最新人教版八年级英语上册期末复习知识点总结.

1、Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?Activities ：（写出动词过去式）go on vacation 去度假 be on vacation 度假stay at home 待在家里go to the mountains 去爬山go to the beach 去海滩visit museums 参观博物馆go to summer camp 去参观夏令营quite a few 相当多study for 为而学习go out 出去most of the time 大部分时间taste good 尝起来很好吃have a good time 玩得高兴of cours

2、e 当然feel like 给的感觉；感受到 feel like doing sthgo shopping 去购物in the past 在过去walk around 四处走走because of 因为one bowl of一碗the next day 第二天drink tea 喝茶find out 找出；查明go on 继续take photos 照相something important 重要的事up and down 上上下下come up 出来不定代词有 all, each, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, mu

3、ch, other, another, some, any, no, (a) few, (a) little, both, enough, every 等，以及由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词 (即 somebody, anyone, nothing 等 )。在这些不定代词中， 多数都能作主语、 宾语、表语或定语， 但是代词 none 以及由 some, any,no 和 every 构成的合成代词只能作主语、宾语或表语，不能作定语，而no 和 every 则只用作定语。复合不定代词：由some， any， no， every 加上 -body,-one,-thi

4、ng 构成的不定代词，叫做复合不定代词。somebody = someone某人something某物，某事anybody = anyone 任何人anything 什么事物，任何事物，无论什么事物nobody = no one 没有人，不重要的人nothing 没有东西，什么也没有; 不重要的人或事everybody = everyone 每人 ,人人 ,所有人everything 每一个事物，一切词组： for nothing(徒劳，没有好结果，免费) ， nothing but(仅仅，只不过) ，It s nothing. ( 不用谢，不必在意（ 1）复合不定代词只相当于名词)anybo

5、dy else(别人 ),在句子中作主语、宾语和表语，而不能作定语。Everything is made of elements.任何东西都是元素构成的。（作主语）I have nothing to say toady.我今天没什么可讲的。 （作宾语）Thats nothing.没什么。（作表语）（ 2）作主语时，谓语动词用单数。（ 3）代替与 -thing 构成的复合不定代词， 用 it ；代替与 -body, -one 构成的复合不定代词， 一般用 they ，在正式文体中可用 he 。如： Everyone knows whatthey haveto do,dont they？Every

6、one knows whathe hasto do,doesn t he ? 每个人都知道他必须做什么，不是吗？（ 2）something 和 anything 的区别与 some 和 any 的区别一样，前者一般用于肯定句，后者一般用于否定句、疑问句 或条件状语从句 中。I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事情要告诉你。（肯定句）Someone is asking to see you.有人要见你。（肯定句）Has anything happened ？出什么事了吗？（疑问句）We cant decide anything now.我们现

7、在不能作什么决定。（否定句）If you want anything, call me. 你要是需要什么可以给我打电话。 （条件状语从句）（ 3）复合不定代词被定语所修饰时，形容词 或不定式等 其他定语则须放在它们的后面。There isnothingwrong with the machine.这机器没出什么毛病。 （形容词）This is something special.这是种特别的东西。（形容词）Is thereanythingimportantin todays newspaper?今天报纸上有什么重要消息吗？（形容词）Do you want anythingto drink?你想

8、喝点什么吗？If there isanythingI can do for you, please tell me.如果有什么我能帮你的，请告诉我。除与 -thing构成的复合不定代词外，即everyone、 everybody、 someone， somebody都有所有格形式；当其后有 else时，s要加在 else后面。如： That must besomebody else s coat; it isntmine. 那一定是别人的外衣，不是我的。 everyone=everybody, anyone=anybody,只指人，不能与 of 短语连用； every one, anyone

9、可指人也可指物，一定要与of连用才可以。 如： Is anybody here?有人吗？You can takeany one of these.你可以随便拿一个。与 some-， any- 构成的复合不定代词的用法与some, any的用法相同。与any- 构成的复合不定代词一般用于 否定句或疑问句 中， not any- 构成完全否定 ，但没有 any- not的说法；与some- 构成的复合不定代词用于肯定句 、预料作肯定回答的疑问句、建议或请求的疑问句中【巧记复合代词分合】：分合皆能单独用，后加of 合不成。【巧学不定代词】：不定代词美名扬，修饰成分后边藏；单数动词作谓语，何时何地都一

10、样。buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物taste + adj. 尝起来 look+adj.看起来 smell闻起来 sound 听起来feel 感觉起来taste delicious look beautiful smell terriblesound wonderful feel comfortable /tired / bored/nothing but+动词原形除了之外什么都没有seem+（ to be） + adj.看起来No one seemed to be bored.seem to do sth.arrive in+ 大地点 / arri

11、ve at+ 小地点到达某地decide to do sth.决定去做某事try doing sth. 尝试做某事/ try to do sth. 尽力去做某事forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事 / forget to do sth. 忘记做某事enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事dislike doing sth.不喜欢做某事want to do sth. 想去做某事start doing sth. 开始做某事stop doing sth. 停止做某事stop to do sth.停下来去做某事keep doing sth.继续做某事keep on doing sth.

12、反复做某事有小停歇Why not do. sth.? 为什么不做呢？so+adj.+that+ 从句如此以至于it is + adj. + for sb. +to do sth对某人来说做怎么样tell sb. (not) to do sth.告诉某人（不要）做某事ask sb. (not) to do sth. 要求某人（不要）做某事want sb. (not) to do sth. 想要某人（不要）做某事1.anywhere与 somewhere两者都是 anywhere在任何地方，常用于否定句和疑问句中。I can t find it anywhere.somewhere在某处，到某处，

13、常用于肯定句。I lost my key somewhere near here.2. seem + 形容词看起来 . You seem happy today.seem + to do sth.似乎、好像做某事I seem to have a coldI seems / seemed +从句看起来好像 ；似乎 .It seems that no one believe you.seem like.好像，似乎 .It seems like a god idea.3. decide to do sth.决定做某事They decide to visit the museum.decide + 疑

14、问词 +动词不定式 He can not decide when to leave.4. start doing sth = start to do sth.开始，可与 begin互换 。 He started doing his homework.但以下几种情况不能用begin .1) 创办，开办： He started a new bllkshop last month.2) 机器开动： I can t start my car.3) 出发，动身： I will start tomorrow morning.5. over介词，多于，超过，在 以上（表示数目、程度）= more thanM

15、y father is over 40 years old.在 之上，与物体垂直且不接触，与under 相反。 There is a map over the blackboard.超过： I hear the news over the radio.遍及： I want to travel all over the world.6. too many太多，后接可数名词复数：Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.too much太多，修饰不可数名词，修饰动词作状语。We have too much work to do.Don t talk too muc

16、h.Much too太，修饰形容词或副词。The hat is much too big for me.You re walking much too fast.分辨三者的口诀： too much, much too,用法区别看后头：much 后接不可数， too后修饰形或副。too many要记住，后面名词必复数。7. because of介词短语，因为，由于，后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接句子。He can t take a walk because of the rain.because连词，因为，引导状语从句，表示直接明确的原因或理由。I don t buy the shirt bec

17、ause it was too expensive.Unit2 How often do you exercise?help with housework 帮助做家务on weekends 在周末how often 多久一次hardly ever 几乎从不once a week 每周一次twice a month 每月两次every day 每天be free 有空go to the movies 去看电影use the Internet 用互联网swing dance 摇摆舞play tennis 打网球stay up late 熬夜；睡得很晚at least 至少have dance an

18、d piano lessons上舞蹈课和钢琴课go to bed early 早点睡觉play sports 进行体育活动be good for 对 有好处sb. spend time with sb.和某人一起度过时光be bad for 对有坏处sb. spend time / money on sth. 在某方面花费时间 /金钱be good with 与友好相处sb. spend time /money in doing sth. 在做某事上花费时间/金钱be good at sth./ doing sth擅长某事 /做某事be friendly with sb. 与某人友好相处be

19、friendly to sb. 对某人友好be kind to sb. 对某人友好go camping 去野营not at all 一点儿也不in ones free time 在某人的业余时间the most popular 最受欢迎的such as 比如；诸如old habits die hard积习难改go to the dentist 去看牙医morn than 多于；超过less than 少于help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事How about ?.怎么样？ /好不好？want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事How many+ 可数名词复数 +一般疑

20、问句？有多少?主语 +find+that 从句 .发现Its+ adj.+ to do sth.做某事的的。ask sb. about sth.向某人询问某事ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事by doing sth.通过做某事What s your favorite?你最喜爱的是什么？the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式Which do you like best?你最喜欢词语辨析：1. how often 多久一次，用来提问动作发生的频率。回答用：once ， twice, three times 等词语。How often do you pla

21、y sports?Three times a week.how long多长，用来询问多长时间，也可询问某物有多长。How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here?How long is the ruler?howfor 多远，用来询问距离，指路程的远近。How faris it fromhere to the park?It s about2kilometers.1.free空闲的，有空的，反义词为busy. be free有空，闲着，相当于have time.Illbe free next week. = Illhave time ne

22、xt week.还可作“免费的、自由的”解。be free to do sth.自由地做某事。The tickets are free.You refree to go or to stay.2. How come ？ 怎么会？ 怎么回事？表示某件事情很奇怪，有点想不通；可单独使用，也可引导一个问句， 相当于疑问句 why, 但 how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序。How come Tom didntcome to the party? = Why didntTom come to the party?3. stay up late 指“熬夜到很晚，迟睡” 。 Don ts

23、tay up late next time.stay up指“熬夜，不睡觉” 。 He stayed up all night to write his story.4.go to bed强调“上床睡觉”的动作及过程，但人不一定睡着。I went to bed at eleven lastnight.go to sleep强调“入睡，睡着，进入梦乡”。She was so tired that she went to sleep soon.5.find +宾语+名词 , 发现： We have found him (to be) a good boy.find +宾语+ 形容词，发现：He f

24、ound the room dirty.find +宾语+ 现在分词，发现： I found her standing at the door.6. percent 百分数， 基数词 + percent ： percent 没有复数形式，作主语时，根据所修饰的名词来判断谓语的单复数。Forty percent of the students in our class are girls.Thirty percent of time passed.7.more than超过，多于，不仅仅，相当于over.在句型转换中考查两者的同义替换。反义词组为：less than.I lived in Sha

25、nghai for more than / over ten years.9. afraid 形容词， 担心的，害怕的，在句中作表语，不用在名词前作定语。Im afraid we cantcome here on time.be afraid of sb / sth害怕某人/ 某事；be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事。Some children are afraid of the dark.Don tbe afraid of asking question.Im afraid +从句，恐怕，担心：Im afraid I have to go now.be afraid t

26、o do sth害怕做某事10.sometimes , sometime, some times , some time的区别：sometimes频度副词，有时。表示动作发生的不经常性，多与一般现在时连用，可位于句首、句中或句末。Sometimes I get up very early.-How often do you get up?sometime副词，某个时候。表示不确切或不具体的时间，常用于过去时或将来时，对它用疑问词when.I will go to Shanghai sometime next week. -When will you go to Shanghai next we

27、ek?some times名词词组，几次，几倍。其中time是可数名词，对它提问用how many times.I have read the story some times.-How many times have you read the story?some time 名词短语， 一段时间 . 表示 “一段时间” 时，句中谓语动词常为延续性动词， 提问时用 How long.I llstay here for some time.-How long will you stay here?Unit3 I m more outgoing than my sister.Both Sam an

28、d Tom can play the drums, but Sam plays them better than Tom.That sTara, isn tit?Are you as friendly as your sister?Im shy so it s not easy for me to make friends.more outgoing 更外向as as 与一样the singing competition 唱歌比赛be similar to与 相像的 / 类似的be the same as和相同；与一致be different from 与不同care about 关心；介意l

29、ook after照顾 take care of 照顾be like a mirror 像一面镜子the most important 最重要的as long as 只要；既然bring out 使显现；使表现出get better grades 取得更好的成绩reach for 伸手取in fact事实上；实际上make friends 交朋友the other 其他的touch ones heart 感动某人be talented in music 有音乐天赋be good at 擅长be good with 善于与相处have fun doing sth. 享受做某事的乐趣be good

30、 at doing sth 擅长做某事make sb. do sth.让某人做某事want to do sth. 想要做某事as+adj./adv.的原级 +as 与一样It s+ adj.+for sb. to do sth.对某人来说，做某事的。词语辨析：laugh v. & n.笑We all laughed loudly when she made a joke. 她说了个笑话，我们都大声笑起来。We all laughed at his joke. 听了他的笑话我们都笑起来。He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。/不要高兴得太

31、早。（与 at 连用）嘲笑Dontlaugh at him. 别嘲笑他。People have often laughed at stories told by seamen. 人们常常嘲笑海员所讲的故事。Everyone laughed at his foolish antics. 大家都笑他那种愚蠢的滑稽动作。笑；笑声We had a good laugh at his joke. 我们被他的笑话逗得哈哈大笑。though conj.虽然；纵然；即使；尽管= althoughThough it was raining ， he went there. 虽然当时正下着雨，他还是到那里去了。T

32、hough he was poor he was happy. 虽然他很穷却很快乐。注意：不能受汉语的影响，在though 引导的从句后使用but。如：Though he was poor ， but he was happy.（误）thoughadv. 不过，可是，然而，常用于句末，用逗号隔开。Jim said that he would come, he didnt, though.形容词和副词的比较级、最高级大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：1）原级（不作比较） ，修饰词 very,so,too,pretty,really ； 2）比较级，表示“较”或“更”的意思（两者之间进行比较） , 标

33、志词 than,A or B,of the two,修饰词 much,alot,a little ； 3）最高级，表示“最”的意思（三者或三者以上作比较），形容词最高级前面一般要加定冠词 the，后面可带 in（ of）短语来什么比较的范围。形容词和副词的比较级和最高级规则变化：构成方法原 级比 较 级最 高 级单音一般在词尾加 -er 或 -esthighhigherhighest节词shortshortershortest和部以字母 e 词尾的词，加latelaterlatest分双-r 或 -stfinefinestfinest音节词重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写辅音字母，

34、再加 -er或 -est以“辅音字母 +y”结尾的双音节词，先把“y”改为“ i ”，再加-er 或 -est多 音 节词 和 部在词前加more 或 most分 双 音节词hothotterhottestbigbiggerbiggestthinthinnerthinnestfatfatterfattestfunnyfunnierfunniesteasyeasiereasiestearlyearlierearliestbeautifulmore beautifulmost beautifulathleticmore athleticmost athleticoutgoingmore outgo

35、ingmost outgoing形容词和副词的比较级和最高级不规则变化：原 级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther （更远）farthest(最远 )further （更深远）furthest （最深远）as(原级 )as 与一样not as/soas 不如Liming is as tall as Jim.Jack runs as fast as Tom.Lily is not as/so tall as Lucy. =Lily is shorter than

36、 Lucy.Unit4 What s the best movie theater?1. It has the biggest screens.2. The DJs choose songs the most carefuuly.3. How do you like it so far?到目前为止，你认为它怎么样？4. Thanks forget telling me.5. Can I ask you some questions?movie theater 电影院close to 离近clothes store 服装店in town 在镇上so far 到目前为止10 minutes by

37、bus 坐公共汽车 10 分钟的路程talent show 才艺表演in common 共同；共有around the world 世界各地；全世界more and more越来越and so on 等等all kinds of各种各样的be up to 是 的职责；由决定not everybody 并不是每个人make up 编造（故事、谎言等）play a role in 在方面发挥作用 /有影响for example 例如take seriously 认真对待give sb. sth.给某人某物come true（梦想、希望）实现；达到Can I ask you some ?我能问你一些

38、吗？How do you like ?你认为怎么样？ Thanks for doing sth. 因做某事而感谢。What do you think of?你认为怎么样 ?much+ adj./adv.的比较级得多watch sb. do sth.观看某人做某事play a role in doing sth. 发挥做某事是作用 /在做某事方面扮演重要的角色one of+ 可数名词的复数之一形容词和副词的最高级比较级有变化，一般词尾加-er ，最高级有变化，词尾加上-est，词尾若是哑音e, 直接加 r 就可以，词尾若是哑音e, 直接加上 -st，辅音字母加 y,记得把 y 变 i 加 -er

39、,辅音字母加 y, y 变 i 再加 -est,一辅重读闭音节，末尾双写加-er ，一辅重读闭音节，末尾双写加-est，形副音节 123，比较等级 more 在前。形副单词多音节，最高级前the most。1.表示由动词加 -ing 或 -ed 构成的形容词。2.表示由形容词加后缀-ly 构成的副词。3.表示部分双音节及多音节词。tall- tallershort- shorterlong- longerfat- fatterheavy- heavierthin - thinnercute - cuterclever- clevereststrict - stricterkind - kind

40、ernice - nicercalm - calmerwild - wildersmart - smarterquiet - quieterloud-loudershy - shierlovely - lovelierpretty- prettierugly-uglierfunny - funnierfriendly -friendlier / less friendlyhappy-happierlazy - lazierpopular - more popularoutgoing more outgoing talented - more talentedserious more/less

41、seriousactive - more activeathletic -more athletichandsome -more handsomebeautiful - more beautifulhardworking more/ less hardworking( jump) high - higher( run ) fast - faster( work ) hard - harder( get up ) early - earlier( sing ) well - sing betterlate - later( dance ) well - dance better( play ba

42、sketball ) well - (play basketball ) betterbe good at - be better at( feel )good - ( feel )better(sing) clearly - (sing) more clearly(speak) loudly - (speak) more loudlycalmly - more calmlywildly - more wildlyquietly - more quietlyseriously -more seriouslyactively - more activelyUnit5 Do you want to

43、 watch a game show?think of 认为learn from从获得；向学习find out 查明；弄清楚talk show 谈话节目game show 游戏节目soap opera 肥皂剧go on 发生watch a movie 看电影a pair of 一双；一对 try one s best 尽某人最大努力as famous as与一样有名have a discussion about 就讨论 one day 有一天such as 例如dress up 打扮；梳理take sb.s place 代替；替换do a good job 干得好something enjoy

44、able 令人愉快的东西interesting information有趣的资料one of之一look like 看起来像around the world全世界a symbol of的象征let sb. do sth.让某人做某事plan to do sth. 计划 /打算做某事hope to do sth.希望做某事happen to do sth.碰巧做某事expect to do sth.盼望做某事How about doing ?做怎么样？be ready to do sth.乐于做某事try ones best to do sth.尽力做某事1.the other, the oth

45、ers, other, others,another辨析the other表示特指两个或者两部份中的另一个或另一部分，可直接单数名词或复数名词。表示两个中的一个 另一个 时，常用onethe other 。例：He has two brothers, one is a teacher, the other is a doctor.There are forty students in our class. twenty-one are girls, the other nineteen are boys.the others特指某一范围内的其他的（人或物），是the other的复数形式，相当

46、于the other+名词。 the other +复数名词 = any other +名词单数。例：You two stay here, the others go with me.I m different from Jeff because I m louder than the other kids (any other kid) in my class.复数other作代词或形容词，可修饰可数名词单数或复数。例：We learn Chinese, Maths, English and other subjects.others作代词，泛指“其他的人或物”。例：Some student

47、s are doing homework,others are talking loudly.another泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。例：I don t like this one. Please show me another one.3.find out查明，弄清楚，find找到Please find out when Mrs Green will go to Beijing.4. go on发生，与 take place同义I wonder what was going on.翻译：隔壁发生了什么？1.happen v. 发生，一般指 偶然发

48、 生， 主语为事，不能为人。An accident happened on Park Street.happen v ，表示“碰巧”，主语可以是人，后常跟动词不定式to, 表示“碰巧 ”.Sb + happens to do sth.I happened to see my uncle on the street.* take place 意为“发生，举行，举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。 例：Great changes have taken place in China.The meeting will take place next Friday.2. expect v. 期待，盼望，预期，后常接四种结构：1) expect +名词 / 代词，期待某事 / 某人，预计 可能发生。I m expecting Li Lin s letter.2) expect to do sth.预计做某事Lily expects to come back next week.3