英语动词时态

1、动词时态动词时态英语各种时态的构成表英语各种时态的构成表 一、谓语动词八种时态的思一、谓语动词八种时态的思 维导图维导图 二、谓语动词八种时态、时二、谓语动词八种时态、时段一览表段一览表 三、谓语动词八种时态的划三、谓语动词八种时态的划分图分图 四、谓语动词八种时态的划四、谓语动词八种时态的划分图分图1. 一般现在时一般现在时bb动词动词be一般现在时一般现在时amI am .ishe/she/it is .arewe/you/they are .动词第三人称动词第三人称单数变化单数变化+swrite writes+esgo goeswash washeswatch watchesfix fi

2、xes变变y为为i+esstudy studies辅音字母辅音字母+y结尾的词结尾的词特殊变化特殊变化have has闪闪记记基本用法基本用法1 1）表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。Mike is very happy now.Mike is very happy now.2 2）表示经常性、习惯性的动作。表示经常性、习惯性的动作。He always plays basketball.He always plays basketball.3 3）表示普遍真理和特征。表示普遍真理和特征。The earth moves around the sun.Th

3、e earth moves around the sun.4 4）表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。The meeting begins at eight oclock.The meeting begins at eight oclock.5 5）在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。Ill call you as soon as I get to Beijing.Ill call you as soon as I get to Beijing.例题1Jason and Thomas _ brothers. T

4、hey study at the same school. A. be B. amC. isD. areare解题思路Jason and Thomas主语是第三人称复数主语是第三人称复数关键词关键词study对时态的判断对时态的判断例题2 Can your father drive? Yes, and he usually _ me to school.A. droveB. is driving C. drives D. has drivendrives解题思路解题思路解题思路关键词关键词canusually关关键词键词判断为一般现在时判断为一般现在时小结概念：概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为

5、及现在的某种状况。经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。时间状语：时间状语：often, usually, always, sometimes, every often, usually, always, sometimes, every week (day, year, month .), once a week, on Sundays, week (day, year, month .), once a week, on Sundays, etc. etc. 基本结构：基本结构：bebe动词；动词；行为动词行为动词否定形式：否定形式： am amis isare are notnot

6、；此时态的谓语动词若此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加为行为动词，则在其前加dontdont，如主语为第三人称单数，如主语为第三人称单数，则用则用doesntdoesnt，同时还原行为动词。，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：一般疑问句：把把bebe动词放于句首；动词放于句首；用助动词用助动词dodo提问，如提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用主语为第三人称单数，则用doesdoes，同时，还原行为动词。，同时，还原行为动词。2. 一般过去时一般过去时重读闭音节，双重读闭音节，双写辅音字母加写辅音字母加ed行为动词行为动词的过去式的过去式carry carriedlike likedstop s

7、toppedwork worked以以e结尾，结尾，直接加直接加d辅音字母加辅音字母加y，变变y为为i，加，加ed直接在词直接在词尾加尾加ed动动词词be的的过过去去式式变变化化am wasis wasare were闪记：闪记：基本用法基本用法1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。Where did you go yesterday?2）表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作。表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作。Did he often go swimming last summer?3）表示主语过去的特征或性格。表示主语过去的特征或性格。Her Eng

8、lish was very good at that time.4）在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般过去时代替过在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般过去时代替过 去将来时。去将来时。He said he would call me as soon as he arrived in Shanghai.例题1 When _ your mother _ you that blue dress, Mary? Sorry, I really cant remember.A. does; buy B. has; bought C. had; bought D. did; buydid buy 解题思路解题思路看答

9、句看答句不记得什么时候不记得什么时候Sorry, I really cant remember.判断为过去时态判断为过去时态连衣裙已经买过了连衣裙已经买过了看问句看问句例题2 Nancy is not coming to the party tonight. But she _ me shed love to.A. tellsB. toldC. had told D. is tellingtold解题思路解题思路看答句看答句shed love to.d是是would的缩写的缩写判断为宾语从句判断为宾语从句判断为一般过去时判断为一般过去时因为从句是过去式，所以主句用相应的过去范畴时态因为从句是过

10、去式，所以主句用相应的过去范畴时态小结概念：概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。常性的动作、行为。时间状语：时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week (year, night, month .), in 1989, just now, at last week (year, night, month .), in 1989, just now, at the a

11、ge of 5, one day, long the age of 5, one day, long longlong ago, once upon a ago, once upon a time, etc. time, etc. 基本结构：基本结构：bebe动词；动词；行为动词行为动词否定形式：否定形式： was waswerewerenotnot；在行为动词前加在行为动词前加didntdidnt，同时还原行为动词。，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：一般疑问句：waswas或或werewere放在句首；放在句首；用助动词用助动词dodo的过去的过去式式diddid提问，同时还原行为动词。提问，

12、同时还原行为动词。3. 一般将来时一般将来时闪记：闪记：一般将来时一般将来时的构成的构成否定句否定句肯定句肯定句一般疑问句一般疑问句特殊疑问句特殊疑问句Will/Shall +主主语语+动词原形动词原形主语主语+will/shall +not+动词原形动词原形+ .主语主语+will/shall +动词原形动词原形+.疑问词疑问词+一般一般疑问句？疑问句？基本用法基本用法1）表示在将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在表示在将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在 的状态，一般会与表示将来的时间状语连用。的状态，一般会与表示将来的时间状语连用。We will go to see the film tomorro

13、w.2）用在一些主从复合句中。用在一些主从复合句中。Ill call you as soon as I get there.例题1There _ a talk show on CCTV-1 at night this evening.A. will haveB. is going to beC. is havingD. will be haveB解题思路解题思路this evening判断为判断为将来时态将来时态there is gong to be关键词关键词例题2 Please give this note to John. OK. Ill give it to him as soon a

14、s he _.A. is coming backB. will come backC. comes backD. come backC解题思路解题思路as soon as状语从句状语从句主将，从主将，从现现comes back关键词关键词小结概念：概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。备做某事。时间状语：时间状语：tomorrow, next day (week, month, year .), tomorrow, next day (week, month, year .), soon, in a few minutes,

15、 by ., the day after tomorrow, soon, in a few minutes, by ., the day after tomorrow, etc. etc. 基本结构：基本结构：amamis isarearegoing to going to dodo；willwillshallshalldo do 否定形式：否定形式：amamis isare are notnotgoing to going to dodo； will willshallshallnotnotdodo一般疑问句：一般疑问句：bebe放于句首；放于句首； will willshallshall提

16、到句首提到句首4. 现在进行时现在进行时闪记：闪记：现在进行时现在进行时的构成的构成否定句否定句肯定句肯定句一般疑问句一般疑问句特殊疑问句特殊疑问句Be (Is/Are)+主主语语+现在分词现在分词主语主语+be (am, is, are)+not+现在分现在分词词+.主语主语+be(am, is, are)+现在分词现在分词+.疑问词疑问词+一般疑一般疑问句？问句？基本用法基本用法1）表示说话时正在进行的动作。表示说话时正在进行的动作。Listen! She is singing a song.2）表示现阶段的正在进行的动作。表示现阶段的正在进行的动作。What are you doing

17、these days?例题1Dont turn on the TV. Grandma _ now.A. is sleepingB. will sleepC. sleptD. sleepsA解题思路解题思路now判断为现在进行时判断为现在进行时关键词关键词例题2 Where is Mike? He asked me to go out for a walk this evening. Maybe he _ TV in the living room now.A. watched B. will watch C. is watching D. watchesC解题思路解题思路关键词、句关键词、句n

18、owWhere is Mike?判断为现在进行时判断为现在进行时小结概念：概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。时间状语：时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc. now, at this time, these days, etc. 基本结构：基本结构：amamis isare are doingdoing否定形式：否定形式：amamis isare are notnotdoingdoing一般疑问句：一般疑问句：把把bebe动词放在句首动词放在句首5. 现在完成时现在完成时闪记：闪记：现在完成时现在完成

19、时的构成的构成否定句否定句肯定句肯定句一般疑问句一般疑问句特殊疑问句特殊疑问句Have/Has+主主语语+过去分词过去分词主语主语+have/has +not+过去分词过去分词+.主语主语+have/has+过过去分词去分词+.疑问词疑问词+一般一般疑问句？疑问句？基本用法基本用法1）表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或 结果，或说话时已完成的动作。结果，或说话时已完成的动作。I have finished my homework.2）表示从过去开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，表示从过去开始，持续到现在的动作或状态， 往往和往往和“for .”，“since

20、.”表述的一段表述的一段 时间状语连用。时间状语连用。He has learnt English for six years.She has studied playing piano since 2006.例题1 Hello! Can I speak to Alice? Sorry. She isnt here right now. She _ to the shop.A. goesB. will goC. has gone D. was goingC解题思路解题思路关键词关键词She isnt here right now.当事人不在，用当事人不在，用have/has gone例题2Mr.

21、 Brown and his family have _ New York for a few weeks.A. been inB. workedC. gone toD. left forA解题思路解题思路关键词关键词been in与表示一段时间的状语连用与表示一段时间的状语连用for a few weeks例题3 He _ the English-Chinese dictionary for about twenty years, but it is still new. What a careful man!A. has boughtB. has borrowedC. has hadD.

22、borrowedC解题思路解题思路关键词关键词buy，borrow为短暂性动词，不能为短暂性动词，不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，排除答案排除答案A、B、Dfor about twenty years小结概念：概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语：时间状语：recently, lately, since., for., in the past few recently, lately, since., fo

23、r., in the past few years, etc. years, etc. 基本结构：基本结构：havehavehas has donedone否定形式：否定形式：havehavehas has notnotdonedone一般疑问句：一般疑问句：havehavehashas放于句首放于句首6. 过去进行时过去进行时闪记：闪记：过去进行时过去进行时的构成的构成否定句否定句肯定句肯定句一般疑问句一般疑问句特殊疑问句特殊疑问句Be+主语主语+现现在分词在分词主语主语+ be (was/ were) +not+现现在分词在分词+.主语主语+ be +现在现在分词分词+.疑问词疑问词+一般

24、一般疑问句？疑问句？基本用法基本用法1）表示过去某个时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作。表示过去某个时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作。He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.2）与表示过去的时间状语从句连用。与表示过去的时间状语从句连用。They were still working when I left.例题1 Did you see a girl in while pass by just now? No, sir. I _ a newspaper.A. Read B. was readingC. would read D. am readin

25、gB解题思路解题思路关键词关键词just now判定为过去范畴的判定为过去范畴的时态，排除时态，排除A、D根据题意应是刚才正在做什么根据题意应是刚才正在做什么例题2 Were you at home at 9 oclock last night? Yes, I _ a shower at that time.A. Took B. was takingC. was taken D. am takingB解题思路解题思路关键词关键词at 9 oclock last nightat that time可以判定用过可以判定用过去进行时去进行时小结概念：概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行

26、为表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。或动作。时间状语：时间状语：at this time yesterdayat this time yesterday，at that timeat that time或以或以whenwhen引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。基本结构：基本结构：waswaswere were doingdoing否定形式：否定形式：waswaswere were notnotdoingdoing一般疑问句：一般疑问句：把把waswas或或werewere放在句首放在句首7. 过去完成时过去完成时闪记：闪记：过去

27、完成时过去完成时的构成的构成否定句否定句肯定句肯定句一般疑问句一般疑问句特殊疑问句特殊疑问句Had+主语主语+过过去分词去分词主语主语 + had + not +过去分词过去分词+.主语主语+ had +过过去分词去分词+.疑问词疑问词+一般一般疑问句？疑问句？基本用法基本用法1）表示过去某一时刻之前的动作或状态。表示过去某一时刻之前的动作或状态。By the end of last term, I had learnt more than 2,000 English words.2）表示过去某一时段时间内或从过去某一特定表示过去某一时段时间内或从过去某一特定 时刻开始并一直延续到过去的另一时

28、刻的动作。时刻开始并一直延续到过去的另一时刻的动作。I had been a teacher for 10 years before I came here.例题1By the end of last year, we _ more than 2,000 words.A. learntB. have learntC. had learntD. learnC解题思路解题思路关键词关键词判断用过去完成时态判断用过去完成时态By the end of last year小结概念：概念：以过去某一时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为以过去某一时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成

29、的行为，即，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去过去的过去”。时间状语：时间状语：before, by the end of last year (term, month before, by the end of last year (term, month .), etc. .), etc. 基本结构：基本结构：had had donedone否定形式：否定形式：had had notnotdonedone一般疑问句：一般疑问句：hadhad放于句首放于句首8. 过去将来时过去将来时闪记：闪记：过去将来时过去将来时的构成的构成否定句否定句肯定句肯定句一般疑问句一般疑问句特殊疑问句特

30、殊疑问句Would/Should+主语主语+动动原原.主语主语+would/ should + not +动词原形动词原形+.主语主语+would/ should+动原动原+.疑问词疑问词+一般一般疑问句？疑问句？基本用法基本用法1）表示过去习惯性的动作或者存在的状态。表示过去习惯性的动作或者存在的状态。Every day, Mrs. Wang would go and talk with her students.2）用于间接引语及宾语从句中。用于间接引语及宾语从句中。I didnt know if she would come.例题1I wondered _.A. when will th

31、e meeting end B. when the meeting will endC. when would the meeting endD. when the meeting would endD解题思路解题思路I wondered关键词关键词宾语从句宾语从句排除答案排除答案A、C从句用陈述句语序从句用陈述句语序判定从句用过判定从句用过去范畴的时态去范畴的时态I wondered小结概念：概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。句中。时间状语：时间状语：the next day (morning, year .), the

32、following the next day (morning, year .), the following month (week .), etc. month (week .), etc. 基本结构：基本结构：waswaswereweregoing to going to dodo； would wouldshould should dodo否定形式：否定形式：waswaswerewerenotnotgoing to going to dodo；wouldwouldshould should notnotdodo一般疑问句：一般疑问句：waswas或或werewere放于句首；放于句首；

33、wouldwouldshouldshould提提到句首到句首 五、谓语动词八种时态、语五、谓语动词八种时态、语态和几种变化形式态和几种变化形式do/doesam/is/are donedid/-edwas/were donewill dowill be doneam/is/are doingam/is/are being donehave/has donehave/has been donewas/were doingwas/were being donehad donehad been donewould dowould be donedo; not do; to do; not to do

34、do; dont dodoingdoingdone 六、下面我们试着做做以下六、下面我们试着做做以下的试题的试题1. Look. Mary _ a nice dog. She _ it just now.A. has drawn, drew B. drew, has drawnB. C. is drawing, drew D. is drawing, has drawn【解析解析】在在“Look”、“Its evening”、“Where is sb. ?”等句子后面，可能要用等句子后面，可能要用“现在进行时现在进行时”，也有可能要用，也有可能要用“现在完成时现在完成时”。要根据具体情况来具体

35、分析，考虑问题。要根据具体情况来具体分析，考虑问题一定要从整体情况着眼。本题后半句一定要从整体情况着眼。本题后半句“just now”意为意为“刚才刚才”，很明显要用，很明显要用“一般过去时一般过去时”，因此前句如用，因此前句如用“现在进行时现在进行时”就不妥，造成句意逻辑上的错误。前句用就不妥，造成句意逻辑上的错误。前句用“现在完成时现在完成时”才对。才对。所以本题答案应为所以本题答案应为“A”。2. This kind of fridge _ very well. A. sell B. sells C. are sold D. is sold【解析解析】在英语中，表达某物销路不错，要用表示在英语中，表达某物销路不错，要用表示“特点特点”的的“一般现在时一般现在时”的主动形式，而不能用的主动形式，而不能用“被卖被卖”这种被动这种被动语态形式来表示。由于本句主语语态形式来表示。由于本句主语“this kind of fridge”是单数是单数第三人称，所以第三人称，所以本题答案应该选本题答案应该选“B”。3. What _ Mr. Smith? He looks worried so