云南师范大学学位英语考试

1、云南师范大学学位英语考试作者:日期:专业PAPERONEPARTIVOCABULARY(20minutes,10points)Section A(0.5pointeach)Directions:Inthissectiontherearetensentences,eachwithonewordorphraseunderlined.ChoosetheonefromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandDthatbestkeepsthemeaningofthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEETwithasi

2、nglelinethroughthecenter.1. Outbreaksofteenageviolencehereareconfinedtotechnicalschoolsstudentsfightingmindless.A.restrictedB.confirmedC.relevantD.dedicated2. SomethingclearlydisturbsThaiyouthandparentswhoneedtodosomethingbeforethingsgetworse.A.boostsB.disruptsC.annoysD.stuns3. Theycamefromdifferent

3、backgrounds,butbothresortedtotheuseofhandgunstoresolvetheirproblems.A.objectedtoB.tooktoC.amountedtoD.turnedto4. Childrendonotlearnwhatitistoloseandwillseekviolencetorestraintheirdisappointment.A.releaseB.checkC.eliminateD.restore5. Streeppossessesafragile,fleetingbeautythatallowshertobeasearthyandp

4、lainasshecanbeglamorousandradiant.A.fragmentaryB.permanentC.delicateD.tender6. Facedwithsuchadilemma,thetopexecutiveshadtoweighoneoptionagainstanother.A.scaleB.seekC.balanceD.reject7. Despiteconflictsanddisagreements,thefundamentalsympathiesandsimilaritiesbetweenthetwocountrieswillcontinue.8. Thecar

5、brokedownaboutfivekilometersshortofthedestination,sotheyhadtogoonfoot.A.lackinginB.exceptforC.uptoD.awayfrom9. Kantrevolutionizedphilosophy,questionedestablishedauthoritiesandplacedreasonandfreedomatthecenterofhisthinking.A.foundedB.acceptedC.overthrownD.stereotyped10.Thefreshmenwillbeintroducedtoso

6、memethodsofcopingwithstressanddepression.A.handlingB.executingC.cooperationD.consumingSection B(0.5pointeach)Directions:Inthissectiontherearetensentences.EachsentencehassomethingA.essentialB.intenseC.necessaryD.difficultomitted.ChoosetheonefromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandDthatbestcompleteseachsenten

7、ce.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.11. Ihadexpectedtowintherace,butthingsdidnotthatway.A.breakoutB.workoutC.passoutD.figureout12. Anyoneemployingpeopleandpayingthemafairwage,inmyview,makesa(n)contributiontosociety.A.immenseB.giganticC.largeD.spacious13.

8、Ihavetimetoenjoyfamilyandfriends,activitiessuchasreading,writing,listeningtomusicandplayingsports.A.chaseB.involveC.pursueD.capture14. AndnotoneofthesepleasuresistaxationundertheInternalRevenueCode.A.committedtoB.subjecttoC.attachedtoD.indifferentto15.Middle-agedladiessomehowtendtoweightmoreeasilyev

9、eniftheyarevegetarians.A.putonB.putupC.putforwardD.putaway16.AsChina,reformandopening-uphaveledtosubstantialimprovementoflives.A.inthecaseofB.inthefaceofC.inthenameofD.inthemiddleof17.NiagaraFallsisagreattourist,drawingmillionsofvisitorseveryyear.A.attentionB.attractionC.appointmentD.arrangement18.

10、Themanagerspokehighlyofsuchasloyalty,courageandtruthfulnessshownbyhisemployees.A.virtuesB.featuresC.propertiesD.characteristics19. Someoldpeopledontlikepopsongsbecausetheycanisomuchnoise.A.resistB.sustainC.tolerateD.undergo20. Sincethematterwasextremely,wedealtwithitimmediately.A.toughB.tenseC.urgen

11、tD.instantPART IICLOZETEST(20minutes10points)Directions:Readthepassagethrough.Thengobackandchooseoneitemofsuitableword(s)markedA,B,CorDforeachblankinthepassage.MarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Deathsandinjuriesfrommotor-vehicleaccidentsarereachingepidemicprop

12、ortionsindevelopingcountriesaroundtheworld,accordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization.Trafficaccidentsintheyoungnationsof21amounttoasocialscourge(木曷害 )”,andalltoooftenthevictimsareyoung,educatedAfricans22increasedearningpowerhasenabledthemtobuyamotorcycleoranautomobile.Statistics23_threeLatin-Americancou

13、ntries,Chile,CostaRicaandVenezuela,24that,ASintheUS,trafficaccidentshavebecometheleadingcauseof25amongyoungadults.About250000peoplethroughouttheworldare26intrafficaccidentseachyear,andmorethansevenmillionareinjured.27theUShasthehighestnumberofpeoplekilledintrafficaccidentsof28country（about50000perye

14、ar）,ithasoneofthelowestratesoffatalities（死亡）permotorvehicleorpassengermile,29,intheUStherearesixfatalitiesper100millionpassengermiles,30inKenyaandUgandatherearefrom55to65fatalitiesper10031passengermiles.InIndiathefatalityratepermotorvehicleis10to15timeshigherthanitisintheUS.Inallcountriesthedeathrat

15、efromtrafficaccidentsishigherfor32thanitisforfemales.-Themajorityofdevelopingcountries33ahigherincidenceoftrafficaccidentsinvolvingpedestrians（行人）thanofaccidents34motorvehiclesalone.Amongthecauses,theWHOreports,are35roads,pedestrianignoranceofroadsigns,lackofinstructionintheuseofroadsandheavypedestr

16、ianandbicycletrafficontheroads.To36thegrowingepidemicoftrafficaccidents,theWHOhas37aworldwideepidemiologicalstudyofroadtrafficaccidentsandisencouragingthedevelopmentofpreventiveprogramsIftrafficaccidentsare_38_bymethodssimilartothoseusedagainstthegreatkillingdiseases,theorganizationstates,thepresent

17、epidemicofroaddeathscouldbemadetodisappear39asplague（瘟疫）andsmallpoxhavenowbeen40almosteverywhereintheworld.21A.AmericaB.AsiaC.AfricaD. Europe22A.whoseB.whichC.asD. that23A.againstB.withC.uponD. from24A.remarkB.revealC.involveD. doubt25A.accidentB.jamC.crashD. death26A.killedB.injuredC.woundedD. incl

18、uded27A.NowthatB.ProvidedC.OnceD.Although28A.everyB.someC.anyD.the29A.atlastB.forexampleC.howeverD. inaddition30A.BecauseB.BeforeC.WhereasD. If31A.hundredB.millionC.thousandD. billion32A.inhabitantsB.driversC.malesD. injured33A.possessesB.hadC.hasD. have34A.involvingB.containingC.resultinginD.existi

19、ngin35A.firmB.poorC.goodD.dependent36A.hardenB.studyC.struggleD. combat37A.overtakenB.exploredC.undertakenD. regarded38A.tackledB.recognizedC.shiftedD. threatened39A.suchB.justC.soD. also40A.eliminatedB.knockedC.soughtD.adjustedPART IIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION(60minutes,50points)Directions:Inthispartoft

20、hetest,therearefiveshortpassagesforyoutoread.Readeachpassagecarefully,andhendothequestionsthatfollow.ChoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandDandthenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.PassageOnePengGonglinwasntanimportantman.Helivedinabareconcretehou

21、seinasmallvillageofDengZhuangwherewomenstoopbesidepondstoscrubclothesinbucketsandthemenoftenharvestcropsbyhand.WhenhisricefieldscameupemptylastOctober,Penghadnoinfluenceandlittlecash.The43-year-oldfarmerhadspentalmostallofhisfamilyssavingsandborrowedmoretoleasethelandandbuyseeds.Countyexpertsinthece

22、ntralprovinceofHenantestedtheseedshedplantedanddeterminedthathedbeensoldinferiorgoods.Pengbeggedforfinancialorlegalhelpfromthelocalagriculturalbureauanditscountyseedstation.Hetookwhatremainedofhisfamilysmoneyandtriedtobribetwolocalofficialstointervene.Theyacceptedthemeals,massagesandprostitutes,butt

23、heydidnothinginreturn,accordingtoaletterhelaterwrote.Finally,onMarch29hereturnedtothecountyseedstationtopleadoncemore.MentherebeatPengabouttheheaduntilhewenthome,humiliated.Facingfinancialruin,hecarriedoutonelastactofprotest.Earlythenextmorning,PengGonglinsbodywasfoundhangingattheseedstation.Thestor

24、yofPengslonelysuiciderevealsthepitfallsbeneaththeglossysurfaceofChinasboomingeconomy.OrdinaryChinesewhovebeencheatedordefrauded,especiallyinruralareas,findthemselvestrappedinneo-feudalconditionswithnoprotectionbeyondthemercyofcorruptofficials.OutsidersaresometimesbaffledbytheemphasisChineseleaderspu

25、tonorderandharmony,andtheircrushingresponsetoanysignsofunrest.FromtheturmoilinavillagesuchasDengZhuang,though,itsclearthatthenationsitsuneasilyondeepsocialfaultlines.41. PeoplelikePengGonglin.A.livesimpleandhumblelifeB.trytobribeofficialsC. havenolandandhavetoleasefromothersD. hatetheofficials42. Wh

26、athappenedtotheseedsPengGonglinhadbought?A. Theyweretestedinferior.B. Theywereillegal.C. Theywerecheated.D. Theyweretooexpensive.43. Hebribedlocalofficialshopingthat.A. theymayhelphimgetfinancialcompensationorlegalaidB. theymayacceptthemeals,massagesandprostitutesC. theymayinterferetheaffairD. theym

27、ayofferpleaforhim44. WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTthereasonofPengGonglinssuicide?A. Hewasbeatenbythemenattheseedstationandfelthumiliated.B. Itwashisfinalcryforprotestinthefaceoffinancialruin.C. Thedesperationwasbeyondhispsychologicalendurance.D. Hefearedthathisbribemaybediscovered.45. Pengslone

28、lysuiciderevealsthat.A. theordinarypeopleseizeneo-feudalconditionsB. theordinarypeoplecangetprotectionifthecorruptofficialsignorethemC. therearesocialproblemsunderthefastdevelopingeconomyD. peoplebaffletheemphasisonorderandharmonyPassageTwoComputershavebeentaughttoplaynotonlycheckers,butalsochampion

29、shipchess,whichisafairlyaccurateyardstickformeasuringthecomputersprogressintheabilitytolearnfromexperience.Becausethegamerequireslogicalreasoning,chesswouldseemtobeperfectlysuitedtothecomputer.allaprogrammerhastodoisgivethecomputeraprogramevaluatingtheconsequencesofeverypossibleresponsetoeverypossib

30、lemove,andthecomputerwillwineverytime.Intheorythisisasensibleapproach;inpracticeitisimpossible.Today,apowerfulcomputercananalyze40000movesasecond.Thatisanimpressivespeed.Butthereareanastronomicalnumberofpossiblemovesinchessliterallytrillions.Evenifsuchaprogramwerewritten(andintheoryitcouldbe,givenen

31、oughpeopleandenoughtime),thereisnocomputercapableofholdingthatmuchdata.Therefore,ifthecomputeristocompeteatchampionshiplevels,itmustbeprogrammedtofunctionwithlessthancompletedata.Itmustbeabletolearnfromexperience,tomodifyitsownprogram,todealwitharelativelyunstructuredsituationinaword,tothink“foritse

32、lf.Infact,thiscanbedone.Chess-playingcomputershaveyettodefeatworldchampionchessplayers,butseveralhavebeatenhumanplayersofonlyslightlylowerranks.Thecomputershavehadprogramstocarrythemthroughtheearly,mechanicalstagesoftheirchessgames.Buttheyhavegoneonfromtheretoreasonandlearn,andsometimestowinthegame.

33、Thereareotherproofsthatcomputerscanbeprogrammedtolearn,butthisexampleissufficienttodemonstratethepoint.Granted,winningagameofchessisnotanearthshakingeventevenwhenacomputerdoesit.Buttherearemanyserioushumanproblemswhichbanbefruitfullyapproachedasgames.TheDefenseDepartmentusescomputerstoplaywargamesan

34、dworkoutstrategiesfordealingwithinternationaltensions.Otherproblemsinternationalandinterpersonalrelations,ecologyandeconomics,andtheever-increasingthreatofworldfaminecanperhapsbesolvedbythejointeffortsofhumanbeingsandtrulyintelligentcomputers.46. Thepurposeofcreatingchess-playingcomputersis.A. towin

35、theworldchesschampionB. topavethewayforfurtherintelligentcomputersC. toworkoutstrategiesforinternationalwarsD. tofindanaccurateyardstickformeasuringcomputerprogress47.Today,achess-playingcomputercanbeprogrammedto.A.givetrillionsofresponsesinasecondtoeachpossiblemoveandwinthegameB.functionwithcomplet

36、edataandbeatthebestplayersC. learnfromchess-playingintheearlystageandgoontowinthegameD. evaluateeverypossiblemovebutmayfailtogivetherightresponseeachtime48.Foracomputertothink，itisnecessaryto.A. mangetoprocessasmuchdataaspossibleinasecondB. programitsothatitcanlearnfromitsexperiencesC. prepareitforc

37、hess-playingfirstD. enableittodealwithunstructuredsituations49. TheauthorsattitudetowardstheDefenseDepartmentis_.A.criticalB.unconcernedC.positiveD.negative50. Intheauthorsopinion,.A. winningachessgameisanunimportanteventB. serioushumanproblemsshouldberegardedasplayingagameC. ecologicalproblemsaremo

38、reurgenttobesolvedD. thereishopeformoreintelligentcomputersPassageThreeYouhavetohavelivedinthe1950sand1960stohaveexperiencedagoodeconomy.Intheperiodbetween1950and1970itwastheruleratherthantheexceptionthatanordinaryfamily,withouthighereducation,couldsustainitselfdecentlyontheincomeofasinglebreadwinne

39、r.In1955,whenIwas19andlivinginBrooklyn,N.Y.,myfather,whohadasixth-gradeeducation,maintainedourfamilyoffiveonawageof$82aweekasabookbinder.Mymothertaughtusfairnessandcompassion;myfather,disciplineandenterprise.TheU.S.economyinthoseyearswasgood.Thenwheredidthisgoodeconomygo?Itwasinflatedaway.Thepriceof

40、gold,whichItakeasproxyforthepricesofallgoods,was$35anounceinthoseyears.Itisatroughlytentimesthatpricetoday.Thereisanotheranswer,though:inflationcausedtheentireworkforcetobemovedintohighertaxgroups,thusreducingafter-taxpurchasingpower.Thatis,myfathersbinderyjobin1954paid$82aweek,with$80afterdeduction

41、s;today,at$820perweekthenetwouldbe$662.Toordinarypeople,theeconomydoesntlookverygoodatall.After-taxincomescontinuetodecreaseinpurchasingpower.Thejobsofferedintheemploymentadspayonlyalittlemorethantheminimumwage,maybe$5anhour,which,afterpayrolldeductions,yields$4anhour.Comparethatwithminimum-wagejobs

42、oftheearly1950s,when75centswasworthtodays$7.50beforeandaftertaxes.51. Intheauthorsopinion,agoodeconomy,toordinarypeoplecanbeexpressedintermsof.A.theamountofwageB.after-taxincomeC.theactualpurchasingpowerD.theminimumwageperhour52. Intheperiodbetween1950and1970,.A.therewasnotmuchdifferenceinthelivings

43、tandardsbetweenpeopleofhigherandlowereducationB.anordinaryfamilyoffivewithoutexceptioncouldliveononepersonincomeC.theincomeofanordinaryfamilywasmorethanenoughforbuyingfoodD.foranaveragefamilytheincomewassufficienttosupportallthemembers53.Todayabookbinderswageistentimesthatofthe1950sbutitsincometaxra

44、tehasincreased.A.50timesB.60timesC.70timesD.80times54.TheworseningofabookbinderslivelihoodresultsfromA.hisloweducationandtheamountofwageB.thehigh-taxationandtheincomedeductionsC.thehightaxationandcostoflivingD.thelowwageandhigherprices55. Thepassageimpliesthatwhilethecostoflivingisgettinghigher.A.th

45、evalueoflaboractuallyisshrinkingB.theminimumwagelevelisincreasinglikewiseC.theincometaxrateisrisingalongD.theemploymentadsnaturallyofferahigherminimumwagePassageFourCultureisoneofthemostchallengingelementsoftheinternationalmarketplace.Thissystemoflearnedbehaviorpatternscharacteristicofthemembersofag

46、ivensocietyisconstantlyshapedbyasetofdynamicvariables:language,religion,valuesandattitudes,mannersandcustoms,aesthetics,technology,education,andsocialinstitutions.Tocopewiththissystem,aninternationalmanagerneedsbothfactualandinterpretiveknowledgeofculture.Tosomeextent,thefactualknowledgecanbelearned

47、;itsinterpretationcomesonlythroughexperience.Themostcomplicatedproblemsindealingwiththeculturalenvironmentstemfromthefactthatonecannotlearnculture-onehastoliveit.Twoschoolsofthoughtexistinthebusinessworldonhowtodealwithculturaldiversity.Oneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaround,followingthemodelofPe

48、psiandMcDonalds.Insomecases,globalizationisafactoflife;however,culturaldifferencesarestillfarfromconverging.Theotherschoolproposesthatcompaniesmusttailorbusinessapproachestoindividualcultures.Settinguppoliciesandproceduresineachcountryhasbeencomparedtoanorgantransplant;thecriticalquestioncentersarou

49、ndacceptanceorrejection.Themajorchallengetotheinternationalmanageristomakesurethatrejectionisnotaresultofculturalmyopiaorevenblindness.Fortuneexaminedtheinternationalperformanceofadozenlargecompaniesthatearn20percentormoreoftheirrevenueoverseas.Theinternationallysuccessfulcompaniesallshareanimportan

50、tquality:patience.Theyhavenotrushedintosituationsbutratherbuilttheiroperationscarefullybyfollowingthemostbasicbusinessprinciples.Theseprinciplesaretoknowyouradversary,knowyouraudience,andknowyourcustomer.56. Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?A. Allinternationalmanagerscanlearnculture.B

51、. Businessdiversityisnotnecessary.C. Viewsdifferonhowtotreatcultureinbusinessworld.D. Mostpeopledonotknowforeignculturewell.57. Accordingtotheauthor,themodelofPepsi.A. isinlinewiththetheoriesoftheschooladvocatingthebusinessisbusinesstheworldaroundB.isdifferentfromthemodelofMcDonaldsC. showstherevers

52、eofglobalizationD. hasconvergedculturaldifferences58.Thetwoschoolsofthought.A. bothproposethatcompaniesshouldtailorbusinessapproachestoindividualculturesB. bothadvocatethatdifferentpoliciesbesetupindifferentcountriesC. admittheexistenceofculturaldiversityinbusinessworldD.BothAandB59. Thisarticleissu

53、pposedtobemostusefulforthose.A. whoareinterestedinresearchingthetopicofculturaldiversityB. whohaveconnectionstomorethanonetypeofcultureC. whowanttotravelabroadD. whowanttorunbusinessonInternationalScale60. AccordingtoFortune,successfulinternationalcompanies.A. earn20percentormoreoftheirrevenueoverse

54、asB. allhavethequalityofpatienceC. willfollowtheoverseaslocalculturesD. adoptthepolicyofinternationalizationPassageFiveWhenonelooksbackuponthefifteenhundredyearsthatarethelifespanoftheEnglishlanguage,heshouldbeabletonoticeanumberofsignificanttruths.Thehistoryofourlanguagehasalwaysbeenahistoryofconst

55、antchangeattimesaslow,almostimperceptiblechange,atothertimesaviolentcollisionbetweentwolanguages.Ourlanguagehasalwaysbeenalivinggrowingorganism,ithasneverbeenstatic.Anothersignificanttruththatemergesfromsuchastudyisthatlanguageatalltimeshasbeenthepossessionnotofoneclassorgroupbutofmany.Atoneextremei

56、thasbeenthepropertyofthecommon,ignorantfolk,whohaveuseditinthedailybusinessoftheirliving,muchastheyhaveusedtheiranimalsorthekitchenpotsandpans.Attheotherextremeithasbeenthetreasureofthosewhohaverespecteditasaninstrumentandasignofcivilization,andwhohavestruggledbywritingitdowntogiveitsomepermanence,o

57、rder,dignity,andifpossible,alittlebeauty.Asweconsiderourchanginglanguage,weshouldnoteheretwodevelopmentsthatareofspecialandimmediateimportancetous.OneisthatsincethetimeoftheAnglo-Saxonstherehasbeenanalmostcompletereversalofthedifferentdevicesforshowingtherelationshipofwordsinasentence.Anglo-Saxon(ol

58、dEnglish)wasalanguageofmanyinflections.ModernEnglishhasfewinflections.Wemustnowdependlargelyonwordorderandfunctionwordstoconveythemeaningsthattheolderlanguagedidbymeansofchangesintheformsofwords.Functionwords,youshouldunderstand,arewordssuchasprepositions,conjunctions,andafewothersthatareusedprimari

59、lytoshowrelationshipsamongotherwords.Afewinflections,however,havesurvived.Andwhensomewordinflectionscomeintoconflictwithwordorder,theremaybetroublefortheusersofthelanguage,asweshallseelaterwhenweturnourattentiontosuchmatersasWHOorWHOMandMEorI.Thesecondfactwemustconsideristhataslanguageitselfchanges,

60、ourattitudestowardlanguageformschangealso.Theeighteenthcentury,forexample,producedfromvarioussourcesatendencytofixthelanguageintopatternsnotalwayssetinandgrew,untilatthepresenttimethereisastrongtendencytorestudyandre-evaluatelanguagepracticesintermsofthewaysinwhichpeoplespeakandwrite.61. Incontrastt