高一英语UNIT4 earthquake人教实验版知识精讲

1、高一英语UNIT4 EARTHQUAKE人教实验版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：UNIT4 EARTHQUAKE二. 重点词汇：1. rise vi (rose, risen ),起床,起身,上升eg: He rose from the chair when the doorbell rang.The Sun rises in the east and sets in the west The flood has risen two feet.注意arise ,raise ,rise的用法区别；首先 rise, arise 是不及物动词，没有被动语态.rise 意为“升起，增高”arise意

2、为“出现，产生”raise是及物动词，意为“增加，引起”“举起”“提高”“饲养”“筹集”如：The living standard of the people has greatly been raised.Her job is raising chickens.His temperature is still rising.The new problem arises.2. shake n/v 摇动，震动，发抖，震惊Please shake the bottle before taking the medicine. (v)He gave the bottle a shake. (n).相关

3、的短语：shake hands with sb 与某人握手shake ones head 摇头shake with cold 冻得发抖shake with laughter 捧腹大笑be shaken by/ at 被/因而震惊give a shake 把摇一下3. burst (burst, burst ) v/n爆裂，爆发burst into tears= burst out crying 放声大哭a burst of laughter/ anger 一阵大笑/愤怒相关的短语：burst into 闯入burst out 冒出burst forth 突然出现4. ruin n 毁灭；毁坏，

4、常用复数ruins表示“废墟”He is an archaeologist who studies the ruins of ancient Greece. vt毁灭；毁坏She poured water all over my painting and ruined it.短语：in ruins 荒芜的；成为废墟The ancient building lay in ruins after the fire.注意destroy, ruin , damage 的用法区别；destroy 表示肉体上，精神上或道义上遭到彻底摧毁，是指无法复原，也可指完全毁坏某物体。ruin一般指对物体或生命彻底的

5、破坏，常指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏。damage一般指对物体或生命的局部损伤，一般可以复原。如：The car damaged in the accident is being repaired.The fire destroyed all the books in the library.I was ruined by the law case.5. injure v伤害；损害 injured adj 受伤的 injury n伤害；损害Smoking will injure your health. (v)The driver injured his leg in a car accid

6、ent . (v)She was badly injured in an accident during the week. (adj)He is now suffering injuries to the head. (n)注意injure, hurt, wound, harm 的用法区别；injure指因意外或事故而受到的伤害hurt一般用语。既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上的伤害。往往含有“剧烈的疼痛”或“痛苦”之意。wound n/v多指刀、枪、剑等外来的暴力所造成的伤害harm 一般指伤害有生命的东西，常指伤害一个人的健康，权利等。6. judge n法官，裁判员 v 判断，判决I

7、cant judge which one is better. Maybe I should get both of them.judgment n 审判，判决，裁判固定短语：judging from 从来判断。可用来引导独立成分，其逻辑主语不一定与主句的主语保持一致。类似这种结构的有：generally speaking Judging from the number of cars, he thought, there were not many people at the club.Judging from his looks, he may be sick.7. prepare v 准

8、备相关的短语：prepare sth = get sth ready 准备干某事prepare for sth = make preparations for sth 为做准备prepare sb sth 为某人准备be prepared for 对做好准备be prepared to do 愿意做某事be prepared against 防备8. honour vt尊敬，给以荣誉 n 荣幸之事Children should honour their father and mother.Its an honour for me to be asked to speak here.相关的短语：

9、in honour of 纪念，出于对某人的敬意be honored by 对感到荣幸Eg: We hold this meeting in honor of the great hero.I felt highly honored by the kind of things you say about me.9. right away =at once, immediately, in no time 10. put up 1）举起=raise 2）建起 3）张贴Put up your hands if you have any questions.They are putting up s

10、everal new houses on our street.11. “a number of” means “some”“a large number of” means “many”辨析 a number of + n.pl +v（复数） the number of + n. pl +v（单数）相近短语 a great/large/small/number/of a great/good/many quite a few +n.（可数）scores ofa lot oflots ofplenty of +n.（可数或不可数）a small/large/quantity of a grea

11、t deal of +n.（不可数）quite a little三. 重点句型解读：1. All hope was not lost = Not all hope was lost not all= allnot 并非所有的，（为部分否定）部分否定的还有：not every=everynot并非每一个； not both=bothnot并非两个都； not everything= everything not并非所有的Both the answers are not right.表示全部否定时，要用none 和neither.None of the girls like(s) wearing

12、skirts.Neither of the answer is right.2. Everywhere they looked, nearly everything was destroyed.everywhere用作连词，相当于wherever, no matter where引起的让步状语从句。She follows me everywhere I go.everywhere用作副词，“到处”，相当于here and there ，作地点状语。I still cant find my dictionary though Ive looked for it everywhere.3. It

13、seemed that the world was at an end.It seems that. =sb seems to do sthIt seems that I have seen him before.= I seem to have seen him before.4. The chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.too+adj/adv +to do sth太而不能 =so +adj/adv +that.not 引导结果状语从句。This book is too difficult for me to unders

14、tand.=This book is so difficult that I cant understand it. 【模拟试题】一. 单项选择1. Prices _ steadily during the past decade.A. raise B. rise C. arise D. have risen 2. Our plan was _ by his stupid action.A. ruined B. damaged C. destroyed D. ruin 3. Its useless _ to talk to her because she never listens.A. tr

15、y B. to try C. tried D. trying 4. _ from her face, she was angry.A. Judged B. Judging C. To judge D. Being judged 5. Two-thirds of the people _ during the earthquake.A. was injured B. was wounded C. were injured D. were wounded 6. His strength _ after running a 3500-metre-race.A. gave out B. gave of

16、f C. gave away D. gave up 7. _ coal was transported to this city.A. Large amounts of B. A great deal of C. A good many D. A great deal 8. Its _ honour for me to be asked to speak here. A. an B. a C. the D. /9. He made another wonderful inventions, _ of great help to science.A. which I think is B. I

17、think which is C. which I think it D. which I think it is 10. Was _ Bill, _ played tennis well, _won the first prize in the competition?-Yes, he is not only active in sports but also good at study.A. it; that; who B. which; that; that C. it; who; that D. who; which; that 二、阅读理解China news, Xining, Ma

18、y 14 - This year, 4 earthquakes above magnitude 5 on the Richter Scale have hit the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, including a magnitude 6.1 one and a magnitude 5.6 one in the early May. However, they have posed no threat to the busy Qinghai-Tibet Railway, which is designed and built to survive even tougher

19、 earthquakes. Two earthquakes happened in Qinghai, and the rest two in Tibet, all in uninhabited zones. Thus no severe damages were caused. “The special geological structure of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the main reason for frequent earthquakes here. Statistics show that Tibet ranks No.2 in the in

20、cidences of earthquakes in China, while Qinghai ranks No.4,” said Chen Yuhua, the director of the Forecasting Center of Qinghai Provincial Seismological Bureau. The designers of the railway had taken the special conditions of the plateau into consideration in the very beginning of the project, and m

21、any anti-earthquake devices had been included. “I was traveling aboard a train on the Qinghai-Tibet Railway during the last earthquake, and I didnt feel anything at all,” said Li Shunping, the director of the Operation Department of Qinghai-Tibet Railway Corp.11. From the passage, how many earthquak

22、es have happened in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau totally this year?A. 5 B 4 C. 6 D. We dont know12. According to the passage, which of the following is right? A. The earthquakes did harm to Qinghai-Tibet Railway B. Tibet has the largest number of earthquake in China C. Qinghai has the largest number of ear

23、thquake in China D. The earthquakes caused little damage in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau13. Why are there many earthquakes in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau?A. Because of the building of Qinghai-Tibet Railway B. Because of its geological structure C. Because of its altitude D. It wasnt mentioned in the passage14. A

24、ccording to the passage, all the followings are true except A. 4 earthquakes above magnitude 5 hit the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau B. Qinghai-Tibet Railway was designed to survive earthquakes. C. Qinghai ranks No.4 in the incidences of earthquakes in the world D. the earthquakes happened all in uninhabite

25、d zones 三. 单词拼写15. The police _（挽救） three children from the big fire. 16. It was caused by natural _.（灾难）17. The grass smell _ （清新）and sweet after the rain .18. It _ （震惊）me that he died in the earthquake.19. Remember to turn off the lights when leaving the room in order not to waste _（电）四、书面表达假如你是斯里

26、兰卡（Sri Lanka）某市的市长约翰逊，你市2004年12月26日遭受了历史上罕见的印度洋海啸，造成了大约4万人伤亡，大量房屋被毁，许多人无家可归的惨剧。灾情发生后，你市收到了中国商人李某捐赠的100万美元。请你给他写一封英文感谢信，感谢他的帮助，并在信中表明在中国及世界其他国家人民的帮助下，你市人民一定能够战胜困难，重建家园。注意：1. 词数：100左右2. 信的开头和结尾已写好，但不计入词数Dear Li,Im Johnson, mayor of a city of Sri Lanka. Im writing this thank-you letter to express our sincere gratitude for what you have done for the people of my city.Yours truly, Johnson【试题答案】单选题答案：15 D A D B C610 A B A A C 阅读理解答案：11. D 注意子句4 earthquakes above magnitude 5 on the Richter Scale have hit the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 划线部分所表示的条件12. D 由