名词的用法及归纳

1、精品文档名词的用法及归纳名词：表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词一、名词的分类类别用法例词普通名司1表示一类人、或东西、或个抽象概念的名词可数名词个体名词表示某类人或东西中的个体pen,student,desk,book,bike集体名词表示若干个个体组成的集合体family,class,people,school个pj数名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物air,water,paper抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念work,time,news专有名b表示某个（些）人、地方、机构等专有的名称（注意：这类词的中心词的第一个字母要大写）翻译：长城；汤姆；中国二、名词的数1.可数名词有单数

2、和复数两种形式。复数形式的构成:变形规则写出以下词语的复数形式1、一般情况卜，在词尾加sbookf2、ch,sh,s,x.+eswatchf,boxf3、o+es（动植物）tomatof,potatofo+s（非动植物）photof,radiof4、兀首子母(a,e,i,o,u)+y+sboyf;holidayf;monkeyf（辅音字母）.+yf.iesstudyf;technologyf5、f,fefveswifef.:leaff6、双重复数变为复数：awomannursef变为复数：amandoctorf国民的复数形式：国别复数形式Chinese/Japanese仲日）Englishma

3、n/Frenchman/（英法）American/Australian/German,etc./（其他）2.不可数名词一般没有复数形式，若表示确定数量时，一般用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词”【例题】翻译以下词组：两杯水：;两条新闻：两张纸：;几片面包：两袋大米：;3.有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词，但词义有所不同。小引数名词词义可数名词词义不可数名词词义可数名词词义fruit果fruitsfood食物foodsfishfefishesdrink饮料、酒adrinkcloth布aclothsand沙sandschicken鸡肉achickenorange精品文档橘汁anorangegl

4、assglassespaper纸apaperwood木头woodsroom空间aroom4.数量的表示:修饰可数名词afew一点苹果：（肯定）few（几乎没有）一点苹果：（否定）many许多人：a(great)numberof大量学生：修饰不可数名词alittle一点点面包：（肯定）little（几乎没有）一点面包：（否定）much许多大米：(large)amountsof大量的水资源：agreatdealof许多钱：既修饰可数名词又修饰不可数名词alotof=lotsof许多羊：（只用于肯定）plentyof大里的缶息：some一些故事：any一些错误：enough足够的食物：三、名词的所有

5、格1 .有生命的名词所有格，以及表示时间、距离、城镇、国家等的名词所有格：不是以s结尾的名词变成所有格时，在词尾加。例题:麦克的手表：以s结尾的名词变成所有格时，只加,例题:老师们的办公室：; 两个或两个以上名词并列，表示共同所有，只需在最后一个名词后加。例题:汤姆和麦克的房间：;杰克和玛丽的姐姐： 两个或两个以上名词并列，表示分别所有，需在几个名词后都加。例题:玛丽的自行车和汤姆的自行车：汤姆的姐姐和麦克的姐姐： 在表示“店铺、某某家、诊所”的名词所有格后面，一般省去被修饰的名词。例题:在他弟弟家：在史密斯先生家：; 用所有格表示时间或距离的方法：例题:开车十分钟的路程：;一个月的假期：;两

6、周的工作： 用所有格表示节日的方法。如：TeachersDay；ChildrensDay注意：除了父亲节和母亲节（MothersDay、FathersDay）,其他节日都用名词复数的所有格表示。【例题】：妇女节：；儿童节：；2 .无生命的事物的名词所有格，常用of结构。例题:一张中国地图：;这个游戏的开始;这个房间的门：3 .特殊形式:C.sheeps,foxesC.letterboxC.leafC.appleC.informationC.chickensC.roomsC.woodenC.Japanese,GermansC.JapaneseC.womanteachersC.womandrive

7、rsDsheep,foxsDlettersboxDleaveDpearDstoriesDthechickenDtheroomD.woodsDJapanese,GermensDAmericanDwomenteacherDwomendrivers精品文档1）可用和of短语表示的名词所有格：【例题】：用of短语表示：theboysname=;Chinaspopulatio2）双重所有格。例题:我妈妈的一个朋友：;汤姆的一张照片：练习选择题A:（数）1. Inthepicturetherearemanyandtwo.A.sheep,foxesB.sheeps,fox2. InBritain,areal

8、lpaintedred.A.letterboxesB.lettersboxes3. Pleaseremembertogivethehorsesometree.A.leafsB.leaves4. Canwehavesome?Yes,please.A.bananaB.oranges5. Theygotmuchfromthosenewbooks.A.ideasB.photos6. Whatwouldyouliketohaveforlunch,sir?一Idlike.A.chickenB.achicken7. Childrenshouldmakeforoldpeopleinabus.A.roomB.a

9、room8. TablesaremadeofA.woodB.somewoods9. Therearefourandtwointhegroup.A.Japanese,GermenB.Japaneses,Germen10. Agroupofwillvisitthemuseumtomorrow.A.HungarianB.Australian11. Therearesixty-seveninourschool.A.womensteacherB.womenteachers12. Therearefiveinourfactory.A.womandriverB.womendriver13. 一Wouldyo

10、uliketea?No,thanks.IhavedrunktwoA.any,bottlesoforangeB.some,bottlesoforange14.Heishungry.Givehimtoeat.A.twobreadsB.twopieceofbread15. Canyougiveme?A.ateaB.somecupoftea16. Johnboughtforhimselfyesterday.A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoe17. Whatlovelyweatheritis!A./B.the18. Hegaveusonhowtokeepfit.A.some

11、advicesB.someadvice19. Itreallytookhimtodrawthenicehorse.A.sometimesB.hourC.many,bottlesoforangesD.few,bottleoforangesC.twopiecesofbreadC.acupteaC.twopairofshoesC.anC.anadviceC.lDtwopiecesofbreadsDacupofteaDtwopairsshoesDaDaadviceDsometime精品文档20.Shewasveryhappy.Sheinthemathstest.A.makesafewmistakeB.

12、madeafewmistakesC.madefewmistakes选择题B:（所有格）March8thisDay.1.,A.Woman2Isthebroomunder一No,itsunder.A.theteachers;my3. Excuseme,whereistheA.mensroom4. ThefootballunderthebedisB.Womendesk?B.teachers;mine?B.mensroomA.LilyandLucyB.LilysandLucys5. Hisbagisnicerthaninhisclass.A.anyotherstudentB.theotherstude

13、nts6. Joanis.A.MarysandJacksisterC.MaryandJacksister7. Inafewtime,thosemountainswillbecoveredwithtrees.C.WomansC.teachers;meC.mensroomsC.LilysandLucyC.anyotherstudentsB.MaryandJackssisterD.MarysandJackssisterA.yearB.years8. Thepostofficeisabitfarfromhere.ItsaboutA.thirtyminutesswalkB.thirtyminuteswa

14、lk9. Pleasetaketwo.A.pictureoftheparkB.picturesofthepark10. MissSmithisafriendofA.MarysmothersB.MarysmotherC.yearsC.thirtyminuteswalkC.thepicturesofaparkC.mothersofMary附加题:1. Wecouldseechildrenandhearnoiseinthepark.A.many,manyB.much,muchC.many,much2. Computerscandoworkinashorttime,butamancannotdobyh

15、imself.A.greatmany;manyB.much;agreatmanyC.agreatdealof;much3. InherletterAuntMarytoldusmanyabouthervisittoJapan.A.newsB.storiesC.advices4. Mr.Lioftengivesusbye-mail.5.6.7.A.somegoodinformations-Can1helpyou,sir?Idliketohave100A.pieceofpaperTheywantthreeA.loafbreadSeptember10thisA.theTeacherB.somegood

16、informationC.goodinformations.Iwantthestudentstodrawpicturesonthem.B.piecesofpaperB.loafofbreadDay.C.papersC.loavesbreadB.TeachersC.Teacher8. Thosenicecarsarethosefamous.A.dancersB.dancersC.dancers9. Thetwodeskshereare.Youmayusethedeskoverthere.A.MaryandJaneB.MarysandJanesC.MaryandJane10. Howfarisit

17、fromyourofficetoyourflat?ItsaboutA.20minuteswalkB.20-minuteswalkC.walk20minutesD.makesfewmistakeD.WomenD.theteachers;mineD.menroomsD.LilyandLucysD.anystudentsD.yearsD.thirtyminuteswalkD.pictureofaparkD.MarymothersD.much,manyD.many;agreatmanyD.ideaD.agoodinformationD.paperD.loavesofbreadD.TeachersD.d

18、ancerD.MarysandJanesD.20minuteswalk精品文档11.ImgoingtohelpwithEnglish.12.A.afriendofNancy,hersthatpairofnew_A.Is,shoe13.leavingforBeijingtomorrow.A.TheZhangis14. Thisisabookof.A.Tom15.ThepostcardissentbyA.afriendofmyfather16. Thisroomis_.A.BillandDavids17. Iwouldliketohave_.A.twoglassesofmilkB.twoglassofmilk18. Thistableismadeof_A.manyglassB.glasses19. Iwonderwhyaresointerestedinactionfilms.A.peopleB.peoples20. Ifthesetrousersaretoobig,buyasmaller_.A.setB.onesD,herD.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.B.afriendofNancyexpensive?B.Are,