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1、精品文档人教版八年级上册英语语法、短语和知识点总结Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?本单元的话题:谈论假期活动内容,复习一般过去时。本单元的语法: 1.复习一般过去时;2.学习不定代词和不定副词的用法。2.不定代词和不定副词的用法:(1)左边的 some 、any 、every 、no 与右边的 body 、one 、 thing 构成不定代词, some 、any 、every 、no 与右边的疑问副词 where 构成不定副词;(2)一般情况下以some 开头的不定代词和不定副词用于肯定句,以 any 开头的不定代词和不定副词用于否定句、疑问句;以 n
2、o 开头的不定代词和不定副词表示否定含义(no one为两个单词);(3)不定代词或不定副词和形容词连用时,形容词放在后面。He has something important to do.他有重要的事情要做。(肯定句用 something,形容词 important放后)Did you buy anything special?(一般疑问句用anything,形容词 special放后)Did you go anywhere interesting last month?上个月你去令人感兴趣的地方了吗?(一般疑问句用不定副词anywhere ,形容词 interesting放后 )(4)不定
3、代词和不定副词做主语时,后面的动词用单数形式。精品文档1Everone is here today.今天每个人都在这里。本单元的短语和知识点:1. go on vacation去度假go to the mountains上山 /进山2.stay at home呆在家 go to the beach去海滩visitmuseums参观博物馆go to summer camp去参观夏令营3. study for tests为考试而学习备考go out出去4. quite a few相当多 ,不少(后跟可数名词复数) take photos照相 most of the time大部分时间5.buy s
4、th for sb =buy sb sth为某人买某物6. taste good.尝起来很好taste (尝起来)、 look (看起来)、 sound (听起来)为感官动词,后跟形容词7.have a goodgreatfun time过得高兴,玩得愉快(=enjoyoneself ) 8. go shopping去购物9. nothingbut+动词原形:除了 之外什么都没有He had nothing to do at home but read yesterday.昨天他在家除了读书无事可做。10. seem to do sth: 好像 I seem to know him. 我好像认
5、识他。seem+( to be )+形容词:看起来 The work seems ( to be )easy. 这工作看起来很容易。11.keep a diary记日记12.arrivein+ 大地方:达到某地(get to + 地方:2达到某地)arriveat+ 小地方:达到某地(get 的过去式为got)若是 arrive 和 get 后跟 home 、there 、 here 三个地点副词,后面的介词inatto必须去掉。Tom got home yesterday evening=Tom arrived homeyesterday evening.昨晚汤姆到家。13.decide t
6、o do sth:决定做某事14. try doing sth.尝试做某事 try to do sth.尽力去做某事15. feel like给的感觉;感受到16. in the past在过去 walk around 四处走走enjoydoing sth:喜欢做某事difference(名词,差异,差别 )- different( 形容词,不同的 )18.start doing sth:开始做某事( = start to do sth)19.19.over an hour一个多小时(over 超过,多余= morethan )20. too many太多,后接可数名词复数。too much太
7、多,后跟不可数名词,修饰动词作状语。much too 太,后跟形容词或副词 , 分辨三者的口诀: too much, much too, 用法区别看后头 :much 后接不可数 ,too后修饰形或副。 too many要记住,后面名词必复数。21. because of 因为 ,后接名词、代词或动名词 (即动词 +ing ),不能接句子。3because因为,后跟句子。He was late for school because of getting up late.他因为起晚而上学迟到。(get 为动词)= He was late for school because he got up l
8、ate.22. enough(足够的 )与名词连用,一般放在名词前He hasenough money .23. enough( 足够的 )与形容词或副词连用, enough 放在后面。He is old enough to go to school.24.Forgetdoing sth.忘记已经做过某事(已经做完)Forgetto do sth.忘记去做某事(还未做)(forget的过去式为 forgot)25. so+ 形容词 +that+ 句子:如此 以至于 too+ 形容词 +to do sth:太 以至于不能 形容词 +enough to do sth:足够 能够做某事(注意三个句型
9、有时可以互换)He is so young that he can t go to school.= He is tooyoung to go to school.= He isn t old enough to go to school.Unit 2 How often do you exercise?本单元的话题:谈论生活习惯,复习一般现在时。4本单元的语法: 1.复习一般现在时;2.学习表示频率副词的用法。主要频率副词的等级排序:always( 总是 ) > usually (通常 ) >often( 经常 ) > sometimes(有时 ) > hardly
10、ever(很少 ) >never( 从不 )这些副词在句子中的位置,一般放在助动词、be 动词或情态动词之后,行为动词之前。即:“行”前“助(系) ”后。 Peter isalways late for school. Peter上学总是迟到。I usually do my homework in the evening.我通常在晚上做作业。提问 always, sometimes, twice a day等频率副词,用How oftenI watch TV every day. 我每天都看电视 How often do you watch TV?( 你多长时间看一次电视? ) 本单元的
11、短语和知识点:1.on weekends在周末go to the movies去看电影helpwith housework帮助做家务how often多久一次 hardly ever 几乎从不2.once a week每周一次twice a week每周两次everyday 每天use the Internet用互联网be free有空Are you free on weekends?你周末有空吗?4.stay up late熬夜 at least至少 go to bed early早点睡觉5play sports进行体育活动5.after school放学后6.want sth:需要某物He
12、 wants anew pen. 他想要一支新钢笔。want to do sth:想做某事He wants to watch TV afterschool. 放学后他想去看电视。want sb to do sth:让某人做某事My mother wants me getup early. 妈妈让我早起。7.be good for对 有好处be bad for对 有害处8.play computer games打电子游戏go camping去野营9.ask sb about sth:问某人某事My parents oftenask me about my study.我的父母经常问我的学习情况。
13、10. in one s spare time在某人业余时间He studiesEnglish in his spare time.11.(P13, 2b) ”数字 +percent of+名词 ”做主语时,后面的单词取决于名词的情况。若名词为复数,后面的动词用复数形式;若名词为单数或不可数名词,后面的动词用单数形式。In our class ,twenty of students are boys.Thirty ofwater is dirty.12.not at all: 一点儿也不( not 构成否定句) I don tlikethe movie at all.13.go online上
14、网 =surf the Internet14.the answer to+名词: 的答案616.the (best) way to do sth:做某事的 (最好 )方式The best way to learn English is speaking English.学习英语的最好方法是说英语.17.such as比如 (后跟名词或名词短语)for example例如(后跟句子)He likes fruits,such as apples,bananas and so on.他喜欢水果,例如苹果、香蕉等。He has some good ways to study English,for e
15、xample ,he often listens to tapes.19.more than (=over)超过,多余go to the dentist去看牙医Unit 3 I'm more outgoing than mysister.本单元的话题:谈论事物对比,学习形容词比较级。本单元的语法:学习形容词比较级。(语法:见课本第113 页至 115 页)本单元的短语和知识点:1.play+the +乐器play the drums打鼓比较 play + 球类play basketball打篮球both and 两者都 (后面的动词用复数形式)Both Tom andJim are s
16、tudents.3.be good at+名词 代词 V ing: 擅长,在某方面做得好77.be like: 像 The books are likefriends. 书像朋友。8.make friends (with sb):(和某人)交朋友enjoy doing sth:喜欢做某事9.be different from与不同My brother is different fromme. 我弟弟与我不一样。10.help sb to (do) sth:帮助某人做某事常与 help sb with sth(在某方面帮助某人)互换He oftenhelps me(to ) learn Engl
17、ish.他经常帮助我学习英语。= Heoften helps me with my English.他经常在英语方面帮助我。help (to) do sth:帮助做某事He often helps( to )cook athome. 他经常在家帮助做饭。13.be good with sb:与某人相处很好14.information( n.消息,信息)不可数名词Unit 4 What's the best movie theater?本单元的话题:谈论事物对比,学习形容词和副词的最高级。本单元的语法:学习形容词和副词的最高级。本单元的短语和知识点:1.welcome to+地点:欢迎来
18、到某地Welcome to our school.欢迎来我校。2.What do you think of sth?=How dou you like sth?你认为 .怎么样?3.watch sb do sth:看见某人做了某事(= see sb do sth)84.比较级别 +and+ 比较级:越来越 (若比较级为 more+ 形容词原级,则为:more and more 形容词原级) The buildings aretaller and taller. Our school is getting more and morebeautiful.5.around the world全世界
19、=all over the world,such as例如Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show?本单元的话题: 谈论自己对天使节目或电影的喜好, 学会表达自己的感受。本单元的语法:复习一般现在时。本单元的短语和知识点:1. What do you think of sth?=How dou you like sth?你认为 怎么样?What do you think of the movie?你认为这部电影怎么样?Itis boring.很无聊。2.mind doing sth:介意做某事3. news(不可数名词,消息,信息 ) a piece of
20、 good news一条好消息4.learn (sth) fromsb: 向某人学习(某物)5.plan to do sth:计划做某事( plan的过去式 planned, 现在分词 planning)6.hope to do sth:希望做某事8.favorite (形容词,最喜爱的)= likebestMy favorite shows are talk shows.我最喜欢的节目是谈话节9目。 =I like talk shows best.9.expect to do sth: 期待做某事10.think of 认为,想起 Heoften thinks of his teachers
21、.11.in the 1930s: 在二十世纪三十年代( 1930 年至 1939 年)10.12.one of +可数名词复数:之一(该短语放在句首做主语时,后面的动词用单数形式)One of the students has anEnglish dictionary.这些学生中一个人有英语字典。14.luck( 名词,幸运 ,运气 )lucky( 形容词 ,幸运的 )-unlucky (形容词 ,不幸的 )15.be ready to do sth乐意做某事16.try one s best (to dosth ):尽力(做某事)Unit6Im going to study compute
22、r science.本单元的话题:谈论自己将来的计划或打算。本单元的语法:学习一般将来时be going to do sth。本单元的短语和知识点:1.词性转换: science ( 名词,科学 )scientist (名词,科学家) violin (名词, 小提琴) -violinst (名词, 小提琴家) piano (名词,钢琴)- pianist (名词,钢琴家)2.grow up 成长,长大 3.be good at+ 名词 代词 动词 +ing: 擅长 He is good at math,but he isn t good at speaking English. 他擅长数学,但
23、是不擅长说英语。104.keep on doing sth:继续做某事5.be sure about:确信,对 有把握His mother isn t sure about his study. 他的妈妈对他的学习没有把握。6. move to + 地点:搬(家)到某地7. take singingactinglessons 上歌唱课 上表演课 =have singingacting lessons8.send sb sth = send sth to sb寄 送给某人某物His grandfather often sends him money。= His grandfatheroften
24、sends money to him.9. learn to do sth学会做某事10. play the piano弹钢琴 make the soccer team组建足球队 get good grades取得好的成绩eat healthier food吃更健康的食品get lots of exercise进行大量锻炼11. foreign language外国语言12.study hard努力学习 most of the time大多数时间14. get back from+地点:从 回来He will get back fromBeijing in 3 days.at the begi
25、nning of在 开始的时候 , write down写下 /记下,17. different kinds of不同种类的 have to do with关于,与有关系 ,take up开始从事20.too+ 形容词 +to do sth:太 以至于不能 so+ 形容词 +that+ 句子:如此 以至于 11形容词 +enough to do sth:足够 能够做某事(注意三个句型有时可以互相转换)He is so young that he can t go to school他.如此年轻以至于不能去上学。= He is too young to go to school.他太年轻了以至于
26、不能去上学。= He isn t old enough to go to school.22.make sb+形容词:让某人怎么样The good news madeus happy. (注意: news 为不可数名词)23.how to do better at school为 “疑问词 +不定式 ”即 “疑问词+to do sth”He didn t know when to start. 他不知道什么时候开始。 24.go to university 去上大学Unit 7 Will people have robots?本单元的话题:谈论对未来的语言, 学习一般将来时will do st
27、h。本单元的语法:学习一般将来时will do sth。一般将来时由 “助动词 will / shall +动词原型 ”构成,表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语如 tomorrow 、next week ,in 2 days(2 天之后 )等连用。( Shall用于第一人称, will 可以用于各种人称。)(will not=won t)一般疑问句:把肯定句中的will提到句首即可。以上两句的一12般疑问句为:Will you visit the old man next week? Yes,we will.No, wewon t .否定句:把肯定句中的will变
28、为 wont即可。以上两句的否定句为:We won t visit the old man next week. She won t finish thework in 2 weeks.本单元的短语和知识点:1.There be 结构: There be(is/are/was/were)+某物 /某人 +某地/某时“ There be 结构 ”的一般现在时: There is/are+某物 /某人 +某地 /某时There are 600 students in our school.在我们学校有600 个学生。一般过去时: There was/were+某物 /某人 +某地 /某时There
29、was a school ten years ago.一般将来时: There will be+某物 /某人 +某地 /某时 .= There isgoing to be+ 某物 /某人 +某地 /某时 . There will be a sport meeting next week.=There is going to be a sport meetingnext weeek. 下周将有场运动会。2.on computers在电脑上 ,on paper在纸上3.a few + 可数名词复数: 有一些、有几个 a little + 不可数名词:13有一些few + 可数名词复数:几乎没有(表
30、示否定)little+不可数名词:几乎没有(表示否定)many+ 可数名词复数:很多,许多few的比较级是fewer ,little的比较级是lessmuch+ 不可数名词: 很多,许多manymuch的比较级都是moreThere will be less polution in the future.在未来将会有更少的污染。( polution为不可数名词)We should plant more trees.我们应该种更多的树。(tree 为可数名词)There will be fewer cars in the future.在未来将会有更少的汽车。( car 为可数名词)4.in (
31、great )danger在(极度)危险中on the earth在地球上save the earth拯救地球6.in+ 一段时间:在 之后(多用于一般将来时)He will come back in 2 days.两天之后他将回来。 How soonwill he come back?多久他将回来?句型 There isare sb doing sth.有某人正在做某事。There isa cat eating fish.10.hundreds of+名词:成百上千的 ,许多 (表示模糊数字)14本单元的话题:描述做事情的顺序和过程。(数字 + hundred +名词:几百 (表示具体数字)
32、He has hundreds of book.他有很多书。 He bought twohundred books.他买了二百本书。12.at some point:在某些方面free time空闲时间in one sfree time在某人空闲时间Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake?First 首先 ,Next下面 ,Then 然后 ,Finally最后)本单元的语法:复习一般现在时。本单元的短语和知识点:1(P57,1a)turn on打开turn up调大turn off关上turn down调小2.How many+可数名词复数:多少H
33、ow much+不可数名词:多少He has eight books.他有八本书。 How many books doeshe have? 他有多少本书?3. 量词的用法: 不可数名词常用 “数字 +量词 +不可数名词 ”来表示。如:a piece of bread一片面包比较: two pieces of bread两片面包( bread 为不可数名词)a glass of orange一玻璃杯橘子汁one spoon of butter一勺黄油155.one more thing = another one thing基数词+ more +名词 = another +基数词+ 名词:又多少
34、某物He ate anapple,he wanted to eat two more apples.7.It s time (for sb) to do sth是某人该做某事的时间了。It stime for us to have lunch.It s time for sth是该做某事的时间了。 It s time for the class. 是该上课的时候了。Unit 9 Can you come to my party?本单元的话题:学会发出、接受或拒绝邀请。本单元的语法:复习情态动词。本单元的短语和知识点:1.on Saturday afternoon 在星期六下午, 在具体哪一天的
35、是上午、下午或晚上用 on,2. have to必须(后跟动词原形)He has to get up early.他必须早起。 (一般疑问句) Does he get up early? Yes,heNo,he doesn t.(否定句) He doesnt havetoget up early.他没有必要早起。4.sth=want sth想要某物Jim would like a newpen .Would liketo do sth=want to do sth想做某事Hedlike to watch TV.16Would you like to do sth ?你愿意做 .?(用来提出建议
36、或征求对方意见)-would you like to go shopping with me ?你想和我一起去买东西吗?- Yes,I d love to , but Im doing my homework. 我想去 ,但是我现在正在做家庭作业。(=Sorry, I m doing my homework.非常抱歉,我正在做家庭作业。 )5.prepare for sth为 做准备go to the doctor去看病 havethe flu患流感 help my parents给父母帮忙have an exam考试6. until 的用法 :<1> 若动词为延续性动词则用肯定句
37、式He studied until 21:00pm.他一直学习到晚上九点。<2> 若动词为非延续性动词,则用 not .until(.直到。才。)He didn t go to bed until his father came back.他一直到他爸爸回来才上床睡觉。10.study for a math test为数学考试做准备go to the party参加聚会11.What s today?今天几号? Its Monday,the 14th.今天星期一,十四号。补充: what day is it today?今天星期几?it s Monday今天17星期一。Whats
38、the date today?今天几月几日? It s October 20th .今天10月20日。12.go to the doctor去看病have a piano lesson上钢琴课13.look after照看,照料=take care ofShe is old to look after his brother她足够大了能够照看她的弟弟。take good care of =look after well好好照顾,好好照料We should take good care of the children.= We should look after the children wel
39、l.感叹句的类型: What aan+adj+可数名词单数 ( +主语 +谓语)!What +adj+ 可数名词复数 不可数名词 (+主语 +谓语)! What a fine day (it is) ! 多么好的天啊! ( day 为可数名词单数)Whataninteresting book it is !多么有趣的一本书啊!(book 为可数名词单数)What beautiful flowers they are !多么漂亮的花啊! ( flowers为可数名词复数)Whatbadweather it is!多么糟糕的天气啊! ( weather为不可数名词) How +adj + 主语 +
40、(谓语中的)系动词!How +adv + 主18语+(谓语中的)实义动词!How happy I am!我多麽高兴啊!(happy为 adj,am 为系动词)How hard they are working !他们工作多么努力啊!(hard 为adv,work为实义动词)点拨:陈述句改为感叹句,可以采用“一判、二定、三移”。一判:是判断出陈述句谓语动词后的中心词的词性( adj advn);二定:是根据判断出来的结果来确定引导词(中心词为名词用What ;中心词为形容词或副词用How ;)三移:就是把主语和谓语移到后面。注意:在感叹句中,不得出现so,very ,very much等表示程度
41、的单词。例如: Our school is beautiful .一判: beautiful为形容词; 二定: beautiful为形容词, 用 How来引导;三移:把Our school is移到 How beautiful后面,即为感叹句 How beautiful our school is!He is a clever boy.一判:boy 为名词;二定:boy 为名词,用 What 来引导;三移:把 He is 移到 What a clever boy后面,即为感叹句What aclever boy he is! He studies English well.一判: well 为副
42、词;二定: well 为副词,用How来引导;三19移:把 He studies移到 How well后面,即为感叹句How wellhe studies!练习:将下列句子变为感叹句。The room is verybright. We live a happy life today. It is a nicepresent.This is difficult problem. She played thepiano wonderfully.16. )the (best) way to do sth:做某事的(最好)方法17.thanks for+名词 V?ing: 为什么而感谢18.take
43、 atrip 参加郊游, at the end of this month在本月底19.go back to+地点:回到某地He will go back to Beijing in2 days. 两天后他将回北京。20.have a surprise party for sb为某人举办一个惊喜的晚会21.without+名词 代词 V?ing :没有 He can t finish thework without our help.(help 为名词)He went to school without having breakfast.他没有吃早饭就去上学。( have 为动词)24.loo
44、k forward to +名词 代词 V.ing :期待,盼望25.hear from sb.收到某人的来信= receive a letter from sb.27.the opening of:开幕 /开业28. 在具体哪一天的上午、下午、晚上用on, 比较:20in the morning在早晨on Sunday morning在星期天的早晨 29.invite sb to + 地点 :邀请某人去某地( invite -invitation)invite sb to do sth邀请某人做某事31.reply to sth / sb:回答某事 /回答某人go shopping购物, d
45、o homework做家庭作业Unit 10 If you go to the party, youll have a greattime!本单元的话题:谈论事情可能的结果。本单元的语法: 在条件状语从句中, 用一般现在时表示将来即主将从现。If you go to the party,we will have a great time从句(一般现在时)(主句一般将来时)解释:在条件状语从句, 时间状语从句中, 若主句用一般将来时,从句则用一般现在时表示将来- 简称主将从现If it is fine tomorrow,I ll visit shanghai区分 : 宾语从句若主句为一般现在时,
46、从句可以根据需要用任何时态I thinkI ”ll finish the work in 2 days.我认为我在两天内将完成这项工作。主句(一般现在时)宾语从句填空: I think she(come)here tomorrow. Ifhe(come )here,I(call)you.21本单元的短语和知识点:1.have a great /good time玩的开心stay at home呆在家里take the bus乘公交车,go to the party参加晚会tomorrownight明天晚上talk about sth谈论某事have aclass party开班级晚会have a class meeting开班会6.plan to do sth计划做某 They are planning to go shopping.他们正在计划购物。7.( P74,2b )half the class全班一半人,make some food做食物8.ask sb. to do sth请某人做某事My parent
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