八年级下册英语知识点整理(共10页)

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上八年级下册英语单元知识点小结Unit 1 Whats the matter? 一短语专心-专注-专业1. talk too much 说得太多2. drink enough water 喝足够的水3. lie down and rest 躺下来休息4. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶5. see a dentist 看牙医6. get an X-ray 拍X 光片7. take ones temperature 量体温8. put some medicine on sth.在上面敷药9. all weekend 整个周末10. in the sam

2、e way 以同样的方式11. go along 沿着走12. on the side of the road 在马路边13. shout for help 大声呼救14. without thinking twice 没有多想15. have a heart problem 有心脏病16. to ones surprise 使. 惊讶的17. thanks to 多亏了 ；由于18. in time 及时19. save a life 挽救生命20. because of 由于21. get out of 离开;从出来22. hurt oneself 受伤23. put a bandage

3、on sth.用绷带包扎24. fall down 摔倒25. feel sick 感到恶心26. have a nosebleed 流鼻血27. cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖28. put her head back 把她头向后仰29. have problems breathing 呼吸困难30. mountain climbing 登山运动31. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事32. run out (of) 用完;用尽33. so that 以便34. so. . . that 如此 以至于35. be in control of 掌管;管理36. i

4、n a difficult situation 在闲境屮37. keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事38. make a decision 做出决定39. take risks 冒险40. give up 放弃二基础知识1. What s the matter? 怎么啦？出什么事情了？ Whats the matter with sb.? = Whats your trouble? = Whats up? = What happens to sb.?2. I had a cold.我感冒了。have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu感冒 hav

5、e a fever 发烧 have a cough咳嗽have a stomachache胃疼，肚子疼 have a toothache牙疼 have a headache头疼have a sore throat 喉咙疼 have a sore back背疼3. much too+ 形容词，意为 太. ，too much+名词，意为 很多，大量 。4. enough【形容、副词】足够的/地，enough放在名前后，形副后。good enough足够好，enough money=much money5. lie down躺下， lie 躺，躺着，过去式lay；lie说谎，过去式lied6. ma

6、ybe “或许”，常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子。Maybe you are right.may be，是情态动词+be的结构，意为“可能，也许”，后加名词、代词或形容词。He may be angry.7. sound like+名词代词和从句：It sounds like you dont know the truth. It sounds like a good idea.sound+形容词，“听起来，好像”，The music sounds nice.8. get off (the bus) 下（公交车） get on 上车9. trouble问题，麻烦 ；be in trouble

7、遇到麻烦，make trouble 制造麻烦 ，get into trouble 陷入麻烦 have trouble (in) doing sth. =have difficulty (in) doing sth做.有麻烦。 10. right away=right now=at once，意为 马上 。11. advice U劝告，建议，向征求意见， give sb. advice on sth.就某事给某人建议；suggestionC advise v advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事12. hurt 及物动词，使疼痛，受伤，He hurt his leg whi

8、le exercising. 不及物动词，（部位）疼。 His leg hurt badly.13. hit （用手或器具）打；击打 The boy hit the dog with a stone. hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on用在所打较硬的部位； hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，in用在所打较软的部位。14. be used to sth./ doing sth.习惯于、适应了、做某事，强调状态； get/ become used to sth./ doing sth.

9、 “变得习惯，逐渐适应”强调过程、动作： used to do sth.过去/曾经(常)做某事，强调现在已经不再存在或发生。15. 物sth. run out. 某物用尽了； 人sb. run out of sth. 人用尽了某物。16. risk (sb.) to do sth. 冒险去做某事 take a risk=take risks 冒险 17. the importance of (doing) sth.（做）某事的重要性 importance n. 重要（性）， important adj.重要的，unimportant adj.不重要的18.make a decision 做决定

10、 ; make a decision to do sth.= decide to do sth. 。19. be in the control of 掌管，管理 The headmaster is in the control of this new school. be out of control无法控制，无法管理 be under control被控制住，在控制之中20. mind意为 介意 ，mind (ones) doing sth 介意做某事 21. give up (doing) sth. 放弃（做）某事，give up (playing) computer games；Unit

11、 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks一短语1. an old peoples home 养老院2. help out with sth. 帮助解决困难3 used to 曾经 过去_4. care for 关心;照顾5. the look of joy 快乐的表情6. at the age of 在.岁时7.go on a different journey 踏上不同的旅途8.clean up 打扫(或清除)干净9. cheer up (使)变得更高兴;振雀10. give out 分发;散发11. come up with 想出；提出12. make

12、a plan 制订计划13. make some notices 做公告牌14. try out 试用;试行15. work for 为工作；为效力16. put up 建造;举起;张贴17. hand out 分发;散发;发给18. call up 打电话;召集19. put off 推迟;延迟20. for example 比如；例如21. raise money 筹钱;募捐22. take after 与.相像;像23. give away 赠送;捐赠24. fix up 修理;修补;解决25. be similar to 与相似26. set up 建立;设立27. disabled

13、people 残疾人28. make a difference影响;有作用29. be able to 能够30. after-school reading program课外阅读项目二基础知识1. sick 生病的，有病的；可在句中作表语Mary cant come because she is sick. 也可作定语a sick child 【区别ill】ill与sick同义；但是只在句中做表语，不做定语。Mary could not come because she is ill.2. cheer (sb.) up（让某人）变得高兴；振奋起来The good news cheered u

14、p everyone in our class.3. give out分发；散发，相当于hand out，The teacher is giving out/ handing out the test papers. give sth. out to sb. 意为 把某物分发给某人 。4. volunteer 【名词】志愿者 【动词】义务做，自愿做（某事）volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事 ， The girls could volunteer in an after-school study program.5. alone 【形容词】独自一人的，无感情色彩：The mus

15、ician enjoyed living alone and writing songs himself. lonely （感到）孤独寂寞的，带有很强的感情色彩，可做表语或定语。The lonely boy is not lonely now.6. care for sb./sth.照顾；照料 care 【名词】小心，关心take care of=look after 【动词】care about sb./sth.关心，在意某人/事 【形容词】careful 仔细的 / careless 粗心的 【副词】carefully 仔细地 7. such “这样的，这种，如此”，用于修饰名词 such

16、+ a/ an+形容词+单数名词：such a good day /such an exciting match such+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词：such important decisions/such delicious food 如果名词前被many, much, few, little修饰时，只能用so，而不用such：so many sick children/ so little time8. try out for参加选拔，争取成为Thirty football players tried out for the Best Player of the year.try o

17、ut试用，试验9. journey 【名词】（尤指长途）旅行，行程；trip【名词】多指短途旅行；travel【名词、动词】travel around the world 【名词】traveler旅行者10.【复习】try doing sth. 试着去做某事 try to do sth. 尽力去做某事 try ones best (to do sth.) 尽某人最大的努力去做某事 11. raise money集资，筹钱；raise money for为筹钱 raise【及物动词】举起；提高；募集，rise【不及物动词】12.【形容词】broken破损的，出毛病的；blind瞎的，失明的；de

18、af聋的；disabled有残疾的，丧失能力的；在句中做定语和表语。13. make it possible (for sb.) to do sth.使（某人）做某事成为可能，You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. make it +形容词(+for sb.) to do sth. 使（某人）做某事成为； think/find it +形容词to do sth. 14. make a difference to对有影响；对有作用，difference前可以用no, any, some, much等修饰，如The rain mad

19、e no difference to the game. Hard-working makes much difference to study.15. difficulty【可数/不可数】表示抽象意义的“困难”时为不可数；表示具体的“难题、难事”时为可数；have difficulty (in) doing sth.= have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难 16. train【动词】训练，trained为过去分词，可做定语，意为“受过训练的”a trained dog17. be excited about sth. 对某事感到兴奋 ，Everyone is

20、 excited about the good news.18. repair 【动词】修理，修补； fix【动词】安装；使固定 【fix up修理=repair】 Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?一短语1.go out for dinner 出去吃饭2.stay out late 在外面待到很晚3.go to the movies 去看电影4.get a ride 搭车5.work on 从事6.finish doing sth. 完成做某事7.clean and tid y 干净整洁8.do the dishes 洗餐具9.take out

21、the rubbish 倒垃圾10.fold your/the clothes 叠衣服11.sweep the floor 扫地12.make your/the bed 整理床铺13.clean the living room 打扫客厅14.no problem 没问题15.welcome sb. 欢迎某人e home fro m school/work放学/下班回家17.throw down 扔下18.sit down 坐下e over 过来20.take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步21.all the time 一直;总是22.all day/evening 整曰/夜23.

22、do housework 做家务24.shout back 大声回应25.walk away 走开26.share the housework 分担家务27.a comfortable home 一个舒适的家28.in surprise 惊讶地29.get something to drink 拿点喝的东西30. watch one show 观看一个节目31.hang out 闲逛32.pass sb. sth. 把某物传给某人33.lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人34.get sth. wet 使某物弄湿35.hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事36.do chores 做

23、杂务37.help sb. (to ) do /with sth帮助某人干某事38.bring a tent带顶帐篷来39.buy some snacks买些小吃40.go to the store去商店41.invite sb. to a party邀请某人参加聚会42.make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事43.enough stress足够的压力44.a waste of time浪费时间45.in order to为了46.get good grades取得好成绩47.mind doing sth. 介意做某事48.depend on依赖;依靠49.develop childr

24、ens independence发展孩子的独立性50.look after/take care of 照顾；照看51.do one s part in (doing ) sth. 做某人分内的事二基础知识1. Peter,could you please take out the trash? Could you please do sth? 请你（做）.好吗？用于提出请求，希望得到对方的肯定回答，说话的语气比较客气委婉。could 不是can的过去式，是委婉、礼貌的说法。回答用can.【常用答语】肯定回答：Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem. 否

25、定回答： Sorry , I cant【注】: Take out跟代词做宾语，代词放中间； 跟名词做宾语，可放在中间，也可放在后边【短语】take out the trash 倒垃圾 take a walk 散步 take away 拿走，取走 take back 收回 take place 发生 take off 脱下； 起飞 take care of 照顾 take up 占据 take down 拿下 take ones time 不急；慢慢来2. Could I at least finish watching this show? 至少让我看完这个节目可以吗？at least 至少，

26、多指数量或程度上的最低限度。(反) at most 至多，不超过3.I think two hours of TV is enough for you! two hours of TV： 表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用单数形式。How time is flies! Three years _is_(be) really a short time. 4. The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over .【解析1】the minute = as soon as “一. 就.” Please

27、 write to me the minute you get there.【解析2】come over 过来 【拓展】 come 短语：come across（偶然）发现 come back 回来 come up with想出 come true实现 come down下来 come from=be from来自,出生于come in/into进入,进来 come on赶快,加油 come along走吧,过来,快点come and go来来去去 come up上来 come out出来，(花)开，(照片)冲洗出来5. You watch TV all the time and never

28、help out around the house! all the time = always 一直；总是6. For one week , she did not do any housework and neither did I.【解析】neither +助动词/系动词/情态动词 +主语 “某人（主语） 也不” neither两者都不neither nor 既不也不,连接两个词做主语，谓语动词由后一个主语确定(就近原则）Neither Tom nor Jim is a student 表达“也不” 则用 “Neither /Nor + be / V助 / V情 + 主” The fir

29、st one wasnt bad. Neither was the second. 7. The next day , my mom came home from work to find the house clean and tidy.【解析】find +宾语+宾语补足语 (1) find sb. doing sth 发现某人做某事 (2) find it + adj. + to do sth 发现做某事很find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发现做某事很困难 She found it hard to finish the work by herself.8.

30、 She asked in surprise.她吃惊地问道。to ones surprise 使某人吃惊的是 in surprise 吃惊地 be surprised at 对感到吃惊9. “ Im do sorry, Mom. I finish understand that we need to share the housework to have a clean and comfortable home.” I replied. 【解析1】need用于肯定句，是实义动词。(1)人做主语，sb. need to do sth 某人需要做某事(2)物做主语，sth need doing s

31、th= sth need to be done用于否定句或疑问句，是情态动词(1)neednt = dont have to 没有必要(2)need ,must 引导的一般疑问句，肯定会的用must,否定回答用neednt Must I go there now? Yes，you must/No, you neednt【解析2】share 分享；共用。share sth 分享或共用某物share sth with sb. 与某人分享某物10.Could I hang out with my friends after the movie?【解析】hang out 闲逛 hang up 把.悬挂

32、/挂起11. Could you please pass me the salt?你能把盐递给我吗？【解析】pass v 给；递；走过；通过 pass sb.sth 把某物递给某人；pass on 传递 v 通过；路过 I pass your home. v 通过（考试） ；及格 Tom can pass his math exam.12. Could I borrow that book?我能借下你那本书看吗、 Could you lend me some money?你能借我一些钱吗？【解析】borrow /lend/keep(1)borrow 借入 ,与from 连用，尤指主语“【借进来

33、”】borrow sth from sb. 从某人那里借某物 (2)lend 借出 ,与to 搭配 【指借出去】lend sb sth=lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人(3)keep 保留，保存（延续动词，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用）【指借一段时间】I want to borrow a bike from my friend but he didnt lend it to me, because Tom had kept it for two days.13. I cut my finger and Im trying not to get it wet.【解析】try (not

34、) to do sth努力（不）做某事。【拓展】 (1)try on 试穿 (2) try to do sth 努力做某事 (3) try doing sth 尝试做某事 (4)try ones best to do sth= do ones best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事14. I hate to do chores. 我讨厌做家务。hate to do sth 讨厌做某事, 表示某次具体行为或动作。 I hate to trouble him. hate doing sth不愿意做某事 表示经常或习惯性行为或动作。 She hates smoking in her ro

35、om. 15.Ill finish my homework while you help me with the dishes.【解析】while conj. “在期间； 当的时候”While 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是延续动词。16. Could I invite my friends to a party? 我能邀请我的朋友们来聚会吗？【解析】invite v invitation n邀请 (1) invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人做某事 (2)invite sb. to +地点 邀请某人去某地17.I dont understand why some parent

36、s make their kids help with housework and chores at home. (1) make sb/sth + 形容词 “让某人或某物” make you happy (2) make sb/sth do sth 使某人做某事 make me laugh.18. Housework is a waste of their time. 做家务是在浪费他们的时间。【解析】a waste of 浪费 a waste of time 浪费时间a waste of money 浪费金钱waste v “浪费” waste time/money on sth; (i

37、n) doing sth 在做某事上花费时间/金钱19.They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university. 为了取得好成绩并考上一所好大学，他们应该把时间用在学习上。【解析1】区分：spend/pay/cost/take 花费【解析2】in order to “目的是；为了” 后接动词原形。 in order that后接句子【解析3】get into =enter 进入【拓展】 get over 克服 get through 通过；做完；度

38、过，熬过(困难时期)20.It is the parents job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children. provide为应急等做好准备而“提供； 供给”provide sb. with sth. =provide sth for sb.提供某人某物offer侧重表示“愿意给予”offer sb. sth. = offer sth to sb.对某人提供某物 offer to do sth 主动提出干某事21. And anyway, I think doing chores is

39、 not so difficult.【解析】anyway 无论如何, (一般放在句首，用逗号和句子隔开）22. Children these days depend on their parents too much.【解析】depend on 依靠；信赖; 取决于 Shall we go for a picnic tomorrow? Well, it all depends on the weather.23. Everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy.【解析1】 do ones part 尽职责；尽本分 do on

40、es part in doing sth 在做某事上尽职责【解析2】keep +sth /sb. +adj. “使.处于某种状态” keep 系动词 “保持” keep + adj . We must keep healthy.实义动词 “保持；继续” (1) keep ( on ) doing sth 继续做某事 (2) keep sb.doing sth 让某人一直做某事24. Doing chores helps to develop childrens independence and teaches them how to look after themselves.【解析】deve

41、lop independence 培养独立意识 develop vdevelopment n 发展developing adj. 发展的/developed adj. 发达的a developing country 一个发展中国家 a developed country 一个发达国家32. Since they live in one house with their parents, they should know that everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy.【解析】since conj. 既然 (表示对方

42、已知的事实或理由，常放在句首）34. As a result , he often fell ill and his grades dropped. 【解析1】as a result 结果 （插入语，放在句首，用逗号隔开）【解析2】fall ill 生病 fall asleep 入睡35 .The earlier kids learn to be independent , the better it is for their future.【解析】the + 比较级， the + 比较级 “越. 越. ”Unit 4 Why dont you talk to your parents?一短语

43、 1. have free time有空闲时间2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事3. hang out with sb. 与某人闲逛4. after-school classes课外活动课5. get into a fight with sb. 与某人吵架/打架6. until midnight直到半夜7. talk to sb. 与某人交谈8. too many太多9. study too much学得过多10. get enough sleep有足够的睡眠11. write sb. a letter给某人写信12. call sb. up打电话给某人13. su

44、rprise sb. 令某人惊讶14. look through翻看15. be angry with sb. 生某人的气16. a big deal重要的事17. work out成功地发展;解决18. get on with不 11睦相处；关系良:19. fight a lot经常吵架/打架20. hang over笼罩21. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事22. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事23. so that以便24. mind sb. doing sth. 介意某人做某事25. all the time一直26. in future今后27. m

45、ake sb. angry使某人生气28. worry about sth. 担心某事29. copy ones homework抄袭某人的作业30. be oneself做自己31. family members32. spend time alone独自消磨时光33. give sb. pressure给某人施压34. have a fight with sb. 与某人吵架35. compete with sb. 与某人竞争36. free time activities业余活动37. get better grades取得更好的成绩38. give ones opinion提出某人的观点

46、39. learn exam skills学习应试技巧40. practice sports体育训练41. cause stress造成压力42. cut out删除二基础知识1. Why dont you talk to your parents? 用于提建议的句型有： (1) What/how about doing sth. ? (2) Why dont you do sth.?= Why not do sth.? (3) Lets do sth. (4) Shall we/I do sth.? (5) had better do/not do sth. (6) Will/Would y

47、ou please do sth? (7) Would you like to do sth.? (8) Would you mind doing sth.？2. I have to study too much so I dont get enough sleep. 【解析】(1)too many + 复数名词 许多 (2)too much +不可数名词 许多 (3)much too +形容词 太 3. My parents dont allow me to hang out with my friends. 【解析】allow doing sth. 允许做某事 allow sb. to d

48、o sth. 允许某人做某事 be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事4. Im really tried because I studied until midnight last night. 【解析】until引导的时间状语从句：如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到才”, 谓语动词可用短暂性动词。5. Why dont you go to sleep earlier this evening? 今天晚上你为什么不早点睡觉呢？【解析】go to sleep 去睡觉 (强调“入睡，睡着”这一动作） fall asl

49、eep睡觉 (强调“入睡，睡着”这一状态）6. You look sad, Kim. 金，你看起来很伤心。【解析】look 看起来 （系动词，后跟形容词作宾语）一是：（be） am /is /are be quiet=keep quiet 保持安静二保持：stay/keep （表示持续状态） stay healthy=keep healthy 保持健康三变化：become/get/turn （表示状态变化）五起来：sound/look/smell/taste/feel （表示感觉）7. You call him up. 【解析】call up (v + adv) call on 拜访；号召8.

50、I found my sister looking through my things yesterday. 【解析1】find sb. doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事【解析2】 look for寻找; look over检查,复习; look through浏览; look out小心,从里向外看;look up向上看,查单词; look around环视; look forward to期望;look down upon瞧不起9. Although shes wrong, Its not a big deal. 【解析1】although= though 尽管；though /

51、although 不能与but连用【解析2】Its not a big deal. 没什么大不了；不是什么大事（常用于口语中）You left your homework at home. 你把作业忘在家里了。【解析】leave v 遗忘，留下 leave sth. . somewhere把某物忘在某地leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下10. Hope things work out. 希望事情顺利解决。【解析1】 hope to do sth. hope + that 从句 （表示希望） wish to do sth. wish sb.to do sth. wish +

52、that 从句 表示愿望，从句用虚拟语气 【解析2】work out 解决；成功地发展，后跟fine,well, badly等词，表明产生的结果如何。11. My problem is I cant get on with my favorite. 【解析】get on with sb. =get along with sb. 和某人和睦相处；和某人关系良好 12. When they argue, its like a big, black cloud hanging over our home. 【解析1】argue 争吵 argument n 争论 have an argument wi

53、th sb.与某人辩论argue with sb. 与某人争吵 argue with sb. about sth. 为某事与某人争吵argue about sth. 争论某事 argue against 争辩；反对 【解析2】 hang over 挂在.之上； 悬浮在.之上 hang out 闲逛；常去某处 hang up 挂电话；悬挂 13. Also, my elder brother is not very nice to me. elder用来表示兄弟姐妹及子女之间的长幼关系，常用作定语older泛指新旧、老幼或年龄的大小关系，可以用作表语，是old的比较级形式。【解析】14. He

54、always refuses to let me watch my favorite TV show. 【解析】refuse =say no to v拒绝 refuse to do sth.拒绝去做某事15. Instead he watches whatever he wants until late at night. 【解析1】 (1) instead 副词，代替，常放在句首或句尾，表示前面的事情没做，而做了后面的事情。(2) instead of +n/doing 代替，而不是，放在句中【解析2】 whatever = no matter what 任何，每一16. If your p

55、arents are having problems, you should offer to help. 【解析】(1) offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 (2)offer sb. sth.= offer sth. to sb. 主动提供给某人某物17. Secondly,why dont you sit down and communicate with your brother? 【解析1】secondly adv.第二；其次【解析2】communicate v交流 communication n 交流；沟通communicate with sb. 和某人交流 18. You should explain t