教育英语文献选读部分文章翻译(共24页)

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上一、Y: 杨锐中央电视台英语频道“对话”节目主持人H: 何其莘教授北京外国语大学副校长D: Donald Holder 北大附中外籍教师Y: What do Eastern and Western family education share in shaping a childs mind and character? Y:东方和西方家庭教育分享在塑造孩子的人的心灵和品格?H: Parental guidance is probably the first thing. Both the east and west emphasize the quality of

2、family life. Usually parents are the first teachers for a child. A child very often imitates the parents and he is likely to regard whatever the parents do as positive. H:父母的指导可能是第一件事。东方和西方都强调家庭生活的质量。通常父母为孩子的第一任老师。一个孩子经常模仿父母和他可能认为不管父母做积极的。D: I agree with Prof. He. It seems that in both families whet

3、her its east or west, the child is the center and becomes the focus of the parents hopes and dreams. And on both sides we also have this idea of putting pressure on the child. Especially in China, that pressure becomes even more apparent. Americans. sometimes its a little more subtle in this side. B

4、ut both sides share that a child is 医生:我同意教授他。看来在这两个家庭无论是东方还是西方,孩子是中心,成为关注的父母的希望和梦想。和在双方我们也有这个想法的孩子施压。尤其是在中国,这种压力变得更加明显。美国人有时候这是一个小更微妙的在这一边。但双方分享这一个孩子what carries the family to next generation and is the base for the improvement of a family. 什么携带家人下一代的基础,是提高一个家庭。Y: Parents sometimes have moments of

5、embarrassment with their children, for example, what do you think is the most reasonable way of answering childrens questions such as how they were born and why their parents sleep together while putting them in their own rooms? Y:父母有时有尴尬的时刻与他们的孩子,例如,你认为什么是最合理的方式回答孩子的问题,比如他们如何出生和为什么他们的父母睡在一起而使他们在他们自

6、己的房间吗?D: In America because we have so many different religions and cultures that at present everybody has their own taboos and about what to do. Every family and culture has its own definition of sexual morality. Some parents are very frank, theyll tell the child from a very early age when they sta

7、rt questioning about sex. D:在美国,因为我们有这么多不同的宗教和文化,目前每个人都有他们自己的禁忌和对要做什么。每个家庭和文化都有自己的定义“性道德”。一些父母非常坦率,他们会告诉孩子们从很小的时候当他们开始询问关于性。Y: How is sex education conducted in a typical American school? Y:性教育进行了在一个典型的美国学校吗?D: In primary school education we leave the parents to handle that. By the time of junior hi

8、gh school when their bodies are changing, they have the health classes or PE classes1. You have the boys and girls over and they are going to talk about the physical changes. And by the time they go to high school, they have a health class, which talks about sex, sexual problems and diseases. D:在小学教

9、育我们离开父母来处理这样的。到初中当他们的身体正在改变,他们有健康类或PE classes1。你有男孩和女孩在和他们要谈的是物理变化。和当他们去高中,他们有一个健康类,它谈论性、性问题和疾病。Y: As a parent and teacher of English, did you ever talk to your child or students explicitly about sex? Y:作为家长和老师的英语,你有没有跟你的孩子或者学生明确的关于性?H: Well, sex is a more sensitive topic in China especially in fami

10、lies and schools. In most families,sex is regarded as a rigid taboo so teachers would avoid talking about it and parents would not talk about sex at home either. If I were asked by a little boy of five or four why Mom and Dad sleep together I would probably say Mom and Dad love each other and we nee

11、d talk when you get into bed, something like that. H:嗯,性是一个更加敏感的话题在中国尤其在家庭和学校。在大多数家庭,性被视为刚性禁忌,教师会避免谈论它和父母不会谈论性在家里也。如果我问一个小男孩的五个或四个为什么妈妈和爸爸一起睡,我大概会说妈妈和爸爸爱彼此,我们需要谈话当你上床,这样的东西。Y: Okay, lets say, if the parents know clearly that sex will inevitably happen between their sons and their girlfriends when th

12、ey go camping during the summer holiday, what do American parents usually do in this case? Y:好吧,让我们说,如果父母很清楚,性将不可避免地发生在他们的儿子和他们的女朋友当他们去露营暑假期间,美国的父母通常在这种情况下吗?D: Well, this is back to parental education. The parents are resigning themselves sometimes to the fact that their teenager children in high sc

13、hool might have sex with his or her girlfriend or bo yfriend. We cant stop this from happening, but can teach them to be careful and responsible. 维:嗯,这是回到父母的教育。父母都是辞职自己有时这样的事实,即他们在高中少年儿童可能性与他或她的女朋友或bo yfriend。我们不能阻止这种情况的发生,但是可以教导他们要谨慎和负责任的。Y: Prof. He, you have said that another main difference betw

14、een Eastern and Western education is that the Asian teaching method is much more test-oriented. A students future may be determined by the result of one test after he or she graduated from high school. So are you questioning the current national entrance exam2 for entering universities? Y:教授,你曾经说过,他

15、的另一个主要区别东方和西方的教育是,亚洲教学方法更以考试为目的。一个学生的未来也可能取决于一个试验的结果后,他或她从高中毕业。所以你要质疑当前高考进入大学exam2吗?H: This is whats in my mind. I understand the difficulty of conducting national entrance exams more than once in such a large country like China, but I think we probably should learn from our American colleagues, esp

16、ecially in their SAT3 system, to provide more chances for children to take part in the exams. H:这是什么在我的头脑。我理解的困难进行不止一次的国家入学考试在这样一个幅员辽阔的国家像中国一样,但我认为我们应该从我们的美国同事学习,特别是在他们的SAT3系统,提供更多的机会对孩子参加考试。Y: How many national tests do you have or do you have any national tests for entering universities? Y:有多少国家测试

17、你或你有任何国家测试进入大学吗?D: There are two national exams for entering college: the SAT and the ACT. 4 But we have to emphasize here that these exams are optional. They are not required by every school in America, and in fact most state schools5 dont require them at all if you live in the United States. So wh

18、en youre at your last year of high school, the question is not whether you like to enter a college or the exams will let you enter a college, the question is Do you want to go to college? And that takes a lot of pressure off the child and gives more room to the child to grow as a learner, knowing th

19、at the exams are important but they dont decide who you are and what kind of student you are. I think this is one of the biggest differences between Chinese education and American education. D:有两个国家考试:SAT和进入大学的行为。4但我们必须强调在这里,这些考试是可选的。他们并不要求每一所学校在美国,事实上,大多数国家schools5不要求他们如果你住在美国。所以当你在你的高中的最后一年,问题不在于你

20、是否喜欢进入大学或考试会让你进入大学,问题是“你想去上大学?“,这需要很大的压力下的孩子,提供更大的空间来孩子成长为一个学习者,知道考试是很重要的,但是他们并不决定你是谁,你是什么样的学生。我认为这是一个区别最大的中国教育和美国教育。Y: Asian students usually score the highest in math and science in the world. What comments do you have on this? Y:亚洲学生通常得分最高的数学和科学的世界。你有什么评论吗?H: This reminds me of one TV program, a

21、special report on Asian students in American universities by NBC6 in 1996. After citing a few examples to illustrate the excellent performance of Asian students in American universities, the anchorman7 concluded by saying:There has been a saying in many top American universities lately, if you see s

22、o many Asian faces in your class on the H:这让我想起了一个电视节目,一个特殊的报告在美国大学的亚洲学生在1996年NBC6。在举出一些例子来说明性能优良的亚洲学生在美国的大学,anchorman7得出结论说:“已经有了许多美国顶尖大学说在最近,如果你看到这么多亚洲面孔在你的类first day of the semester, drop it out. 8 I think in a way this is a good summary of the excellent academic performance of Asian students. Bu

23、t at the same time, we have to admit that Asian students do not do an equally good job in their laboratories. I think this is partly because too much emphasis has been placed on test result instead of their ability of using their hands. So I think if we start giving more emphasis on the ability of d

24、oing things, I think they can probably do a better job not only in tests but also in their abilities. 新学期的第一天,掉出来。“我认为在某种程度上8这是一个很好的概括的亚洲学生优异的学业表现。但同时,我们必须承认亚洲学生不做一个同样好工作在他们的实验室。我认为部分原因是由于太多的重点是要测试的结果,而不是他们使用他们的手的能力。所以我认为如果我们开始给予更多强调的做事的能力,我认为他们可以做一个更好的工作不仅在测试中,也在自己的能力。D: The problem is that if you

25、dont balance that by taking knowledge from head and putting it on hands and use it, I wont need that person for a job market. This person will be a scholar and will know much, but he cant do anything. Let me be very honest with you. We praise our Asian students in our colleges, but in fact they neve

26、r ever get to the top. They are always the best assistants, the best researchers if I give them a task, but they are never the team leaders and they are never the managers. They are always the workers. I think that reflects the exam-memorization side of the education system. They know how to memoriz

27、e and learn it, but they dont know how to creatively take it out of their heads and do things on their own. That is something that needs to be looked at carefully in the education system here. D:问题是,如果你不平衡,以知识并把它从头部和手使用它,我不需要那人对就业市场。这个人会成为一个学者,就会知道太多,但他不能做任何事情。让我很诚实地告诉你。我们赞美我们的亚洲学生在我们的大学,但事实上他们永远不会到

28、达山顶。他们总是最好的助手,最好的研究人员如果我给他们一个任务,但他们从不团队领导人和他们永远是经理。他们总是工人。我认为这反映了考试识记一边的教育系统。他们知道如何记忆和学习它,但他们不知道如何创造性地把它从他们的头和做自己的事情。这是需要仔细的在这里的教育体系。Y: Now more and more Chinese parents are sending their children abroad for secondary schooling. 9 Do you think they do so simply to let their children to have a taste

29、of Western life and education? Or is it because of a very practical concern, Prof. He? Y:现在越来越多的中国家长把孩子送到国外中学教育。9你认为他们这么做只是为了让他们的孩子有品味的西方生活和教育?或者是因为一个非常现实的担忧,教授吗?H: The reasons behind that vary. Some of the parents are thinking of providing a proper college education for the child, because the compe

30、tition of entering a Chinese college is still fierce at this moment. And some are thinking of providing a well paying job for their children in the future. And some are probably thinking of sending their children abroad as the first step of immigrating into a foreign country themselves. H:变化的背后的原因。一

31、些父母都想提供一个合适的大学教育孩子,因为竞争进入中国的大学仍然是激烈的这一刻。和一些正考虑提供好工作为孩子支付在未来。和一些可能考虑把子女送到国外作为第一步的移民到国外自己。Y: But how do we look at this, many Asian Ph.D. students are roaming the streets of Singapore,Hong Kong and Taiwan even looking for Jobs? Y:但是我们怎么看这,许多亚洲人漫步街头,博士生的新加坡、香港和台湾甚至找工作吗?D: Well, the Ph.D. only tells me

32、you have studied. If I want to be a university professor or a science researcher, definitely Ph.D. is important because I need to be in the top of my field of research. But if I were the president of the company and I need to hire creative work staff, Im going to look what youve done and I dont care

33、 how much youve studied. 维:嗯,博士学位只告诉我你研究过。如果我想成为一个大学教授或科学研究员,绝对博士是很重要的,因为我需要在我的研究领域的顶部。但如果我是这家公司的董事长和我需要雇佣有创造性的工作人员,我要看看你都做了什么,我不在乎你是多么的研究。Y: Now a question for each of you before we end this interview. What should we as parents and teachers do to let children be more creative and innovative? Y:现在一个

34、问题对每个你在我们结束这个采访。我们应该为家长和教师都让孩子们更有创造力和创新?D: I would encourage them to question and always be supportive to them. You should take the time to make the child be interested in the world around them and question everything they know and to seek their own truth as well. So be there as a listener, but at t

35、he same time, be a guide that can show them how to find the answers themselves. D:我会鼓励他们的问题和永远支持他们。你应该花时间使孩子有兴趣在他们周围的世界,并质疑一切他们知道和寻求自己的真理一样。所以在那里作为一个监听器,但同时,是一个指南,可以向他们显示如何找到答案。H: I think we should have more discussion classes, both at the primary and secondary levels. The debates in the classes wil

36、l encourage the students to think more creatively. And they will become thinkers instead of followers of the instructions of teachers. H:我认为我们应该有更多的讨论类,无论是在初级和中级水平。在类的辩论将会鼓励学生更富创造性的思考。他们将成为思想家,而不是老师的指示的追随者。1. 体育课。PE: Physical Education.2. 高考。3. SATscholastic aptitude test学业能力倾向测验。4. ACTAmerican Coll

37、ege Test美国大学测验。5. 公立学校。6. NBCNational Broadcasting Company美国全国广播公司。7. 节目主持人。8. 别上这个班。9. 上中学。_二、Lets Put the Heat on Campus Cheats 让我们把热量在校园骗子The scandal of college cheating. 该丑闻的大学作弊。By Stephen Barr 斯蒂芬巴尔Declining Morals 道德滑坡James Karge-Taylor was astonished at the rampant cheating taking place in h

38、is jazz-history class at the University of Arizona. Students looked over each others shoulders, devised coughing codes to communicate to friends, and flashed answers on the backs of their hands while pretending to stretch. 詹姆斯Karge-Taylor感到惊讶猖獗的作弊发生在他的修读爵士历史类的亚利桑那大学。学生看着彼此的肩膀,设计了咳嗽编码与朋友交流,和闪烁的答案背后的手

39、而假装伸展。He once caught one student using his cell phone to send answers to a friends pager. The code 54*2, for instance, meant the answer to question 54 was B. Karge-Taylor kicked them out of his classroom and gave both an F. 他曾抓住一个学生用他的手机发送一个朋友的寻呼机的答案。代码“54 * 2,“例如,意味着题的答案是B 54。Karge-Taylor踢他们离开自己的教室

40、,并送了一个F。At small Morningside College in Sioux City, Iowa, philosophy professor Heather Reid discovered cheating in, of all places, her introductory ethics class. Two students turned in homework assignments that were almost identical. Reid reported the incident to the academic dean, leading to an inv

41、estigation. One student was suspended and given an F for the course. 在小晨边学院爱荷华州苏城,哲学教授希瑟里德发现作弊,所有的地方,她的介绍性的伦理类。两个学生在作业了,几乎是相同的。Reid报道此事的教务长,导致一个调查。一个学生被停职,给定一个F的课程。Incidents such as these are all too common. In recent years many colleges and universities have reported a surge in plagiarism, unauthor

42、ized collusion on assignments and cheating on tests. 诸如此类的事件都太常见。近年来许多学院和大学报道激增的剽窃,未经授权的勾结的作业和考试作弊。In research conducted at 31 schools over the past decade, Rutgers University professor Donald McCabe has found that nearly 70 percent of students admit to cheating at some point during college, with ov

43、er 15 percent reporting that they were, in McCabes words, serious, repetitive cheaters. 在研究31学校在过去的十年中,罗格斯大学教授唐纳德麦凯布已经发现,近70%的学生承认作弊在某种程度上,大学期间超过15%报告说,他们在McCabe的话说,“严重的、重复的骗子。”While this surge has been blamed on many factors, including a declining emphasis on moral values in the home and school, wi

44、thout question its never been easier to cheat. With the Internet, students have access to a treasure-trove of information they can pinch without proper attribution. Theres a cowboy feeling about the Internet that the information is out there for everybody to use as they see fit, says 虽然这个激增归咎于许多因素,包

45、括一个下降的强调道德价值观在学校和家里,毫无疑问从未如此的容易作弊。有了互联网,学生获得珍贵的信息他们可以捏没有适当的属性。“有一个牛仔感觉关于互联网的信息是拿出来给大家使用在他们认为合适的地方,”说Michele Goldfarb, director of the Office of Student Conduct at the University of Pennsylvania. 米歇尔戈德法布办公室的主任,学生行为在宾夕法尼亚大学。In a composition class, University of Texas instructor Sharan Daniel asked stu

46、dents to write an evaluative argument, which could include reviewing a contemporary film. 在一篇作文类,德克萨斯大学讲师夏朗丹尼尔要求学生写下一个评价参数,其中可能包括回顾当代电影。One student chose a Bruce Willis movie. 一个学生选择一个布鲁斯威利斯的电影。Daniel suspected plagiarism when the paper turned in was different in style from the 丹尼尔涉嫌剽窃论文的时候把在不同的风格st

47、udents previous work. She did a search on the Internet and found the review the 学生以前的工作。她做了一个在互联网上搜索,发现了审查student had lifted in its entirety. 学生在其全部解除。There are hundreds of websites, with names like and 有成百上千的网站,像和名称CollegeTermP, which offer ready-made essays on topics ranging from CollegeTermP,它提供现

48、成的文章主题从anthropology to zoology. Some sites are free, as long as you contribute a paper of 人类学生态。有些网站是免费的,只要你贡献的一篇论文your own, while others charge anything from a modest membership fee to over 你自己的,而其他的收费从一个适度的会费超过$100 a paper. 100美元一纸。Students also get papers directly from their peers. As the semeste

49、r-end approaches, 学生可以直接从他们的同龄人的论文。随着学期结束的临近,the online message boards and chat rooms on many websites fill with requests for 在线留言板和聊天室在许多网站充满请求papers from desperate students. 论文从绝望的学生。The website of the Evil House of Cheat boasts 2000 daily visitors. There you can pick 该网站的邪恶的房子的欺骗拥有每天接待2000名参观者。在那

50、里你可以选择up tips on how to cheat on exams and read comments from people described as satisfied users, like one student who said he had raised his grade-point average from a D- to a B+ after he paid his $9.95 annual membership fee. 小技巧如何在考试中作弊和阅读评论人描述为满足用户,像一个学生说他举起他的平均分从D - B + 9.95美元后,他花了他的会员年费。Many o

51、f the term-paper sites include a statement that the work is for research 许多还有学术网站包括一个声明,这项工作”进行研究only. But those disclaimers are regarded as a joke. 只有。“但这些免责声明被认为是一个笑话。Experts say that academic cheating begins as early as middle school, and often becomes a well-honed habit by high school. A recent

52、survey of 3100 high-achieving students by Whos Who Among American High School Students revealed that 80 percent of the nations best and brightest admitted cheating in school, up five percent from the year before. 专家说,学术欺骗开始早在中学,常常会变成一个习惯的精确高中。最近的一项调查,3100年通过的高分学生在美国高中学生透露,80%的国家最优秀和最聪明的承认作弊的学校,比前年增长

53、了百分之五。Some rationalize that its okay to cheat if the course is not in their major but is 一些合理化,作弊没什么问题,如果这个课程不是在他们的主要但required for graduating. Others assume its a victimless offense. One University of 毕业所需。有人认为这是一个无受害人的犯罪。大学的一Texas student, in a posting on an Internet forum on cheating, went so far

54、as to 德克萨斯州的学生,在一个互联网论坛上发帖在作弊,甚至defend it as a legitimate form of learning. I personally dont cheat unless I learn 保卫它作为一个合法形式的学习。“我个人不欺骗除非我学习something from it, the student wrote. If that involves looking at one answer on a 从它的东西,”学生写道。“如果需要查看一个答案上quiz, I think the person is more likely to remember

55、that one answer since they had 测验,我认为这个人更可能记住一个答案,因为他们有to resort to cheating to obtain it. 诉诸作弊来获取它。四、The Difference A Teacher Can Make 区别一个老师可以使Steve, a 12-year-old boy with alcoholic parents, was about to be lost forever. He had been failing since first grade, as he was passed on from grade to gra

56、de. 史蒂夫,一个12岁的男孩与酒精的父母,会永远失去了。他一直没有从一年级起,因为他是通过等级等级。Steve was a big boy, looking more like a teenager than a 12-year-old. Yet Steve went unnoticed, until Miss White. 史蒂夫是一个大男孩,看起来更像一个比一个12岁的少年。然而史蒂夫的陈年旧事,直到怀特小姐。Miss White was a smiling young beautiful redhead, and Steve was in love. Yet he never did

57、 his homework and he was always in trouble with Miss White. 怀特小姐总是笑容可掬的年轻漂亮的红发,史蒂夫在爱。然而他没有做作业,他总是找怀特小姐的。In the middle of the first semester of school, the entire 7th grade was tested for basic skills. As Miss White began to go over the test results for the 7th grade, Steve locked his gaze on Miss Wh

58、ite with adolescent adoration. 在中间的第一学期的期中,整个七年级要进行基础技能测验。作为怀特小姐开始去测验结果的7年级,史蒂夫锁盯着怀特小姐与青少年崇拜。You all did pretty well, she told the class, except for one boy. And it breaks my heart to tell you this, but . she hesitated, pinning Steve to his seat with a sharp stare, her eyes searching his face, the smartest boy in the 7th grade is failing my class. She just stared at Steve, and the class spun around