人教版八年级英语上时态讲义及练习

1、时态一般现在时一动词变化：一般现在时主要用动词原形表示，但第三人称单数后要加词尾-s，另外be和have有特殊的人称形式。 在加词尾-s时要注意：情况加法例词一般情况加-sreads, writes, says以ch, sh, s, x, 或o收尾的词加-esteaches, washes, guesses, fixes, goes以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词变y为i再加-estrytriescarrycarries二一般现在时表示: (1)表示现在的状态, 例如:Hes twelve. (2)表示经常性的或习惯性的动作, 常与often, usually, sometimes, always,

2、 every day等表示经常性的或习惯性的时间状语连用.例如:I go to school every day. (3)表示主语具备的性格和能力, 例如:She likes apple. （4）表示客观、普遍的真理。Two and four makes six.三 句型1. 肯定句结构: 主语+be动词/行为动词+宾语/表语(1) 行为动词: a. 主语为第一、二人称、复数人称时（I, you, we, they, the boys），主语+动词原形+宾语。 They go to school every day.b.主语为第三人称单数时(it, he,she, Lily)，主语+动词s/e

3、s+宾语。Lily often likes singing.(2)系动词(be): 主语+系动词+表语。 I am. They/We/You are He/She/It is2.否定句结构: 主语+be动词/行为动词+宾语/表语(1) 行为动词: a. 主语为第一、二人称,复数人称时，主语+dont+动词原形。They dont go to school every day.b.主语为第三人称单数时，主语+doesnt +动词原形。Lily doesnt like singing.(2)系动词(be): 主语+is/am/are后加not+表语 I am not a worker.3. 一般疑

4、问句结构:（1）行为动词a. 主语为第一、二人称,复数人称时， Do+they/we/you+动词原形 Do they go to school every day? （Yes, they do. No, they dont.） b.主语为第三人称单数时， Does +he/she/iIt+动词原形 Does Lily often like singing? (Yes, she does. No, she doesnt.)（2) 系动词(be): is/am/are+主语+表语 Are you a worker? (Yes, I am. No, Im not.)4.特殊疑问句结构特殊疑问词（w

5、hat, how often, which, where,who）+一般疑问句？（1）行为动词 What do they do every day? How often does Peter go fishing? （2) 系动词(be):Who is the girl at that gate?一般过去时一动词变化：一般过去时主要表示过去的动作或状态，在句中由主语动词的过去式来表达。构成规则原形过去式一般在动词末尾加-edworkplantplayworkedplantedplayed结尾是e的动词在末尾加-dlikelivechangelikedlivedchanged末尾只有一个辅音字母

6、的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-edplan（计划）stopdropplannedstoppeddropped以辅音字母加y结尾的，先变y为i再加-edcarrystudycrycarriedstudiedcried二一般过去时表示:（1）表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态.常与yesterday, last, ago, in1990等表示过去状态的时间状语连用，如What did you have for breakfast this morning?（2）表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作，这时常和表示频度的状语连用，如Last term we often did ex

7、periments. 三句型1. 肯定句结构:(1) 行为动词: 主语+动词的过去式 The twins went to school two hours ago.(2) 系动词(be): I/ He/She/It+was They/We/You+were I was at home last night.2.否定句结构:(1) 行为动词: 主语+didnt+动词原形 The twins didnt go to school two hours ago.(2)系动词(be): 主语+wasnt/werent+表语。 I wasnt at home last night.3. 一般疑问句结构:(

8、1) 行为动词: Did+主语+动词原形? Did the twins go to school two hours ago? (Yes, they did. No, they didnt.)(2)系动词(be): was/were+主语+表语? Were you at home last night? (Yes, I was. No, I wast.)4.特殊疑问句结构 特殊疑问词（what, how often, which, where,who）+一般疑问句？频度副词：通常用于一般现在时或一般过去时，频率副词常放在行为动词之前，系动词、情态动词或助动词之后。1.常见的频度副词有：alwa

9、ys（总是，一直）、usually（通常）、often（常常，经常）、sometimes（有时候）、never（从不）、hardly ever(几乎从不)、every day(每天)。2.频度副词的位置：a.放在系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。David is often arrives late for school. 大卫上学经常迟到。b.放在行为动词前。We usually go to school at 7:10 every day. 我们每天经常在7：10去上学。c. sometimes可放在句首或句尾，用来表示强调。Sometimes I walk home, and sometim

10、es I rides a bike. 有时我步行回家，有时我骑自行车。3. every day 与 everydaya. every day作状语，译为“每一天”。如：We go to school at 7:10 every day. 我们每天7：10去上学。I decide to read English every day. 我决定每天读英语。b. everyday 作定语，译为“日常的”。She watches everyday English on TV after dinner. 她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。What's your everyday activity? 你的

11、日常活动是什么？ 练习1. How often _ your father _(drink) wine?2. His mother _ (come) to see him once a week.3. Her sister _ (not stay) at home on Sundays.4. Where _ (be) you last night?5. She exercises every day. (划线部分提问) _ _ _she _?6. Jim always does his homework after school.(改为否定句)Jim _ _ his homework afte

12、r school.7. He never goes fishing, _ _?(完成反意疑问句)8. He （go）_to the park every day.9. _ Lucy and Lily （like）_China?10. Li Lei（not like）_ to drink orange soda.11. _Li Mings father （have）_ his lunch at home? 12. Everybody （have）_ a chance to win.13._you make this cake last night? Yes. I did.14.Did Tom _

13、 home at five yesterday? No, he _. He came home at six. 15.What _ you _ at the store? I bought a camera. 16. Were you at home yesterday? Yes, I _. 17. Where did you catch the fish? I _ it in the river near my house. 18.When I _（knock）at his door, he was cooking.19.Tom and I _（am, are, was, were）late

14、 for school yesterday.20.If you want to improve your spoken English, you must speak more _ English _.A. everyday; every day; B. every day; everyday;现在进行时一动词变化：现在进行时由“am /is /are动词现在分词”构成。加-ing的规则如下： （1）一般在动词原形末尾加-ing。 staystayingdodoing listenlisteningsuffersuffering workworkingspendspending lookloo

15、king （2）以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-ing。 makemakingtaketaking givegivingrideriding pleasepleasingrefuserefusing closeclosingoperateoperating （3）以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ing。 putputtingsitsitting runrunningwinwinning beginbeginning二现在进行时表示：（1）表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，这时可以不用时间状语，也可以和now, at present, at the mome

16、nt等时间状语连用。有时用一个动词，如look（看），listen（听）。 What are you reading now? Listen! Someone is singing in the classroom. （2）表示当前一段时期的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 They are working in a factory these days. More and more people are giving up smoking. （3）表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。 现在进行时有时可表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作，即可以用来代替将来时。 When are you leav

17、ing? Are you going to Tibet tomorrow? 三句型1.肯定句结构: 主语+is/am/are+动词-ing例如: The boys are playing football now.2.否定句结构: 在is/am/are后加not例如: The boys arent playing football now.3. 一般疑问句结构: 把is/am/are提在主语前. 例如: Are the boys playing football now? (Yes, they are. No, they arent.)4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句过去进行时一动词变化

18、：过去进行时是表示过去某个具体时刻正在进行的事情或动作，在句中由was/were +doing (现在分词）来表达。二一般过去时表示:（1）过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。常用的时间状语this morning, then, last night, at that time, the whole morning, all day yesterday, when, while。如We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.（2）过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。如：Wh

19、at was she doing at nine o'clock yesterday?（3）在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。如：While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.（4）从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作，限于用go, come, start, leave, stay, arrive等非延续性动词。如：He was leaving the first week in May and staying until July.(5) 与always ,

20、often ,usually 等连用表喜爱，讨厌等感情色彩。如He was always Changing his mind.(6)通常不能用于过去进行时的动词主要有：agree, be, believe, belong, care, forget, hate, have(拥有), hear, know, like, love, mean, mind, notice, own, remember, seem, suppose, understand, want, wish等。例如：误：I was knowing the answer.正：I knew the answer. 我知道答案。误：I

21、 wasn't understanding him.正：I didn't understand him. 我不明白他的意思。（7）用过去进行时表示语气委婉、客气，并不表示过去的时间。如：I was wondering if you could give me a lift. 我不知你能否让我搭一下车。（8）用while连接（while只接doing），when表示（when可以接doing或did，when后动作时间长，用doing，时间短，用did）My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework. I was doing

22、 my homework when my mother came in.三句型1.肯定句结构: 主语+was/were+动词-ing2.否定句结构: 主语+wasnt/werent+动词-ing3. 一般疑问句结构: Was/Were+主语+动词-ing. 4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句四练习1. I _ (telephone) a friend when Bob _ (come) in2. It was quite late at night. George _ (read) and Amy _ (ply) her needle when they _ (hear) a knock

23、at the door.3. The students _ (sing) and _ (dance) happily on the playground at that time.4. I _ (know) you _(wait) for me here.5. She _ (make) her dress the whole afternoon.6. In a letter, john told us that he _ (come) to china next month.7. He asked me if I _ (go) fishing that afternoon.8. -_ they

24、 _ (have) a meeting at 4 yesterday afternoon?-No, they _. They _ (clean) the classroom.9.    He said he _ to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.a. tries            b. tried         

25、  c. was trying          d. will try10. While she _ TV, she _ a sound outside the room.a. was watching, was hearing        b. watched, was hearingc. watched, heard        

26、0;               d. was watching, heard11. What book _ you _ when I _ you at four yesterday afternoon?a. did, read, was seeing                b. did, read,

27、 sawc. were, reading, saw                  d. were, reading, was seeing12.  We _ for Tom at ten last Sunday. He often kept us _.a. were waiting, waiting        b. were waiting, wai

28、t     c. waited, waiting   d. waited, wait13. This time yesterday jack _ his bike. He _ TVa. repaired, didnt watch              b. was repairing, watched        

29、0;   c. repaired, watched              d. was repairing, wasnt watching过去进行时与一般过去时的区别1. 进行时表示动作在持续或未完成，一般时表示某一动作已经完成。 I was reading the book at that time. (不一定读完) I read the book yesterday. (已读完)2、一般过去时表示只做一次动作，而过去进行时表示动

30、作反复进行，与持续时间状语连用。It was raining all night. He was writing a letter the whole of afternoon. (短暂动词与持续时间连用，表反复、连续发生，不可用一般过去时)3、while 时间状语从句中用短暂动词时，只能用进行时。He broke a chair while he was jumping up and down.4、While 所在主从句动作大致持续相等时，主从句一般都用进行时；但若是持续动词可都用一般过去时；两个动作一长一短时，短暂动作用一般时，延续动作用进行时。I was cooking the dinn

31、er while he was playing the piano.(平行)I cooked the dinner while he played the piano.I saw him while I was walking to the station.5. 进行时态只用于表示显然是连续不断的动作。如果把动作分割开，或者说出其发生的次数，就必须用一般过去时：I talked to Tom several times我跟汤姆谈过几次话。 Tom washed both cars 汤姆把两辆汽车都洗了。6.并行的两个动作可以都用进行时态来表示： Between one and two I wa

32、s doing the shopping and walking the dog一点到两点之间我在购物、遛狗。 这样用的进行时态通常和某些时间状语如 today，last night，in the afternoon连用。这些时间状语可以看做是表示某一时刻，也可以看做是表示某一段时间。 英语中有四类动词一般不用进行时（不用现在进行时和过去进行时）1.表心理状态、情感的动词，如love ,hate ,like ,care ,respect ,please ,prefer ,know 等，若用进行时则词意改变。Im forgetting it . (=beginning to forget )2.

33、表存在、状态的动词，如appear ,exist ,lie ,remain ,stand ,seem等3.表感觉的动词，如see ,hear ,feel ,smell ,sound ,taste等.4.表一时性的动词，如accept ,allow ,admit ,decide ,end ,refuse ,permit ,promise等。一般将来时一动词变化：一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。常与tomorrow， next 引导的短语（如next week），this引导的短语（如this year）， from now on；in the futu

34、re等连用。二一般将来时的用法（1）Will/Shall+ 动词原形 表示将要发生的动作或情况。a. I will (shall) arrive tomorrow.我明天到。 b. Will you be free tonight? 你今晚有空吗？在一般将来时的句子中，有时有表示将来时间的状语，有时没有时间状语，这时要从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况。如： Well only stay for two weeks. 我们只待两星期。在以第一人称I或we作主语的问句中，一般使用助动词shall，这时或是征求对方的意见，或是询问一个情况： Shall we have any classes to

35、morrow?明天我们有课吗？ 在这类问句中，近年来也有不少人用will，特别是在美国。例如：How will I get there? 我怎么去？（2）be going to+动词原形 表示打算、准备做的事。如： We are going to put up a building here.我们打算在这里盖一座楼。 表示即将发生或肯定要发生的事。如： I think it is going to snow. 我看要下雪了。 Theres going to be a lot of trouble about this. 这事肯定会有很多麻烦。 “will”句型与“be going to”句型区

36、别。前者表示纯粹将来，后者表示打算、计划、准备做的事情，更强调主语的主观意愿。如： Tomorrow will be Saturday. 明天是周六了。We are going to visit Paris this summer.今年夏天我们打算游览巴黎。（3）用现在进行时表示。表示位置转移的动词（如：go, come, leave, start, come, go, arrive, reach等），可用现在进行时态表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。如： Uncle Wang is coming. 王叔叔就要来了。 Theyre leaving for Beijing. 他们即将前往北京。I&#

37、39;m leaving for Beijing. 我要去北京。(4）用一般现在时表示。某些词，如come, go, leave, arrive, start, get, stay, live, fly等的一般现在时也可表示根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作. The new term starts (begins) on August 29th. 新学期八月二十九日开学。He gets off at the next stop.他下一站下车The train leaves at 12:00. 火车12点开出。当主句为将来时态或表示将来意义时，时间和条件的状语从句必须用一般现在时表将来。如： I

38、f it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go out for a picnic. 如果明天不下雨，我们将出去野餐。 Turn off the lights before you leave. 走前关灯。Ill write to her when I have time. 我有空会给她写信。(5）“be to+动词原形”和 “be about to+动词原形”表示将来。“be to+动词原形”表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见。例如： Are we to go on with this work? 我们继续干吗？ The boy is to go to school

39、 tomorrow.这个男孩明天要去上学。 He is to visit Japan next year. 明年他将访问日本。“be about to+动词原形”表示即将发生的动作，意为：很快，马上。后面一般不跟时间状语。We are about to leave.我们马上就走。 I am about to get up, mum. 妈妈,我立刻就起床。三句型1. 肯定句结构:(1)用于书面语: 主语+will+动词例如: We will come to see you tomorrow(2)用于口语: 主语+am/is/are going to+动词例如: Tom is going to s

40、ee his uncle next Sunday.2.否定句结构:(1)用于书面语: 在will后加not例如: We wont come to see you tomorrow. (will not=wont)(2)用于口语: 在is/am/are后加not.例如: Tom isn going to see his uncle next Sunday.3. 一般疑问句结构:(1)用于书面语: 把will提在主语前.例如: Will you come to see you tomorrow? (Yes, we will. No, we wont.)(2)用于口语: 把is/am/are提在主语

41、前.例如: Is Tom going to see his uncle next Sunday? (Yes, he is. No, he isnt.)4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？四练习1. I _（leave）in a minute. I _（finish）all my work before I _ （leave）.2. I _（be）tired. I _（go）to bed early tonight.3. They _ ( not have ) any classes next week. 4. They _(not leave) until you come back.5.

42、  There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.        A. will be going to       B. will going to be C. is going to be     D. will go to be6.  _ you _ free tomorrow? No. I _ free the day after tomorrow.A

43、. Are; going to; will   B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be   D. Are; going to be; will be7. Lets go out to play football, shall we? OK. I _.        A. will coming      B. be going to come C. co

44、me        D. am coming8.  _ a concert next Saturday?     A. There will be      B. Will there be C. There can be     D. There are9. If it _ tomorrow, well go roller-skating.A. isnt rain  

45、;    B. wont rain C. doesnt rain       D. doesnt fine10. Will his parents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow?        No, _ .          A. they willnt.   

46、;    B. they wont. C. they arent.       D. they dont.11. The train _ at 11.  A. going to arrive      B. will be arrive C. is going to        D. is arriving12. He _ there at ten tomorrow morn

47、ing.          A. will           B. is C. will be          D. be13. _ open the window?       A. Will you please   &#

48、160;   B. Please will you C. You please         D. Do you 14. Where is Miss Wang? She went to Hainan Island last week and will return _ six days. A. ago B. later C. behind D. in 15. When _ again? -When he _, Ill let you know.A. he comes ;comes B. wil

49、l he come;will comeC. he comes ;will he come D. will he come;comes时态练习题( ) 1 -He came early this morning, didn't he?-Yes, he did. He often_ to school early. A. come B. comes C. came D. has come( ) 2 The sun _ in the east and_ in the west. A. raises; set B. rise; sets C. rises; sets D. rises; set

50、( ) 3. -I usually have milk and bread for breakfast. What about you, Jim?-So do I, but my sister _.A. hasn't B. doesn't C. didn't D. won't( ) 4 -That ten pound note belongs to me.-_.A. Yes, it belongs B. No, it doesn't C. Yes, it is D. No, it isn't( ) 5 She will go if it _ to

51、morrow.A. isn't rain B. don't rain C. doesn't rain D. didn't rain( ) 6 -_ he _ to work on foot?-Yes, he_.A. Do; go; do B. Does; go; does C. Is; going; does D. Does; go; is( ) 7 How _ it in English?A. you say B. do you say C. to speak D. about talk( ) 8 _ you _ how to get the bus stop

52、?A. Have; know B. Do; know C. Are; knowing ' D. /; know( ) 9. I _ what the old man said is right.A. am thinking B. is thought C. think D. thought( ) 10. Could you ring me up as soon as he _?A. arrived B. would arrive C. arrives D. will arrive( ) 11. Our classes_at 7: 30 tomorrow morning. A. begi

53、n B. begins C. is beginning D. were beginning( ) 12. The train _ at five this afternoon.A. leave B. leaving C. leaves D. are leaving( ) 13. The train from Tianjin _ an hour ago.A. arrived B. has arrived C. was arriving D. arrived at() 14. He lived there before he _ to China.A. come B. comes C. came

54、D. coming( ) 15. A girl _ the wallet and _.A. found; turns it in B. would find; has turned in it C. found; turned it in D. has found; turned in it( ) 16. I _ the blackboard but _ nothing on it.A. looked at; saw B. have looked; saw C. saw; looked at D. was looking at; was seeing( ) 17. When _to learn

55、 English?A. does she begin B. did she begin C. has she begun D. she began( ) 18. My younger brother_ the army_ 1990. A. joined; at B. joined; in C. has joined; in D. has joined; since( ) 19. -Did you wait for your father very long?-Yes, I _ to bed until two in the morning. A. did go B. didn't go

56、 C. had gone D. went( ) 20. The students hardly studied the English language, _ they?A. did B. didn't C. were D. weren't( ) 21. He came in, _ his coat and sat down.A. took down B. took off C. taking down D. taking off( ) 22. When he was a child, he_ in the garden in the morning. A. always plays B. always played C. plays always D. played always( ) 23. He is good at maths and he _ hard.A. always study B. always is studying C. is always studying D. studies always( ) 24. When he was young he _ swim in the river.A. used B. used to C. uses D. use( ) 25. Oh, you a