职称英语考试用书理工B——小抄版

1、二、阅读判断1.Inventor of LEDWhen Nick HolonyakACBACCB2.El NinoWhile someBACCBAC3.SmokingSince 1939,BAACBAB4.Engineering EthicsEngineering ethics isCBBACAA5.Rescue PlatformIn the aftermath ofBACBCBC6.Microchip Research Center CreatedA research centerBCBACAB7.Moderate Earthquake Strikes EnglandA moderate e

2、arthquakeBCACBAA8.Easy LearningStudents should beACCAABB9.Dangers Await Babies with AltitudeWomen who liveBCAABCB10.Irish Dolphins May Have a Unique DialectIrish scientists monitoringCBAACBA11.Computer MouseThe basic computerBCAABCA12.Study Helps Predict Big Mediterranean QuakeScientists have foundA

3、BCAABC13.The Northern LightsThe Sun is stormy andBACABCB14.BiodieselYuthachai of ThailandCBABACA15.Image Martian Dust ParticlesNASAs Phoenix MarsACBACBA练习册·Black HolesMost scientists agreeAABCCBA·Where Has the Salt Come from?.Every now andABBCAAB·The Threat to KiribatiThe pelple of Ki

4、ribatiAABBCAC·MegaplaneThe Boeing CorpACBBACA三、概括大意完成句子·Memory Test”I am going to giveDEAFCEAB·DVD for RentA pay-for-play systemCFEDAEDB·FordFords great strengthFBECDECA·RobotsThe most sophisticatedBECDBCAE1.More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing1 Although the dang

5、ersEBADFEAC2.Soot and Snow:a Hot Combination1 New research formCAFBBEDA3.Icy Microbes1 In ice that hasEAFDBCEA4.Compact Disks1 If someone says to youDAFCEBCF5.LED Lighting1 An accidental discoveryBEDCFABC6.How We Form First Impression1 We all have firstDCBAEDCB7.Screen Test1 Every year millionsABCDC

6、DEF8.The Mir Space Station1 The Russian Mir SpaceBECAFEDB9.More Rural Research Is Needed1 Agricultural research fundingEACBDAFC10.Washoe Learned American Sign Language1 An animal that influencedCBEACADE11.The Tiniest Electric Motor in the World1 Scientists recently madeEBDFABFC12.A Strong Greenhouse

7、 Gas1 Methane is a colorlessEFCDABFE13.Face Masks May Not Protect from Super-Flu1 If a super-flu strikesDCAFEAFB14.The Magic Io Personal Digital Pen1 Check out the io PersonalFBACDEAF15.Maglev Trains1 A few countries areAECBADCF四、阅读理解·Renewable Energy SourcesToday petroleum providesBDCBA·H

8、urricane KatrinaA hurricane is a fiercelyCBADD·Trying to Find a PartnerOne of the most strikingBDADC·TapeStore:A New Tape Storage SystemTapeStore is a newCBDBC·The Cherokee NationsLong before the whiteBCCDA·Pool WatchSwimmers can drown inDCBAB·U.S.Blacks Hard-hit by CancerDe

9、ath rates for cancerBDACD·Crystal EarOne day a friend askedACDBC·Technology Transfer in GermanyWhen it comes to translatingABCDD·New Foods and the New WorldIn the last 500 yearsACDAB·Please Fasten Your SeatbeltsSevere turbulence can killBCDAA·”Salty” Rice Plant Boosts Harves

10、tsBritish scientists are breedinigDBCAA1.Ford Abandons Electric VehiclesThe Ford motor companysCBACD2.World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some PredictIn a finding that may speed effortsBDDAB3.Citizen ScientistsUnderstanding how natureCBBAD4.Motoring Technology1.2 million road d

11、eathsCBDCA5.Late-Night DrinkingCoffee lovers bewareCCADB6.Weaving with LightIn the Sierra Madre mountainBDCAC7.Sugar Power for Cell PhonesUsing enzymes commonlyCACBD8.Eiffel Is an EyefulSome 300 meters upBACBC9.Egypt Felled by famineEven ancient EgyptsDADAD10.Young Female Chimps Outlearn Their Broth

12、ersYoung female chimpsBBCDA11.The Net Cost of Making a Name for YourselfCompanies are paying up to $10,000BBBAB12.Florida Hit by Cold Air MassIn January,2003BBACD13.Invisibility RingScientists cant yet make anCBBAC14.Japanese Car keeps Watch for Drunk DriversA concept car developedCBADB15.Winged Rob

13、ot Learns to FlyLearning how to fly tookCBABD16.Japanese Drilling into Core of EarthIn what resemblesBDACA17.A Sunshade for the PlanetEven with the bestCCAACD18.Thirst for OilWorldwide every dayDCABD19.Prolonging Human LifeProlonging humanCBADD20.Explorer of the Extreme DeepOceans cover moreCACDD21.

14、Plant GasScientists have beenCBDDC22.SnowflaakesYouve probablyheardADAAC23.Powering a City?Its a BreezeThe graceful woodenBBCDD24.Underground Coal Fires-a Looming CatastropheCoal burning deep undergroundCADBD25.Eat to LiveA meager dietDBDAC26.Male and female Pilots Cause Accidents DifferentlyMale pi

15、lots flyingBDABD27.Driven to DistractionJoe Coyne slides intoCDCDB28.Sleep Lets Brain File MemoriesTo sleep.perchancetoACDBD29.Food FrightExperiments under wayACBDA30.Digital RealmIn the digitalBAADC31.Hurricane KatrinaA hurricane is a fiercely powerfulCACDBD32.Mind-reading MachineA team of research

16、ersCDABB33.Experts Call for Local and Regional Control of Sites for Radioactive WasteThe withdrawal ofBBDCA34.Batteries Built by VirusesWhat do chicken poxCCDDA35.Putting Plants to WorkUsing the power of theCBBDC36.Listening Device Provides Landslide Early WarningA device that providesDDCAB37.”Dont

17、Drink Alone”Gets New MeaningIn what may be bad newsACABD38.Longer Lives for Wild ElephantsMost people think ofDBCDA39.Clone FarmFactory farming couldCADCA40.Air Pollution Cloud Measured on Both Sides of PacificScientists watched closelyDDCAC41.Too Little for Global WarmingOil and gas will runDBDDB42

18、.Renewable Energy SourcesToday petroleum providesDCBDB43.Forecasting MethodsThere are severalABDCA44.Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems NeededJudith S.WeisBDAAD45.Some Peolie Do Not Taste Salt Like OthersLow-salt foods may beCABCA46.Marvelous MetamaterialsInvisbility cloaksCDCBA47.Listeni

19、ng to BirdsongA male zebra finchCABDB48.”Hidden”Species may Be Surprisingly CommonCryptic speciesDDACA49.U.S.Scientists Confirm Water on MarsNASA scientists saidCCACA50.Cell Phones Increase Traffic,Pedestrian FatalitiesCell phones are a dangerDBBAB五、补全短文·A Heroic WomanThe whole of theBAEDF·

20、;LandminesWordwide there areDBFEA·You Need Courage!.Shortly after I beganECFAD·Good WritingLike fine foodCFADE六、完形填空1. Captain Cook Arrow LegendIt was a great legend while it lasted，but DNA testing has finally ended a two-century-old story of the Hawaiian arrow carved from the bone of Brit

21、ish explorer Captain James Cook who died in the Sandwich Islandsin 1779.“There is no Cook in the Australian Museum，museum collection manager Jude Philip said not long ago in announcing the DNA evidence that the arrow was not made of CookS bone.But that will not stop the museum from continuing to dis

22、play the arrow in its exhibition，“Uncovered：Treasures of the Australian Museum,” which does include a feather cape presented to Cook by Hawaiian King Kalaniopuu in 1778.Cook was one of Britains great explorers and is credited with discovering the“Great South Land，now Australia, in 1 770.He was clubb

23、ed to death in the Sandwich Islands，now HawaiiThe 1egend of Cooks arrow began in 1 824 when Hawaiian King Kamehameha on his deathbed gave the arrow to William Adams，a London surgeon and relative of Cooks wife，saying it was made of Cooks bone after the fatal fight with islanders.In the 1890s the arro

24、w was given to the Australian Museum and the legend continued until it came face-to-face with science.DNA testing by laboratories in Australia and New Zealand revealed the arrow was not made of Cooks bone but was more likely made of animal bone。said Philp.However, Cooks fans refuse to give up hope t

25、hat one Cook legend will prove true and that part of his remains will still be uncovered.as they say there is evidence not a11 of Cooks body was buried at sea in 1 779.“On this occasion technology has won"，”said Cliff Thornton，president of the Captain Cook Society, in a statement from Britain.“

26、But I am sure that one of these daysone of the Cook legends will prove to be true and it will happen one day.2. Avalanche and Its SafetyAn avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow, often mixed with air and water, down a mountainside. Avalanches are among the biggest dangers in the mountains for

27、both life and property.All avalanches are caused by an over-burden of material, typically snowpack, that is too massive and unstable for the slope that supports it. Determining the critical load, the amount of over-burden which is likely to cause an avalanche, is a complex task involving the evaluat

28、ion of a number of factors.Terrain slopes flatter than 25 degrees or steeper than 60 degrees typically have a low risk of avalanche. Snow does not gather significantly on steep slopes; also, snow does not flow easily on fiat slopes. Human-triggered avalanches have the greatest incidence when the sno

29、w's angle of rest 1is between 35 and 45 degrees; the critical angle, the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest, is 38 degrees. The rule of thumb2 is: A slope that is flat enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche,regardless of t

30、he angle. Additionally3, avalanche risk increases with use ; that is, the more a slope is disturbed by skiers, the more likely it is that an avalanche will occur.Due to the complexity of the subject, winter travelling in the backcountry4 is never 100% safe. Good avalanche safety is a continuous proc

31、ess , including route selection and examination to the snowpack, weather conditions , and human factors. Several well-known good habits can also reduce the risk. If local authorities issue avalanche risk reports, they should be considered and all warnings should be paid attention to. Never follow in

32、 the tracks of others without your own evaluations; snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were made. Observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are missing or damaged. Avoid traveling below others who might trigger an avalanche.3.What Is the Coolest Gas

33、 in the Universe?What is the coldest air temperature ever recorded on the Earth?Where was this low temperature recorded?The coldest recorded temperature on Earth was -90,which occurred in Antarctica in 1983.We encounter an interesting situation when we discuss temperatures in space.Temperatures in E

34、arth orbit actually range from about +120 to -120.The temperature depends upon whether you are in direct sunlight or shade.Obviously,-120 is colder than our body can safely endure.Thank NASA science for well-designed space suits that protect astronauts from these temperature extremes.The space tempe

35、ratures just discussed affect only our area of the solar system.Obviously,it is hotter closer to the Sun and colder as we travel away from the Sun.Astronomers estimate temperatures at Pluto are about -210.How cold is the lowest estimated temperature in the entire universe? Again,it depends upon your

36、 location. We are taught it is supposedly impossible to have a temperature below absolute zero,which is -273,at which atoms do not move.Two scientists,whose names are Cormell and Wieman,have successfully cooled down a gas to a temperature barely a bove absolute zero.They won a Nobel Prize in Physics

37、 in 200l for their work-not a discovery,in this case.Why is the two scientistswork so important to science?In the 1920S,Satyendra Nath Bose was studying an interesting theory about special light particles we now call photons.Bose had trouble convincing other scientists to believe his theory,so he co

38、ntacted Albert Einstein.Einsteins calculations helped him theorize that atoms would behave as Bose thought-but only at very cold temperatures.Scientists have also discovered that ultra-cold atoms can help them make the worlds atomic clocks even more accurate.These clocks are so accurate today they w

39、ould only lose one second every six million years!Such accuracy will help us travel in space because distance is velocity times time(d=v×t).With the long distances involved in space travel,we need to know time as accurately as possible to get accurate distance.4. Animal's “Sixth Sense”A tsu

40、nami was triggered by an earthquake in the Indian Ocean in December, 2004. It killed tens of thousands of people in Asia and East Africa. Wild animals, however, seem to have escaped that terrible tsunami. This phenomenon adds weight to notions that I they possess a “sixth sense” for disasters, exper

41、ts said.Sri Lankan wildlife officials have said the giant waves that killed over 24,000 people along the Indian Ocean island's coast clearly missed wild beasts, with no dead animals found.“No elephants are dead, not even a dead rabbit. I think animals can sense disaster. They have a sixth sense.

42、 They know when things are happening.” H.D. Ratnayake, deputy director of Sri Lanka's Wildlife Department, said about one month after the tsunami attack. The waves washed floodwaters up to 2 miles inland at Yala National Park in the ravaged southeast, Sri Lanka's biggest wildlife reserve and

43、 home to hundreds of wild elephants and several leopards.“There has been a lot of apparent evidence about dogs barking or birds migrating before volcanic eruptions or earthquakes. But it has not been proven,” said Matthew van Lierop an animal behavior specialist at Johannesburg Zoo.“There have been

44、no specific studies because you can't really test it in a lab or field setting2,” he told Reuters. Other authorities concurred with this assessment.“Wildlife seem to be able to pick up certain phenomenon, especially birds there are many reports of birds detecting impending disasters,” said Clive

45、 Walker, who has written several books on African wildlife.Animals certainly rely on the known senses such as smell or hearing to avoid danger such as predators.The notion of an animal “sixth sense”-or some other mythical power-is an enduring one3 which the evidence on Sri Lanka's ravaged coast

46、is likely to add to.The Romans saw owls as omens of impending disaster and many ancient cultures viewed elephants as sacred animals endowed with special powers or attributes.5. Singing Alarms Could Save the BlindIf you cannot see, you may not be able to1 find your way out of a burning buildingand th

47、at could be fatal. A company in Leeds could change all that with directional sound alarms capable of guiding you to the exit.Sound Alert, a company run by the University of Leeds, is installing the alarms in a residential home for blind people in Sommerset and a resource center for the blind in Cumb

48、ria.The alarms produce a wide range of frequencies that enable the brain to determine where the sound is coming from.Deborah Withington of Sound Alert says that the alarms use most of the frequencies that can be heard by humans. “It is a burst of white noise that people say sounds like static on the

49、 radio,” she says. “Its life-saving potential is great.”She conducted an experiment in which people were filmed by thermal-imaging cameras trying to find their way out of3 a large smoke-filled room. It took them nearly four minutes to find the door without a sound alarm, but only 15 seconds with one

50、.Withington studies how the brain processes sounds at the university. She says that the source of a wide band of frequencies can be pinpointed more easily than the source of a narrow band. Alarms based on the same concept have already been installed on emergency vehicles.The alarms will also include

51、 rising or falling frequencies to indicate whether people should go up or down stairs. They were developed with the aid of a large grant from British Nuclear Fuels.6. Car Thieves Could Be Stopped RemotelySpeeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catchBut he is in a nasty surp

52、riseThe car is fitted with a remote immobilizer, and a radio signal from a control center miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine off，he will not be able to start it againFor now, such devices are only available for fleets of trucks and specialist vehicles used on co

53、nstruction sitesBut remote immobilization technology could soon start to trickle down to ordinary carsand  should be available to ordinary cars in the UK in two monthsThe idea goes like thisA control box fitted to the car incorporates  a miniature cellphone，a microprocessor

54、and memory, and a GPS satellite positioning receiverIf the  car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the unit to block the vehicles engine management system and prevent the engine being restartedThere are even plans for immobilizers  that shut down vehicles on the move，t

55、hough there are fears over the safety implications of such a systemIn the UKan array of technical fixes is already making life harder for car thieves“The pattern of vehicles crime has changed，”says Martyn Randall of Thatchama security research organization based in Berkshire that is funded in p

56、art by the motor insurance  industryHe says it would only take him a few minutes to  teach a novice how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of toolsBut only if the cal-is more than  10 years oldModern cars are a far tougher proposition，as their engine management computer wi

57、ll not allow them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition keyIn the UK，technologies like this  have helped achieve a 31 per cent drop in vehicle-related crime since 1997 But determined criminals ore still managing to find other ways to steal carsOften

58、by getting hold of the owners keys in a burglaryIn 2000,12 per cent of vehicles stolen in the UK were taken using the owners keys double the previous years figureRemote-controlled immobilization system would  put a major new obstacle in the criminals way by making such thefts pointlessA gr

59、oup that includes Thatcham，the police，insurance companies and security technology firms have developed standards for a system that  could go on the market sooner than the  customer expects7. An intelligent carDriving needs sharp eyes, keen ears, quick brain, and coordination between hands and t