesides the noble art of getting things done, there is the noble art of leaving things undone. The wisdom of life consists in the elimination of non-essentials. Lin Yutang (Chinese writer)You have succe

2、eded in life when all you really want is only what you really need. Vernon Howard (American writer)6UNIT6UNIT To talk about whether more is better than less To further understand the textTo apply the phrases and patternsTo master the cause-effect writing skillDoor closer, are you?6UNITWarming-up Act

3、ivities Text Study Language Application Summary6UNITWarming-up Activities1. As far as choices in our daily life are concerned, have you ever been troubled with such dilemma: to keep all or to give up some?Just as all people have to make decisions in their everyday lives, college students are always

4、faced with the dilemma of making right choices. Faced with an abundance of options to choose from, they cant bear the pain to lose any opportunity and have a strong desire to keep all the options open. They try to avoid such an emotional loss, and would rather pay the high cost to keep all the doors

5、 of opportunity open.2. What is the proper way to deal with this dilemma? Is more always better than less? Evidences show that people feel less happy and more depressed when given an overabundance of choice. The tendency to keep all our doors of choices open might have damaged our life, and we can g

6、et greater pleasure and more satisfaction by focusing our energy and attention on fewer options and things. More is not necessarily better in life. We should close some doors in order to allow for the right windows of opportunity and happiness to open.Task1. Listen to a talk about why people are oft

7、en irrational. Based on what you hear, match the questions with the answers by placing a letter next to the number.1 ( ) According to the speaker, how can people behave in a rational way? 2 ( ) What are the consequences of peoples irrational behavior? 3 ( ) What has MIT Professor Ariely discovered?

8、4 ( ) What is the example in the talk regarding irrational behavior? 5 ( ) What does the speaker say about this irrational behavior? Task1. Listen to a talk about why people are often irrational. Based on what you hear, match the questions with the answers by placing a letternext to the number.A Peo

9、ple tend to behave irrationally in a predictable fashion.B People should act according to logic and reason required in a situation.C It causes problems to themselves as well as to others. D He doesnt think this irrational behavior is always intentional.E If a person knows someone suffers from a dise

10、ase, he will feel he suffers from the same disease.Task1. Listen to a talk about why people are often irrational. Based on what you hear, match the questions with the answers by placing a letternext to the number.1 ( ) According to the speaker, how can people behave in a rational way? 2 ( ) What are

11、 the consequences of peoples irrational behavior? 3 ( ) What has MIT Professor Ariely discovered? 4 ( ) What is the example in the talk regarding irrational behavior? 5 ( ) What does the speaker say about this irrational behavior? BCAED1. In your opinion, what is an irrational behavior? Give some ex

12、amples.It is an action or opinion based on inadequate use of reason and logic:Once a price is established in their minds, they will compare other similar items with this price Buy products they dont need just because they get something for free in the transaction. Do something just because some othe

13、r people are doing the same thing.Task 2:Listen to the talk again and answer the two questions2. What do you think may cause peoples irrational behavior?Ignorance People can be totally unaware of a situation before forming their own views and judgments. Emotions People take offense or get angry befo

14、re the situation actually occurs. Stress It creates feeling of anger, irritation and frustration. Blind beliefs They are too conscious about society and its reactions to them.Task 2: Listen to the talk again and answer the two questionsSometimes two things are to be done at the same time, both _ you

15、r attention. you can only take up one of them, the other has to wait or be given up. But you know the future is _the changed situation may not allow you to do what is left behind. Thus you are caught in a fix and feel sad. How come that nice opportunities and _ should gather around all at once. List

16、en to a short passage named “Another door” and fill in the missing information.deservingunpredictableTo be continuedbrilliant ideas It may happen that your life changes _ on your preference of one alternative to the other. In fact that is what life is like: we are often faced with the two opposite a

17、spects of a thing which are both_ like newspaper cutting. It often occurs that our attention is drawn to one thing only after we are _ another. dramaticallydesirableTo be continuedengaged inListen to a short passage named “Another door” and fill in the missing information.The former and the latter g

18、ive rise to a divided mind. I still remember a philosophers _ When one door shuts, another opens in life.So a _or passive choice may not be a bad one. Whatever we do in our lifetime, wherever life storm _ us, there must be something we can achieve, remarkscasualTo be continuedtossesListen to a short

19、 passage named “Another door” and fill in the missing information.some shore we can land, which opens up new vistas to us. Dont forget God always keeps an _ open for every one. While the front door is closed, there must be another open for you.alternative doorListen to a short passage named “Another

20、 door” and fill in the missing information.Questions Previewing1.What do you know about Dan Ariely?2. How much do you know about Xiang Yu and the Battle of Julu?Dan Ariely, American economist and psychologist, wrote a book in 2008 entitled Predictably Irrational(可预见的非理性): The Hidden Forces That Shap

21、e Our Decisions. In the book he challenges readers assumptions about making decisions based on rational thought. He explains, “My goal, is to help you fundamentally rethink what makes you and the people around you tick.”1.What do you know about Dan Ariely?Xiang Yu was a prominent military leader and

22、 political figure during the late Qin Dynasty. In about 207 BC, Xiang Yu led the Chu rebel forces to victory at the Battle of Julu (巨鹿之战 ) against the Qin armies. The battle marked the decline of Qins military power. They finally beat the Qin army. The Battle of Julu was of crucial importance in ove

23、rthrowing the Qin dynasty, and it has been known as the battle of “Smashing the Cauldrons and Sinking the Boats” (破釜沉舟). 2. How much do you know about Xiang Yu and the Battle of Julu? Text Study6UNITrival optionsThe text starts with a question about what Xiang Yu, a Chinese imperial general, would d

24、o when facing _.(Para.1)Why did General Xiang Yu order his troops to crush their cooking pots and burn their sailing ships when crossing the Zhang River?(Para.3)to impose on his troops a necessary sacrifice to achieve victory over their opponents.to inspire the soldiers be more determined and concen

25、trated on the battles.Part I introduces a story of closing doors to open _ about Xiang Yu. Facing choices of rival options, he made an unusual decision - ordering his troops to crush cooking pots and burn their sailing ships. By doing this, he closed the door for retreating from the enemys territory

26、 but opened the window for _.Part I (Paras. 1- _)3windows of opportunitywinning the battleAccording to Dr. Arielys book, Predictably Irrational, what might be a weakness of human beings? (Para.4)His experiment shows that people just couldnt bear to see their options vanish though they knew it would

27、benefit them to let go.Part I serves as a transition from the ancient story of Xiang Yu to the _ of the students at MIT. Through conducting an experiment on humans_ , Dr. Ariely found that people just couldnt bear to see their options vanish though they knew it would benefit them to let go.Part II (

28、Para. 4)modern story irrational behaviorWhats the significance of doing the experiments? (Para.5)The experiment enabled people to see why its always so hard for them to say “NO” to any opportunity that came to them. In everyday life, people just give excuses to keep options open. Whats the winning s

29、trategy when playing the computer game? (Para.6)Students should quickly check all the doors and keep clicking on the one with the highest cash. They should absolutely ignore the vanishing doors.How did students loss money because of their irrational efforts to keep the vanishing doors open? (Para.7)

30、In the game, any door left un-clicked for a short while would vanish. Instead of ignoring the vanishing doors, the students rushed to click on them before they vanished, so they lost money in the end. Why are the corresponding costs often less obvious in life than in the experiments?(Paras.8-9)Becau

31、se in life the doors are closing slowly, not like the ones on the computer in the experiment, so people dont really see the opportunities actually vanishing away little by little. Part III mainly focuses on the experiment conducted by Dr. Ariely. He first explains the _ of the experiment, and the pr

32、ocess of the students _. Then he points out the real cause of the students_. Finally he emphasizes that in life the doors are actually closing slowly and we dont see the future _.Part III (Paras. 5- _)9purpose and significancelosing moneyirrational behaviorvanishing awayIn the text, what does Dr. Ar

33、iely suggest in order to balance our life? (Paras.10-12)People should:prohibit overbooking,reduce options, delegate tasks to others, give away ideas to others to pursue.Part IV (Paras. 10-12)Part IV suggests how we can balance our lives by reducing _. such as prohibition of overbooking , trying to l

34、essen the load, remembering the lessons of _ like Xiang Yu, and keeping those activities _. unnecessary optionsdoor closersenriching our livesWhat is the message the author wants to send out from this text? (Paras.13-14)People can obtain pleasure and satisfaction by focusing their energy and attenti

35、on in a more concentrated fashion. They will have more with fewer but carefully chosen options.Part V (Paras. 13-14)Part III concludes the essay, and meanwhile it raises the question if _ . We should close certain doors in order to allow the right windows of opportunity and happiness to open. more i

36、s better than less The story of closing doors to open windows of opportunity about Xiang Yu serves as a good example illustrating the point that when we close doors, we open windows of opportunity. The experiment conducted by Dr. Ariely also proves that in life, we should close certain doors in orde

37、r to allow the right windows of opportunity and happiness to open. Main Idea of the TextWhen facing choices of rival options, think about what Xiang Yu would do. (Para. 1)Xiang Yu ordered his troops cooking pots crushed and their sailing ships burned after taking his troops across a river to raid th

38、e enemy. (Para. 2) Xiang Yu explained that his decision was a necessity to attain the victory. But his unusual decision would be validated on his battlefield and in modern social science research. (Para. 3)Introduction to Xiang Yus story of closing doors to open windows of opportunityThis example fr

39、om ancient times leads to the experiment at MIT where Dr. Ariely teaches behavioral economics. The experiment showed that students couldnt bear to see their options vanish, even though it was clear they would profit from doing so. (Para. 4)Transitional paragraphIntroduction to Xiang Yus story of clo

40、sing doors to open windows of opportunityIntroduction to Xiang Yus storyTransitional paragraphBody: the experiment by Dr. ArielyBody: the experiment by Dr. ArielyIts an experiment about computer game which eliminated the excuses for letting go. (Para. 5)The rule of the game was the more money they e

41、arned, the better player they were. (Para. 6)how they lost money because of the irrational efforts to keep the vanishing doors open. (Para. 7)Dr. Ariely points out the real cause of the students irrational behavior.(Paras. 8-9)Introduction to Xiang Yus storyTransitionDr. Arielys suggestionsBody: the

42、 experiment by Dr. ArielyImplement more prohibitions on overbooking and reduce options on our own. (Para. 10)Reduce the load and remember the lessons of door closers like Xiang Yu. (Para. 11)Only keep the choices that actually enrich our lives. (Para. 12)Introduction to Xiang Yus storyTransitionDr.

43、Arielys suggestionsBody: the experiment byDr. ArielyconclusionWe should close certain doors in order to allow the right windows of opportunity and happiness to open. (Paras. 13-14) Door closer, are you?When faced with _ options, XiangYu proved to a wonderful decision-maker. He took his troops making

44、 a _ into enemy territory. To his troops_, he ordered their cooking pots crushed and their sailing ships burned, which gave his troops only one _: to win the battle.The battle turned out to be a great success on his side. To be continuedrival raid astonishment option This story indicates that while

45、closing the door for doing something, people may open the _ for achieving something more significant. Through conducting an experiment on humans _ behavior, Dr. Ariely, found that many students in his experiment just couldnt bear to see their options _ though they knew it would benefit them to _. He

46、 then emphasizes that in life the doors are actually closing slowly and we dont see the future vanishing away.To be continuedwindow irrational vanish let go To solve this problem, people can balance their lives by reducing _options on their own and keeping those activities that will actually enrich

47、their lives. To conclude, we should close certain doors in order to allow the right windows of _ to open. opportunity and happiness unnecessary 1. impose sth. on sb.将将强加于强加于2. be featured in 被特写；在被特写；在中专题介绍中专题介绍3. be attached to sth. / sb.喜欢（依恋）某物或某人喜欢（依恋）某物或某人4. revolve around围绕；以围绕；以为主题为主题5. pay a

48、 big price花很大代价花很大代价6. come in handy派上用场派上用场7. be measured in sth.用某事来衡量用某事来衡量将将强加于强加于(generation gap / make things worse) To bridge the generation gap, parents should never impose their personal views on their children, which may make things even worse.impose sth. on sb.短语逆译短语应用为了消除代沟，父母不应该将自己的观点强加

49、给孩子，这样会使事情更糟。意群提示被特写；在被特写；在中专题中专题介绍介绍(heroic deed / enlighten people)His heroic deed was featured in the first page of yesterdays newspaper, which enlightened many people. be featured in 短语逆译短语应用他的英雄事迹在昨天的报纸头版专题介绍，让很多人受到了启发。意群提示喜欢（依恋）喜欢（依恋）某物或某人某物或某人(from between her lips)The bird got so attached to

50、 her that it would take food from between her lips.be attached to sth. / sb.短语逆译短语应用鸟是如此依恋她，以致于它会从她的双唇间获取实物。意群提示围绕；以围绕；以为主题为主题(take it for granted that) Some people are very selfish and take it for granted that the whole world revolves around them. revolve around短语逆译短语应用一些人很自私，想当然地认为整个世界都以他们为中心。意群提示

51、花很大代价花很大代价(pay an even bigger price ) Xiang Yu paid a big price when he burned his ships, but he could have paid an even bigger price if all of his men had died in the battle. pay a big price短语逆译短语应用当项羽烧毁他的船只时，他付出了巨大的代价；但如果他的士兵都死在战斗中，他可能会付出更大的代价。意群提示派上用场派上用场(turn a deaf ear to / start your own busin

52、ess) Dont turn a deaf ear to his advice, for what he said may come in handy someday when you start your own business. come in handy短语逆译短语应用对他的建议，不要置若罔闻，将来某一天当你自己经营时，也许会派上用场。意群提示用某事来衡量用某事来衡量(lose your self-confidence/wisdom)Never lose your self-confidence. The real power a person is not measured in h

53、is size but in his wisdom.短语逆译短语应用永远不要丧失信心。一个人真正的强大不是用他的身体而是他的智慧来衡量。意群提示be measured in sth.1. The next time sb. is doing sth, ask oneself the question: 用于表达“某种情景下某人应该反思”。2. Sb. or sth. is a rare exception to sb.else, who / that用于表达“某人或某物与众不同”。 3. Sb. would probably protest that, but according to sb.

54、 else, that isnt the true factor.用于表达“对某种观点或分析的否定”。下次你要在两个难于取舍的、主要的和次要的选择之间做决定时，不妨问自己这样一个问题：项羽会怎么做？原句译文原句译文逆译练习逆译练习The next time youre deciding between rival options, one which is primary and the other which is secondary, ask yourself this question: What would Xiang Yu do? （Line 1, Para.1）句型提炼句型提炼Th

55、e next time sb. is doing sth, ask oneself the question: 句型提炼句型提炼应用提示应用提示用于表达“某种情景下某人应该反思”。句型应用句型应用(complain about / in return) 典型例句下次你要在抱怨他人，认为他们对你不友好时，不妨问自己这样一个问题：你平常对他们如何？群提示The next time you are complaining about others, who seem to be unfriendly to you, ask yourself the question: How do you ofte

56、n treat them in return?对墨守陈规的人来说，项羽将军是一个罕见的异于常人的人，他是一位资深的首领，由于他征战无数并达到了成功的顶峰，他深受尊敬。原句译文原句译文逆译练习逆译练习General Xiang Yu was a rare exception to the norm, a veteran leader who was highly respected for his so many conquests and who achieved the summit of success.（Line 5, Para.3）句型提炼句型提炼Sb. or sth. is a ra

57、re exception to sb. else, who / that句型提炼句型提炼应用提示应用提示 用于表达 “某人或某物与众不同”。 句型应用句型应用(innovative leader / think critically ) 典型例句对很多普通人来说，乔布斯是一个罕见的异于常人的人，他是一位创新型的领导。他不仅能够批判性思维，而且努力探索新领域。意群提示Jobs was a rare exception to many ordinary people, an innovative leader who was thinking critically and who endeavor

58、ed to explore new areas.他们可能会争辩说，他们抓住这些门是为将来多留一些机会。但是，据阿雷利博士说，这不是真正的原因。原句译文原句译文逆译练习逆译练习They would probably protest that they were clinging to the doors to keep future options open, but, according to Dr. Ariely, that isnt the true factor. （Line 6, Para.7）句型提炼句型提炼Sb. would probably protest that, but a

59、ccording to sb. else, that isnt the true factor.句型提炼句型提炼应用提示应用提示 用于表达“对某种观点或分析的否定”。句型应用句型应用(corporal punishment / for the sake of)典型例句他们可能会争辩说，学校体罚孩子是为他们将来的成长。但是，据调查组说，这不是真正的原因。意群提示They would probably protest that they practiced corporal punishment at schools for the sake of the childrens future gro

60、wth, but, according to investigation group, that isnt the true factor.a. “Closing a door on an option is experienced as a loss, and people are willing to pay a big price to avoid the emotion of loss,” Dr. Ariely says. (Para.8, L3)阿雷利博士说: “每闭上一扇选择之门就如同感受了一次惩罚，人们宁愿付出很大的代价，也要避免情感的失落。b. Sometimes these