定语从句(关系代词)

1、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句定 语 从 句1、定语从句及其相关概念、定语从句及其相关概念2、关系代词引导的定语从句、关系代词引导的定语从句3、介词加关系代词引导的定语从句、介词加关系代词引导的定语从句4、关系副词引导的定语从句、关系副词引导的定语从句5、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句6、由、由as引导的定语从句引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句 一、定语从句及相关概念 1、在句中起定语作用，修饰某一名词或代词，或修饰整个主句的从句，叫做定语从句（The Attributive Clause). 3、关系词(Relatives)： 引导定语从

2、句的词，并代替先行词在从句中担任一定的成分。2、先行词（Antecedent)：被定语从句所修饰的词。关系代词引导的定语从句The attributive clause or not?Criteria1、从句是否紧跟在一名词或代词之后。2、关系词是否代先行词，在从句中担任一定的成分。关系代词引导的定语从句Practice: Finish C1 on Page 88 within five minutesThe girl (who is standing there ) is Mary.Relative pronounantecedentThe girl is Mary. / She is st

3、anding there. How to combine two sentences into an attributive clause?How to combine two sentences into an attributive clause?1、找准主句，并确定先行词。2、找准关系词，来代替先行词Practice:The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me.The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me.The boy (The boy (who who sits in front of me ) is Tom.sits

4、 in front of me ) is Tom.The teacher will give us a speech . The teacher will give us a speech . We met the teacher yesterday.We met the teacher yesterday. The teacher (The teacher (whomwhom we we met yesterday )will met yesterday )will give us a speech. give us a speech.Practice:Do you find the pen

5、? I wrote with it just now.Do you find the pen? I wrote with it just now.Do you find the pen Do you find the pen ( (which which I I wrote with just now)?wrote with just now)?Do you find the pen (Do you find the pen (with whichwith which I wrote just now)? I wrote just now)?I still remember the first

6、 day. I still remember the first day. I came to school on the first day.I came to school on the first day.I still remember the first day (I still remember the first day (when when I came to I came to school).school).关系代词引导的定语从句关系词（关系词（Relatives)：关系代词：关系代词 + 关系副词关系副词Relative Pronouns:Relative Adverbs

7、:Which, that, who, whom, whose, asWhen, where, why关系代词引导的定语从句关系词先行词所指关系词在从句中的作用关系代词that人/物主、宾、表which物主、宾、表、定（偶）who人主、宾whom人宾whose人/物定as人/物/事情主、宾、表关系副词when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语关系代词引导的定语从句二、由关系代词引导的定语二、由关系代词引导的定语 从句从句1.先行词和关系代词在从句中担任的语法成分先行词和关系代词在从句中担任的语法成分先行词先行词主语主语宾语宾语/表语表语定语定语人人who, thatwhom (

8、who), thatwhose物物which, that which, that whose, of which2、Introduction to attributive clauses (Page 8)关系代词引导的定语从句Exercises:指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成分：指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成分：1.The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang. ( ) 2.The girl (whom) I met is Lucy. ( )3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom. ( )

9、 4.I like the book (which) you bought yesterday. ( )主语主语宾语宾语定语定语宾语宾语关系代词引导的定语从句6. I like the person to whom you just talked. ( )7. We shall never forget the days (that) we spent together. ( ) 8. We shall never forget the days when we lived together. ( )Exercises:介宾介宾宾语宾语状语状语关系代词引导的定语从句（1）指人的关系代词：）指人

10、的关系代词：who/that(主语主语) who/whom/that（宾语（宾语,可省略）可省略）结论：1、关系代词前有介词，只能用whom指代人,作介词的宾语。2、指人时,更多用who/whom ，that较少用。3、做宾语的关系代词可省略。4、作宾语时，用whom较who正式关系代词引导的定语从句a. 当先行詞是当先行詞是those / she / he / they 等代詞时等代詞时, 关系代詞用关系代詞用who.Those who were late for class raise your hands.He who doesnt go to the Great Wall is not

11、 a true man.关系代词引导的定语从句vThere is a man who wants to see you at the school gate.在以who开头的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复Who is the girl that is crying?关系代词引导的定语从句（2）指物的关系代词：）指物的关系代词：which / that (主语主语 /宾语宾语 ) Do you find the pen with which I wrote just now?These are the trees which/that were planted last year.This recor

12、der （which/that） he is using ismade in Japan. Tips: 1、介词后，关系代词只用which. 2、做宾语可以省略。3、指物时，较多用which，较少that.关系代词引导的定语从句a.先行词为不定代词先行词为不定代词 all, few, little, much, everything， anything，nothing, none, etc。e.g. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen.e.g. I have read all the books (that) you

13、gave me.b.先行词被先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some 等修饰时。等修饰时。关系代词引导的定语从句d. 先行词被先行词被the only，the very，the last 修饰时，用修饰时，用that。c. 先行词先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级。或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级。e.g. This is the best book (that) Ive ever read.e.g. He is the very person (that) I wa

14、nt to see at the present.关系代词引导的定语从句e.先行词同时指人和指物时，用先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。e.g. We talked about the things and persons that we saw then.e.g. Last summer holiday, I went back to my hometown, only to find the neighbours and houses that I used to be familiar with were gone.关系代词引导的定语从句f. 在以which开头的的特殊疑问句时， 为避

15、免重复，用that.g. 主句以there be 开头，先行词指物.Which of the books that were borrowed from the library is yours?There is a seat in the corner that is still free.关系代词引导的定语从句（3 3）whosewhose 在定语从句中作在定语从句中作定语定语，表示引，表示引导词与导词与 whose whose 后的后的名词为所属关系名词为所属关系。whosewhose多指人，也可指物。多指人，也可指物。Do you know the girl Do you know t

16、he girl whosewhose hair is very hair is very short in our class?short in our class? This is the book This is the book whosewhose cover is blue. cover is blue.This is the book This is the book of whichof which the cover is the cover is blue.blue.关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句 e.g.: The headmaster praised the

17、 way (that / in which) he walked.介词加关系代词引导的定语从句三、介词三、介词 + 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句The woman to whom my brother spoke just now is my teacher.Ill never forget the day on which I joined the League.Do you know the reason for which he was late? 介词后的关系代词只能是whom，指人； 或者是which,指物。介词加关系代词引导的定语从句如何决定介词的选择？如何决定介词

18、的选择？方法一：方法一：是看从句部分缺少什么介词是看从句部分缺少什么介词 (习习 惯搭配惯搭配)。方法二：方法二：通过整个句子整体含义来判断通过整个句子整体含义来判断, 结合生活实际来判断。结合生活实际来判断。介词加关系代词引导的定语从句Exercises:1. The speed _which you drive your car mustnt be too high.2.In the park there are many flowers,the colour_ which is bright and nice.3.The little girl is reading a book, _

19、which there are many pictures.4.What were the things_which he was not too sure?atofinabout关系副词引导的定语从句四、关系副词引导的定语从句：四、关系副词引导的定语从句：when, where, whywhen, where, why在从句中做状语在从句中做状语关系副词引导的定语从句whenwhen在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词介词+ + 关系代词（关系代词（whichwhich）”。Ill never forget the day Ill never forget th

20、e day whenwhen I joined I joined the league.the league.on whichwherewhere在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词介词+ + 关系代词（关系代词（whichwhich）”。This is the house This is the house wherewhere I lived two years ago. I lived two years ago.in which关系副词引导的定语从句whywhy在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词介词for+ for+ 关系代

21、词（关系代词（whichwhich）”。Do you know the reason Do you know the reason whywhy she was late. she was late.for which限制性和非限制性定语从句五、限制性定语从句（五、限制性定语从句（Restrictive Clause) Restrictive Clause) 和非限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句(Non-Restrictive Clause)(Non-Restrictive Clause) The man who came here yesterday has come again.My sister, who is twenty, works in a bank.1.指物时，只能用which引导非限制性定语从句，不能用that; 指人时，只能用who/whom 2.which不但指物，还可指代整个主句.限制性和非限制性定语从句e.g. She married John, which was unnatural