句子种类（课堂PPT）

1、1英语句子的种类英语句子的种类2练习：将上四个例句变成练习：将上四个例句变成否定否定陈述句。陈述句。句子的分类句子的分类 （按用途划分）：（按用途划分）： 陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句（一）陈述句：用来陈述一件事情，说明一个事实，表述说话（一）陈述句：用来陈述一件事情，说明一个事实，表述说话 人的看法、和态度的句子。人的看法、和态度的句子。常用结构：主语常用结构：主语+谓语谓语+其它。其它。 句末通常是句号。句末通常是句号。 Eg. 1. Tom can speak good English. 汤姆英语说的很好。汤姆英语说的很好。 2. He is a stud

2、ent. 他是一个学生。他是一个学生。3. I like football. 我喜欢足球。我喜欢足球。 4. Tom gets up early every day. 汤姆每天都起得很早。汤姆每天都起得很早。1. Tom can not speak good English.2. He is not a student. 3. I dont like football.4. Tom doesnt get up early every day.31. 及物动词：后必须跟宾语及物动词：后必须跟宾语 Eg. They study English.She eats an apple every day

3、.We raise the flag every Monday.我们每周一升旗。我们每周一升旗。2. 不及物动词：后需加介词才能跟宾语不及物动词：后需加介词才能跟宾语The flag rises. 旗升起来了。旗升起来了。Please stand up. /Please come here.They listen to English every morning. 他们每天早上都听英语。他们每天早上都听英语。连系动词后跟表语。连系动词后跟表语。助动词无特殊意义，帮助构成否定句、疑问句、正在进行时态、完成时态助动词无特殊意义，帮助构成否定句、疑问句、正在进行时态、完成时态或被动语态等或被动语态等

4、,常见助动词有常见助动词有be, do, haveWe dont like the film. 我们不喜欢这部电影。我们不喜欢这部电影。 （用于否定句）（用于否定句）Tom is doing his homework. 汤姆正在做作业。汤姆正在做作业。 （用于正在进行时态）（用于正在进行时态）He has finished his work. 他已经完成了工作。他已经完成了工作。 （用于完成时态）（用于完成时态）情态动词后须跟动词原形。情态动词有情态动词后须跟动词原形。情态动词有will, can, may, must,need等等You may go now. 你可以走了。你可以走了。 I

5、will be there on time. 我会准时到那儿的。我会准时到那儿的。常见连系动词有：常见连系动词有：be, become/turn(变得变得)，look(看起来看起来)，smell(闻起来闻起来), sound（听起来），（听起来），feel（摸起来），（摸起来），taste（尝起来）等（尝起来）等Eg. She is beautiful./She is a student.His face turn red. 他的脸变红了。他的脸变红了。Your coat looks nice. 你的外套看起来很漂亮。你的外套看起来很漂亮。The music sounds beautiful.

6、 这音乐听起来很美。这音乐听起来很美。be动词、助动词和动词、助动词和情态动词变否定形情态动词变否定形式在其后直接加式在其后直接加not.行为动词和除行为动词和除be动词动词以外的系动词，变否以外的系动词，变否定形式要在其前加定形式要在其前加dont 或或doesnt。可单独使用可单独使用必须与行为必须与行为动词或系动动词或系动词连用构成词连用构成谓语谓语4行为动词行为动词 1. They study English. 2. She eats an apple every day. 3. The flag rises. 4. They listen to English every morni

7、ng. 系动词系动词 5. She is beautiful. 6. Your coat looks nice. 7. The music sounds beautiful. 助动词助动词 8. Tom is doing his homework. 9. He has finished his work. 情态动词情态动词 10. You may go now. 11. I will be there on time. 将下列句子变成否定句。提示：提示：1. 行为动词和除行为动词和除be动词动词以外的系动词，变否以外的系动词，变否定形式要在其前加定形式要在其前加dont 或或doesnt。2.

8、 be动词、助动词和情动词、助动词和情态动词变否定形式在其态动词变否定形式在其后直接加后直接加not.(studydont study)(eatsdoesnt eat)(risesdoesnt rise)(listen todont listen to)(isisnt)(looksdoesnt look)(soundsdoesnt sound)(is doingis not doing)(has finishedhas not finished)(may gomay not go)(will bewill not be)5注：注：1）半否定句）半否定句I hardly know anythin

9、g about it. 2）部分否定句与全否定句）部分否定句与全否定句I dont like both the films.I like neither Cathy nor Mary. 3)否定转移否定转移I dont think it will be very cold today. (believe, expect, suppose)62、疑问句疑问句 （1）疑问句的主要交际功能是提出问）疑问句的主要交际功能是提出问题，询问情况。题，询问情况。分为一般疑问句、选择疑问句、特分为一般疑问句、选择疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句。殊疑问句和反意疑问句。(2)、疑问句、疑问句 的分类的分类71）一

10、般疑问句）一般疑问句 用来询问一件事，答案通常是用来询问一件事，答案通常是yes或或 no，注意语序。，注意语序。Have you anything to say?Did someone phone me last night?否定疑问句否定疑问句Cant you understand it?Isnt it a beautiful lake? -Havent you been to the UK? -No, I havent.8行为动词行为动词 1. They study English. 2. She eats an apple every day. 3. The flag rises. 4

11、. They listen to English every morning. 系动词系动词 5. She is beautiful. 6. Your coat looks nice. 7. The music sounds beautiful. 助动词助动词 8. Tom is doing his homework. 9. He has finished his work. 情态动词情态动词 10. You may go now. 11. I will be there on time. 将下列句子变成一般疑问句提示：提示：1. 行为动词和除行为动词和除be动词动词以外的系动词，变一般以外的

12、系动词，变一般疑问句直接在句首加疑问句直接在句首加do或或does或或did。2. be动词、助动词和情动词、助动词和情态动词变一般疑问句，态动词变一般疑问句，直接将这些词提前。直接将这些词提前。.Do they study English?Does she eat an apple every day?Does the flag rise?Do they listen to English every morning?Is she beautiful?Does your coat look nice?Does the music sound beautiful?Is Tom doing hi

13、s homework?Has he finished his work?May you go now?Will you be there on time?92）特殊疑问句）特殊疑问句1.特殊疑问句的定义特殊疑问句的定义; 以特殊疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提以特殊疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。问的句子叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词有：常用的疑问词有：what who whom whose which when where how why等。等。102.特殊疑问句有两种语序特殊疑问句有两种语序 （1）陈述语序）陈述语序Who was the first man in space?（

14、2）倒装语序）倒装语序Whom are you talking about?注：注：A、简略式、简略式 Why not go alone? Why get so angry? How/What about taking a rest? B、复杂特殊疑问句、复杂特殊疑问句 What do you think he has done? 11练习：对下列句子划线部分提问。Tom goes to see his grandparents on Sundays. 提示：陈述句变特殊疑问句方法：提示：陈述句变特殊疑问句方法： 1. 对主语进行提问，直接用相应疑问词代替主语，其它都照写。对主语进行提问，直接

15、用相应疑问词代替主语，其它都照写。2. 对非主语部分进行提问，用相应疑问词代词该部分，并将其放在句首，对非主语部分进行提问，用相应疑问词代词该部分，并将其放在句首，然后将剩下的部分变成一般疑问句。然后将剩下的部分变成一般疑问句。Who goes to see his grandparents on Sundays?Who(m) does Tom go to see on Sundays?When does Tom go to see his grandparents?123）选择疑问句）选择疑问句 选择疑问句（选择疑问句（alternative questions） 一般提出两种或两种以上的可

16、能，问对方选择哪一般提出两种或两种以上的可能，问对方选择哪一种。一种。 其结构可用一般疑问句，也可用特殊疑问句，供其结构可用一般疑问句，也可用特殊疑问句，供选择的两部分由选择的两部分由or连接，前者用升调，后者用降连接，前者用升调，后者用降调，如：调，如： Will you go there by bus or by train？ What would you like，coffee or tea？13(1)以一般疑问句为基础以一般疑问句为基础Is he a teacher or a doctor or a policeman?Shall I help you or can you manag

17、e?(2)以特殊疑问句为基础以特殊疑问句为基础Which do you prefer, red wine or white?How shall we go there? By bus or by train?(3) or not构成的选择疑问句构成的选择疑问句 Do you want to buy it or not？ 144)： 反意疑问句反意疑问句 A、含义、含义： 在一个陈述句之后附上一个在一个陈述句之后附上一个简短的疑问句，对陈述句提出相简短的疑问句，对陈述句提出相反的疑问，这种疑问句叫反意疑反的疑问，这种疑问句叫反意疑问句。问句。 如：如： 1. He is clever, isnt

18、 he? 2. We speak Chinese, dont we?15B、结构：、结构：结构一：结构一： 前肯，前肯，+ 后否后否 eg. He is clever, isnt he?结构二：结构二： 前否，前否，+ 后肯后肯 eg. He isnt clever, is he?16 结构一：结构一： 前肯，前肯，+ 后否后否 Be 动词：动词： 1. You are an actor, _ _ ? 2. He is a good boy, _ _ ? 3. It was fine yesterday, _ _ ? 4. You were studying when I called you

19、 last night, _ _ ? 5. She is going to visit me, _ _? 6. I am Chinese, _ _? arent you isnt he wasnt it werent you isnt she arent I17行为动词：行为动词： 1. It often rains here, _ _ ? 2. He likes soccer, _ _ ? 3. You have a headache, _ _ ? 4. I called you yesterday, _ _?其它动词：其它动词： 1. You will go to America, _ _

20、 ? 2. We have ever been to Shanghai, _ _ ? doesnt it doesnt he dont you didnt I wont youhavent we18C、特殊用法、特殊用法( (一一）1. His mother is a doctor, _ _ ?2. The dogs are fighting, _ _? There is a boy in our classroom, _ _ ?4. There were many cars in the street, _ _ ?5. There will be robots in our families

21、, _ _ ? isnt shearent they isnt therewerent therewont there19三、特殊用法三、特殊用法( (二二） 6. Sit down please, _ ?7. Please call me, _?8. Lets go home, _ ?9. Let us go home, _ ?10. Let me see, _ ? will / wont youshall / shant we will / wont you will / wont youwill / wont you20 结构二：结构二： 前否，前否，+ 后肯后肯 1. You aren

22、t an actor, _ _ ? 2. He isnt a good boy, _ _ ? 3. It wasnt fine yesterday, _ _ ? 4. It doesnt rain here, _ _ ? 5. His sister doesnt have a headache, _ _ ? 6. You didnt call me yesterday, _ _? are you is hedoes itdoes she was itdid you217. You wont go to U.S.A., _ _?8. There isnt a boy in our classro

23、om, _ _ ?9. There werent many cars in the street, _ _ ?10. Dont smoke, _ _ ?11. Dont lets do it, _ _ ？will youis therewere therewill youshall we22（三）祈使句：用来表示命令或请求，说话的对象是第二人称（三）祈使句：用来表示命令或请求，说话的对象是第二人称you, 但常常被省略但常常被省略 。常用动词原形开头。否定祈使句在句首加。常用动词原形开头。否定祈使句在句首加dontEg. Sit down, please! 请坐下！请坐下！ Give me a

24、 piece of paper! 给我一张纸！给我一张纸！ Dont waste your time! 不要浪费你的时间不要浪费你的时间! Lets go! 我们走吧！我们走吧！补充考点：补充考点： 祈使句的反义疑问句祈使句的反义疑问句 1. 肯定祈使句，反义疑问部分用肯定祈使句，反义疑问部分用will you或或wont you Give me a piece of paper, will you? (或或wont you?)2. 否定祈使句，反义疑问部分只用否定祈使句，反义疑问部分只用will you? Dont waste your time, will you?23（四）感叹句：表示喜

25、、怒、哀、乐等（四）感叹句：表示喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈情感的句子。强烈情感的句子。 What interesting films ! How foolish she is!How clearly you speak!242526 句型句型 结构结构（eg. 1. How beautiful she is!） eg.2. What a clever boy he is! eg.3. What clever students they are! eg.4 What bad news it is!1.How +2. What +形容词形容词/副词副词 +主语主语 +谓语动词谓语动词+其它其它名词或名词词组名词或名词词组+主语主语+谓语动词谓语动词+其它其它可数名词单数、复数名词或不可数名词可数