汽车构造英文翻译

1、CHAPTER 1 AUTOMOTIVE BASICS1.1 Principal Components 主要构成零部件Todays average car contains more than 15,000 separate, individual parts that must work together. These parts can grouped into four major categories: engine, body, chassis and electrical equipment. 现在，一般汽车由大约一万五千多个独立的零部件组成。这些部件分为四大类，即发动机引擎系统，

2、车身，底盘和电气设备。1.2 Engine 发动机/引擎系统The engine acts as the power unit. The internal combustion engine is most common: this obtains its power by burning a liquid fuel inside the engine cylinder. There are two types of engine :gasoline(also called a spark-ignition engine) and diesel(also called a compressio

3、n-ignition engine).Both engines are called heat engines; the burning fuel generates heat which causes the gas inside the cylinder to increase its pressure and supply power to rotate a shaft connected to the transmission.文档来自于网络搜索引擎的作用是动力产生的部件。内燃机引擎最为常见。引擎通过燃烧其汽缸内的液体汽油来获得能量将汽油的能量转化为动能来驱动汽车。引擎分为汽油火花引燃

4、式发动机和柴油压燃式发动机。 这两类发动机都被称为热力机。燃烧的汽油产生热量，促使汽缸内的气体气压增强，从而提供能量以旋转启动传输轴。1.3 Body 车身An automobile body is a sheet metal shell with windows, doors, a hood, and a trunk deck built into it. It provides a protective covering for the engine, passengers, and cargo. The body is designed to keep passengers safe a

5、nd comfortable. The body styling provides an attractive, colorful, modern appearance for the vehicle.汽车车身是由金属薄片壳、车窗、车门、发动机罩和行李舱盖等共同构成。车身为发动机，乘客和货物提供了一个防护罩。车身的设计应该遵循保证乘客平安和舒适的原那么。车身的风格使汽车具有了引人注目、彩色的，现代的外立面。1.4 Chassis 底盘The chassis is an assembly of those systems that are the major operating part of

6、a vehicle. The chassis includes the transmission, suspension, steering, and brake systems.底盘由汽车的主要操作系统组装而成。包括传动系、行驶系、转向系和制动系四局部。Transmission systems conveys the drive to the wheels. The main components are clutch, gearbox, driveshaft, final drive, and differential.传动系-将驱动力传递到车轮。主要组成部件是离合器、变速箱、传动轴、主减

7、速器和差速器。Suspension absorbs the road shocks.悬挂系-吸收路面震动。Steering controls the direction of the movement.转向系-控制汽车的行驶方向。Brake slows down the vehicle.制动系-使汽车减速缓行。1.5 Electrical Equipment 电气设备The electrical system supplies electricity for the ignition, horn, lights, heater, and starter. The electricity lev

8、el is maintained by a charging circuit. This circuit consists of the battery, alternator (or generator). The battery stores electricity. The alternator changes the engines mechanical energy into electrical energy and recharges the battery.电系统为点火，喇叭，灯光，发热器和起动器提供电。通过循环充电来维持电量。这条电路由电池，交流发电机(或者发电机)组成。蓄电

9、池储存电。交流发电机把发动机的机械能换成电能并给电池再充电Review Questions1. List the main parts of an automobile?2. What are the common types of a vehicle according to body styling?3. Which systems does a chassis include and what are the main functions of the chassis?4. Why are suspension systems used on vehicles?CHAPTER2 INTE

10、RNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE 内燃发动机2.1 principle of operation 发动机的工作原理/操作原理 Engine and power 发动机与能量 Engine is used to produce power. 发动机产生动能。The chemical energy in fuel is converted to heat by the burning of the fuel at a controlled rate. This process is called combustion. If engine combustion occurs with

11、the power chamber, the engine is called internal combustion engine. If combustion takes place outside the cylinder, the engine is called an external combustion engine. 汽油燃料通过受控速度的燃烧讲自身的化学能转化为热能。这个过程称作燃烧。如果发动机的内燃在燃料室中发上，发动机被称作内燃发动机。如果内燃发生在汽缸外，发动机那么被称作外燃发动机。文档来自于网络搜索 Engine used in automobiles are int

12、ernal combustion heat engines. 汽车的发动机是内燃发动机。Heat energy released in the combustion chamber raises the temperature of the combustion gases with the chamber. The increase in gas temperature causes the pressure of the gases to increase. The pressure developed within the combustion chamber is applied to

13、 the head of a piston to produce a usable mechanical force, which is then converted into useful mechanical power. 燃烧汽缸中释放的热能将汽缸内的内燃其他温度升高。气体温度的升高导致其他压强增大。汽缸内的压强不断产生以用于活塞头产生可用的机械动力，随后转变成为有用的机械动能。文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习 Engine Terms 发动机术语 Linking the piston by a connecting rod to a crankshaft causes the gas t

14、o rotate the shaft through half a turn. 连动杆将汽缸活塞与机轴联接起来，这种连接促使气体The power stroke “uses up the gas, so means must be provided to expel the burnt gas and recharge the cylinder with a fresh petrol-air mixture :this control of gas movement is the duty of the valves ;an inlet valve allows the new mixture

15、 to enter at the right time and an exhaust valve lets out the burnt gas after the gas has done its job. Engine terms are : TDC(Top Dead Center):the position of the crank and piston when the piston is farther away from the crankshaft. 上止点 BDC(Bottom Dead Center):the position of the crank and piston w

16、hen the piston is nearest to the crankshaft. 下止点 Stroke : the distance between BDC and TDC; stroke is controlled by the crankshaft. 冲程 Bore : the internal diameter of the cylinder. 内孔汽缸的内直径 Swept volume : the volume between TDC and BDC. 活塞排量 Engine capacity : this is the swept volume of all the cyli

17、nder e.g. a four-stroke having a capacity of two liters(2000cm) has a cylinder swept volume of 50cm. 发动机容积 Clearance volume: the volume of the space above the piston when it is at TDC. 汽缸余隙容积 Compression ratio = (swept vol + clearance vol)(clearance vol) 压缩率 Two-stroke : a power stroke every revolut

18、ion of the crank. 二冲程曲柄旋转一圈作功一次。 Four-stroke : a power stroke every other revolution of the crank.四冲程-曲柄旋转两圈作功一次。2.1.3 The Four-stroke Spark-ignition Engine Cycle The spark-ignition engine is an internal-combustion engine with externally supplied in ignition, which converts the energy contained in t

19、he fuel to kinetic energy. 发动机火花点火是内燃机外部提供点火，动能燃料中的能量转换。 The cycle of operations is spread over four piston strokes. To complete the full cycle it takes two revolutions of the crankshaft. 遍布四个活塞冲程周期操作。以完成整个周期，它需要两个转曲轴。The operating strokes are : This stroke introduces a mixture of atomized gasoline

20、and air into the cylinder. The stroke starts when the piston moves downward from a position near the top of the cylinder. As the piston moves downward, a vacuum, or low-pressure area, is created. 这种风引入雾化的汽油和空气进入气缸的混合。开始时，活塞向下移动从汽缸顶部附近的位置。作为活塞向下移动，真空或低压区。During the intake stroke, one of the ports is

21、opened by moving the inlet valve. The exhaust valve remains tightly closed.在进气冲程，是通过移动进气阀翻开。排气阀门仍然紧闭。Compression stroke压缩行程As the piston moves upward to compress the fuel mixture trapped in the cylinder, the valves are closed tightly. This compression action heats the air/fuel mixture slightly and c

22、onfines it within a small area called the combustion chamber. 当活塞向上移动压缩燃料混合物，阀门闭得紧紧的。这种压缩动作稍微加热空气/燃料混合物和局限在小范围内被称为燃烧室。Power stroke动力冲程Just before the piston reaches the top of its compression stroke, an electrical spark is introduced from a spark plug screwed into the cylinder head.The spark ignites

23、 the compressed, heated mixture of fuel and air in the combustion chamber to cause rapid burning. The burning fuel produces intense heat that causes rapid expansion of the gases compressed within the cylinder. This pressure forces the piston downward. The downward stroke turns the crankshaft with gr

24、eat force. 就在活塞到达其压缩冲程，电火花引进火花塞旋入气缸中。火花点燃燃烧室压缩，加热燃料和空气混合物导致迅速燃烧。燃料燃烧产生强烈的热，导致迅速扩张汽缸内的压缩气体。这种压力迫使活塞向下个人收集整理 勿做商业用途Exhaust stroke排气冲程Just before the bottom of the power stroke, the exhaust valve opens. This allows the piston, as it moves upward, to push the hot, burned gases out through the open exhaust valve.Then, just before the piston reaches its highest point, the exhaust valve closes and the inlet valve o