2020-2021学年福建省福州市第一中学高一上学期期末英语试题解析版

1、福建省福州市第一中学2020-2021学年高一上学期期末英语试题一、阅读选择Fat on human beings is distributed(分布)in different ways. Some fat people have a large stomach and no waistline- -which makes them look round, rather like apples. Others are fatter below the waist, which makes them appear pear shaped.There are two types of fat: e

2、xternal fat (fat under the skin) and internal fat (fat inside the body wall). Doctors, who have been examining the relationship between health and fatness, have found that the pears have less internal fat, but the apples have more internal fat than external fat. This seems to be what causes the heal

3、th problems.The best treatment for fatness is to reduce the internal fat. But unfortunately it seems that dieting simply makes an apple shaped person into a smaller apple and a pear-shaped person into a smaller pear. At the moment there is no known way of reducing the internal rather than external f

4、at.1. What is the passage about?A. Ways to lose weight.B. Distribution of fat.C. Peoples body shape.D. Fatness and health.2. Which of the following people is most likely to have health problems?3. When a pear-shaped person becomes thinner, he/she loses moreA. external fat than internal fatB. interna

5、l fat than external fatC. fat above the waistD. fat below the waist试卷第!异常的公式结尾页，总29页9【答案】1. D2. C3. A【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了肥胖的种类及其健康问题。1.主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章介绍了胖人的不同脂肪类别以及与健康 的关系，之后介绍了如何减少脂肪，显然与健康有关，所以本篇文章介绍的应 该是关于脂肪与健康的内容。故选D。2.细在理解题。根据文章第二段“Doctors, who have been examining the relationship between heal

6、th and fatness, have found that the pears have less internal fat, but the 4apples have more mtemal fat than external fat. This seems to be what causes the health problems.（医生们一直在研究健康和肥胖之间的关系,他们发现“梨”的体 内脂肪较少，而“苹果”的体内脂肪多于外部脂肪。这似乎是导致健康问题的原 因。）“可知，苹果型的人容易出现健康问题。四幅图中属于苹果体形的是C项。 故选C3.细行理解题。根据文章最后一段But unf

7、ortunately it seems that dieting simply makes an apple shaped person into a smaller apple and a pear-shaped person into a smaller pear. At the moment there is no known way of reducing the internal rather than external fat.（但不幸的是，.食似乎只会让苹果型身材的人变成小苹果， 让梨型身材的人变成小梨。目前还没有已知的方法来减少体内脂肪而不是外部 脂肪。户可知，减肥所减的是外部

8、脂肪，内部脂肪很难减去。所以梨形身材的 人变瘦时，减掉的外部脂肪多于内部脂肪。故选A。If you ask people to name the one person who had the greatest effect on the English language, you will get answers like Shakespeare/ Samuel Johnsonand “Webster： but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didnt even speak English-Willi

9、am the Conqueror.Before 1066, in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups. In the west central region lived the Welsh, who spoke a Celtic language, and in the north lived the Scots, whose language, though not the same as Welsh, was also Celtic. In the r

10、est of the country lived the Saxons, actually a mixture of Anglos, Saxons, and other Germanic and Nordic peoples, who spoke what we now call Anglo-Saxon （or Old English）, a Germanic language. If this state of affairs had lasted. English today would be close to German.But this state of affairs did no

11、t last. In 1066 the Normans led by William defeated the Saxons and began their mle over England. For about a century, French became the official language of Eng-land while Old English became the language of peasants. As a result, English words of Politics and the law come from French rather than Ger

12、man. In some cases, modern English even shows a distinction （区别） between upper-class French and lower-class Anglo-Saxon in its words. We even have different words for some foods, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked, which shows the fac

13、t that theSaxon peasants were doing the fanning, while the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating.When Americans visit Europe for the first time, they usually find Germany moreHforeign1 than France because the German they see on signs and advertisements seems much more different from Engl

14、ish than French does. Few realize that the English language is actually Germanic in its beginning and that the French influences are all the result of one mans ambition.4. The two major languages spoken in what is now called Great Britain before 1066 wereA.Welsh and ScottishB.Nordic and GermanicC.Ce

15、ltic and Old English.D.Anglo-Saxon and Germanic5. Which of the following groups of words are. by inference, rooted in French?A.president. Lawyer, beefB.president, bread, waterC.bread, field, sheepD.folk, field, cow6. Why does France appear less foreign than Germany to Americans on their first visit

16、to Europe?A. Most advertisements in France appear in English.B. They know little of the history of the English language.C. Many French words are similar to English ones.D. They know French better than German.7. What is the subject discussed in the text?A. The history of Great Britain.B - The similar

17、ity between English and French.C. The rule of England by William the Conqueror.D. The French influences on the English language.【答案】4. C5. A6. C7. D【分析】本文是一篇议论文。如果让你列举那些对应于做出最大贡献的人，你一定会得 到类似莎士比亚，塞缪尔约翰逊这样的答案，但实际上，没有任何人的对英语 的影响力能够超过征服者威廉。在1066年以前，我们现在称为英国的上地上 存在两种主要语言，一种是凯尔特语，另一种是古英语。而后来由于威廉的雄 心，使得古英语

18、成为英国的主要语言，而法语也成为对英语影响颇深的语言。4.细行理解题。根据第二段第二句In the west-central region lived the Welsh, who spoke a Celtic language, and in the north lived the Scots, whose language, though not the same as Welsh, was also Celtic.”在中西地区住着威尔士人，他们说 凯尔特语，在南部居住着苏格兰人，他们的语言不同于威尔士人的语言，但也 是凯尔特语。由此可知一大主要语言为凯尔特语。根据第二段第三句In the

19、 rest of the country lived the Saxons, actually a mixture of Anglos, Saxons, and other Germanic and Nordic peoples, who spoke what we now call Anglo-Saxon (or Old English), a Germanic language. ”在国家的其余地方居住着撒克逊人，他们是英 国人、撒克逊人、德国人、日耳星人的混合，他们讲的语言是英格兰语(即古 英语)。可知另一大分支为古英语。故选C。5.推理判断题。根据第三段中“As a result. E

20、nglish words of politics and die law come from French rather than German：结果导致,英语中关于政治和法律的词来 源于法语而不是德语。“We even have different words for some foods、meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked, which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were d

21、oing the farming, while the upper-class Nonnans were domg most of the eating:我们甚至在食物尤其是 肉食上有不同的词，这取决于它是长在田野里，还是在家煮着吃，事实证明， 撒克逊农民在耕作而上层社会的诺域人在大部分食物上贡献更多。由此可见， 有关政治、法律以及家中煮着的食物最可能来源于法国，故选A。6细 ij理解题。根据第三段第一句When Americans visit Europe for the first time. they usually find Germany more HforeignM than Fr

22、ance because the German they see on signs and advertisements seems much more different from English than French does”当美国人到欧洲旅游时，他们经常发现德语比法语更像外国i吊 以为在德国.他们看见的标签和广告语看起来比法语更与英语不同。所以可知, 许多法语词汇和英语很像。故选C。7. 主旨大意题。文章开篇即抛出问题：谁对英语的影响最大，接着给出答案: 征服者威廉。可见文章即将讨论的问题就是他对英语的影响c接下来，作者介 绍了 1066年以前的英国语言由两大派系组成，而之后由于威廉

23、的雄心，才使 得古英语成为英国的主要语言，而法语也成为对英语影响颇深的语言。故选D。While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.The

24、ir efforts have been proven fmitfuL Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture on February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department a

25、t the China Academy of Art （CAA）. His office is located at the Xiangshan campus（校向）of the university in Hangzhou. Zhejiang Province. Many buildings on the campus are his original creations.The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities. Many visitors were amazed by

26、 the complex architectural space and abundant building types. Tlic curves（曲线）of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view.Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages. He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks

27、 into walls, roofs and con idors. This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements（元素）.Whngs works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions. Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chin

28、ese architecture. said Tadao Ando, the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize.Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums. “That is only evidence that traditions once existed/1 he said.“Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions. They think tradition means old t

29、hings from the past. In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created,H he said.Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions. Many people tend to talk about traditions without kno

30、wing what they really are,H said Wang.The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty, he said.8. Wings winning of the prize means that Cliinese architects are.A. following the latest world trendB. getting international

31、recognitionC. working harder than ever beforeD. relying on foreign architects9. What impressed visitors to the CAA Xiangshan campus most?A. Its hilly environment.B. Its large size.C. Its unique style.D. Its diverse functions.10. What made Wings architectural design a success?A. The mixture of differ

32、ent shapes.B. The balance of East and West.C. The use of popular techniques.D. The harmony of old and new.11. What should we do about Chinese traditions according to Wang?A. Spread them to the world.B. Preserve them at museums.C. Teach them in universities.D. Recreate them in practice.【答案】8. B9. C10

33、. D11. D【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国建筑设计师王渤在其作品中融合中国 传统建筑文化，获得了建筑界的诺贝尔奖一普利策奖，这让中国建筑现在得 到了国际认可。8 .推理判断题。根据文章第二段的内容可知，王谕获得2012年普利策奖，而 普利策奖相当于建筑界的诺贝尔奖，他是第一个获此奖的中国人，故推知中国 建筑现在得到了国际认可。故B项正确。9 .细行理解题。根据文章第四段对CAA校园的描述可知，它的设计风格独特, 与大多数中国大学的校园很不同，许多游客感对复杂的建筑空间和丰富的建筑 类型感到吃惊，故C正确。10 .细节理解题。根据文章第六段1995年普利策奖的获得者Tadao

34、And。的评 语可知，王渤设计的成功之处是把中国传统元素融入现代设计，并保持两者的 和谐，故D正确。11 .推理判断题。根据文章最后一段和倒数第三段中In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created 可知，传统的 研究要与实践相结合，在实践中进行再创造，否则就会是人工的和空的，故D 正确。【点睛】根据事实细正推断合理信息。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息 的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理 题所涉及的内容

35、可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都 是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根 据表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据，推论有理，忠实原 文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片而思考，得出片而结论。此题的第一小题和第四小题为推理判断题。第1题根据第二段第二句可知Wang Shu获得2012年普利策奖，相当于建筑界的诺贝尔奖，再根据第三句他是第 一个获此奖的中国人可知，中国建筑现在得到了国际认可，因得到认可才能获 奖。此题的解题关键时根据原文的两个信息句进行的判断，而ACD原文中没 有提及。“Who made you T-shirt?

36、、A Georgetown University student raised that question. Piertra Rivoli, a professor of business, wanted to find the answer. A few weeks later, she bought a T-shirt and began to follow its path from Texas cotton farms to Chinese factories to charity bin （慈善捐赠箱）.The result is an interesting new book. T

37、he travels of a T-shirt in the Global Economy.Following a T-shirt around the world in a way to make her point more interesting, but it also frees Rivoli from the usual arguments over global trade. She goes, wherever the T-shirt goes, and there are suiprises around every corner In China. Rivoli shows

38、 why a clothing factory, even with its poor conditions, means a step towards a better life for the people who work there. In the colorful used-clothnig markets of Tanzania, she realizes that, “it is only in this final stage of life that the T-sliirt will meet a real market/ where the price of a shir

39、t changes by the hour and is different by its size and even color. Rivolis book is full of memorable people and scenes, like the noise, the bad air and the “muddy sweet smell （泥上香味）of the cotton. She saysHere in the factory; Shanghai smells like Shallowater, Texas.”Rivoli is at her best when making

40、those sorts of unexpected connections. She even finds one between the free traders and those who are against globalization. The chances opened up by trade are huge, she argues, but free markets need the correcting force of politics to keep them in check. True economic progress needs them both.12. Wh

41、at do we learn about Professor Rivoli?A. She used to raise and answer questions.B. She wears a T-shirt wherever she goes.C. She is deeply interested in world travel.D. She wrote a book about world trade.13. What do we know about T-shirts in Tanzania?A. Prices of T-shirts rise and fall frequently.B .

42、 Used T-shirts are hard to sell.C - Cheaper T-shirts are needed.D - Prices of T-shirts are usually reasonable.14. What does die word themunderlined in the last paragraph refer to?A - Free traders.B. Free markets.C. Unexpected connections.D. Chances opened up by trade.15. What would be the best title

43、 for the text?A. What T-shirts Can Do to Help Cotton FarmsB. How Shanghai Smells like TexasC. What T-shirts Can Teach UsD. How Rivoli travels with her T-shirt【答案】12. D13. A14. B15. C【分析】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍T恤衫价格的变动以及变动的原因。一位教授通 过研究发现，一件衬衫的价格会随着时间的变化而变化，所以自由市场也需要 政治力量来约束他们。12.细自理解题。根据文章第一段“The result is ai

44、l interesting new book. Tlie travels of a T-shirt in the Global Economy4研窕结果是一本有趣的新书T恤在全球经 济中的旅行厂和第二段“FoHowing a T-shirt around the world in a way to make her point more interesting, but it also frees Rivoli from the usual arguments over global trade.（在世界各地追随一件T恤是为了让她的观点更有趣，但这也让里 沃利从关于全球贸易的常见争论中解脱出来

45、。厂可知，Rivoli教授写了一本关 于世界贸易的书。故选D。13.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In the colorfill used-clothing markets of Tanzania, she realizes that, it is only m this filial stage of life tliat the T-shirt will meet a real market,” where the price of a shirt changes by the hour and is different by its size and even color.（在坦桑尼亚五

46、颜六色的二手服装市场上，她意识到，“只有在生 命的最后阶段，t恤才会进入真正的市场，”一件t恤的价格每小时都在变化， 而且会因为其大小甚至颜色不同而变化价格。厂可知，T恤衫价格经常会上涨 和下跌。故选A。14.词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段“The chaiices opened up by trade are huge, she argues, but free markets need the correcting force of politics to keep them in check. （她认为，贸易带来的机会是巨大的，但自由市场需要政治的纠正力量来控制 它们。厂可知，这里的the

47、m代指前而的free markets（自由市场）。故选B。15.主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，本文介绍的是T恤衫价格的变动以及变动的 原因，最终得出结论“自由市场需要政治力量来约束它们:所以本文写的是“T 恤可以教给我们什么工故选C。11二、七选五Endangered speciesAn endangered species is a group of animals or plants that could soon become extinct. 16. Many species are nearly extinct and could disappear off the face of

48、the earth very soon if we dont do anything to save them. There are many reasons why species become endangered.Habitat loss is the main factor. And this happens in two ways. When humans move into a new area, the animals habitat is destroyed and there is nowhere for them to live and nothing for them t

49、o eat because humans chop down trees and build houses and farms. 17. Chemicals in rivers and poisons on farms result in the destruction of animals1 homes and food supplies.18, Animals have been brought to the edge of extinction because they are killed for their highly valued meat, fun bones or skin,

50、 or just for sport. Overfishing has resulted in many large sea creatures like whales and sharks becoming endangered species.19, We should take care not to pollute natural areas, and farmers or companies who destroy animal habitats should face severe financial punishment. The public can help out by r

51、efusing to buy any product made from these animals* body parts. Governments can help, too. by making it against the law to hunt.fish or trade in endangered species. They can also provide funding for animal reserves, to protect animals from extinction by breeding more endangered animals, which they l

52、ater release into the wild. 20.A. Our recent measures, however, have helped to improve the situation.B Eventually, all the creatures on the earth will enjoy being together.C. Endangered species are also the result of hunting and fishing.D. Animals1 homes are also destroyed because of pollution.E.Ext

53、inction happens when the last of the species has died out and there will be nomore.F.If we all cooperate and take these steps, we will protect these animals for future generations.GSo what can individuals and governments do to protect endangered species?【答案】16. E17. D18. C19. G20. F【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要

54、介绍了导致物种濒危的几点原因以及个人和政府 为了保护濒危物种应该采取的措施。16.分析第一段内容，结合空格前句“An endangered species is a group of animals or plants that could soon become extinct.（濒危物种是指一组可能很快灭绝的动物 或植物。）”可知，第一段主要讲述了到底什么是濒危物种。E项任xtmction happens when the last of the species has died out and there will be no more.（当物 种中的最后一个消失了，再也没有这个物种了，

55、灭绝就发生了。厂能够承接上 文,介绍了物种的灭绝是如何发生的。故选E项。17.根据段首句Habitat loss is the main factor And tliis happens in two ways.（栖息地 的丧失是主要因素。这通过两种方式发生“可知，本段主要介绍的是动物栖 息地被破坏的两种原因。空格后句“Chemicals m rivers and poisons on farms result in the destruction of animals1 homes and food supplies.（河流中的化学物质 和农场中的毒物会破坏动物的家园和食物供应D项Anima

56、ls，homes are also destroyed because of pollution,（动物的家园也因污染而遭到破坏。厂能够引起下 文，讲的是污染对动物栖息地的破坏。故选D项。18.空格句为本段主旨句。分析段落内容Animals have been brought to the edge of extinction because they are killed for their highly valued meat, fur. bones or skin, or just for sport. Overfishing has resulted in many large sea

57、 creatures like whales and sharks becoming endangered species.”可知，本段主要讲的是人类的过度捕杀是 造成濒危物种的原因之一。C 项“Endangered species are also die result ofhuntmg and fishing.（濒危物种也是狩猎和捕鱼的结果。）”能够概括段落主旨。故选C 项。19.空格句为本段主旨句。空格后句子We should take care not to pollute natural areas, and farmers or companies who destroy anim

58、al habitats should face severe financial punishment.（我们应该注意不要污染自然区域,破坏动物栖息地的农民 或公司应该面临严厉的经济处罚。）”这里介绍的是个人可以为保护濒危物种做 的事情 再根据本段关键句Governments can help. too. by makuig it against the law to hunt, fish or trade in endangered species.（政府也可以通过制定法律规定 捕猎、捕鱼或交易濒危动物是违法行为来保护濒危物种。）由此可知，本段主 要讲的是，作为个人和政府，我们可以做些什么来保护濒危物种。G项“So what can individuals and governments do to protect endangered species?（个人和和政府 能做些什么来保护濒危物种呢？）”能够概括段落主旨。故选G项。20.空格位于段落的最