m3u2_Reading语言点讲解

1、 1. 问题是我们找不到合适的时间。问题是我们找不到合适的时间。 The problem was that we couldnt find a suitable time. 2. 我们学校不再是以前的样子了。我们学校不再是以前的样子了。 Our school is no longer what it used to be. 3. 这是鲁迅曾经生活过的地方。这是鲁迅曾经生活过的地方。 That is where Lu Xun once lived. The traditional view is _ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to ma

2、ke us do so. （2007上海）上海） A. when B. why C. whether D. thatEach class in our school is made up of fifty-five students.be made up of由由组成（主动为组成（主动为make up)Fifty-five students make up each class in our school.我们学校每个班由我们学校每个班由55名学生组成。名学生组成。1. 编造编造 Make up a story.2. 补足补足,弥补弥补 我们需要五十元以弥补损失。我们需要五十元以弥补损失。 W

3、e need $50 to make up the loss. 3. 化装化装 她花了一个多小时才打扮好。她花了一个多小时才打扮好。 It took her more than an hour to make herself up.Someone is coming, but I cant make out who it is.Can you make this length of cloth into a suit? Its the sort of work that _ a high level of concentration. (2007山山东）东） A. calls for B. m

4、akes up C. lies in D. stands for Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and _ jokes（2005江苏）江苏） A. turning up B. putting up C. making up D. showing upeachThey each have an English dictionary.=Each of them has an English dictionary.Therere many tall buildings on each/ either

5、 side of the street.注意注意主谓语单复数的不同及原因主谓语单复数的不同及原因注意注意不可用不可用every, every用于三用于三者或三者以上。者或三者以上。 侵入侵入,侵略侵略 诺曼人于诺曼人于1066年入侵英国。年入侵英国。The Normans invaded England in 1066. 侵犯侵犯,侵扰侵扰 侵犯某人的权利侵犯某人的权利 invade sbs rights 拥入拥入,大批进入大批进入这个城市涌来了一批游客。这个城市涌来了一批游客。 The town was invaded by a crowd of tourists. (疾病等疾病等)侵袭侵袭

6、这种疾病侵袭了他的身体。这种疾病侵袭了他的身体。The disease invaded his body.invasion n. 使混和使混和,搀和搀和,混淆混淆,搞混搞混mix joy with sorrow.Oil doesnt mix with water. 喜悲交集喜悲交集油和水不能混合。油和水不能混合。Its certain that 肯定肯定,一定（此处不可用一定（此处不可用sure）他明天肯定会来。他明天肯定会来。Its certain that he will come tomorrow.He is sure /certain to come tomorrow.be certa

7、in / sure of / about 对对有把握有把握在英语学习方面他对语法把握不大。在英语学习方面他对语法把握不大。He is not certain/ sure of grammar in English learning.某一位某一位,某个某个 A certain Mr. Li called on you yesterday. consist of / be made up of 由由构成构成;包含包含这个研究小组由两名中国科学家和三名美国专这个研究小组由两名中国科学家和三名美国专家组成。家组成。The research team consists of two Chinese sc

8、ientists and three American experts.联合王国包括大不列颠与北爱尔兰。联合王国包括大不列颠与北爱尔兰。The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.plus:加，加上（介词）加，加上（介词）added toTwo plus five is seven.1. It is quite difficult to find ones family history.2. Do you consider it necessary to send more people to help t

9、hem? 3. It was at midnight that he heard a crying softly.The chairman thought _necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting . （2005全国）全国）A. that B. it C. this D. himIt wasnt until nearly a month later _ I received the managers reply. （2005全国）全国）A. since B. when C. as D. that The docto

10、r advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but _ didnt help.（ 2005全国全国III ）Ait BsheCwhichDHeIt was some time _ we realized the truth. （2005山东）山东）A. when B. until C. since D. before3. The most important contribution was form the Normans, a French-speaking people who defeated England and

11、tool control of the country in 1066. (Lines 26-27) 最大的贡献来自于讲法语的诺曼人，他们最大的贡献来自于讲法语的诺曼人，他们 于于1066年击败英格兰并控制了这个国家。年击败英格兰并控制了这个国家。句中句中a French-speaking people是是the Normans 的同位语；的同位语；who引导一个定语从引导一个定语从句，修饰句，修饰people。contribution在这里的意在这里的意思为：贡献，推动作用。思为：贡献，推动作用。4. However, the Norman Conquest did not affect E

12、nglish as much as the Angles and the Saxons victory about 600 years earlier, which led to Old English replacing Celtic. (Line 28-30) 然而，诺曼征服对英语的影响并不及约然而，诺曼征服对英语的影响并不及约600年年 前盎格鲁人和撒克逊人的前盎格鲁人和撒克逊人的 胜利对英语的影胜利对英语的影 响，那场胜利导致古英语替代了凯尔特语。响，那场胜利导致古英语替代了凯尔特语。句中句中which引导一个非限制性定语从句，引导一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为先行词为victory，

13、翻译非限制性定语从句，翻译非限制性定语从句时，可以将其单独翻译。短语时，可以将其单独翻译。短语led to的意思的意思是：导致。是：导致。5. Even though the Normans spoke French for the entire 250 years they ruled England, French did not replace English as the first language. (Lines 30-31) 尽管诺曼人在统治英格兰的整整尽管诺曼人在统治英格兰的整整250年间一直年间一直 讲法语，但是法语并没有取代英语成为第一讲法语，但是法语并没有取代英语成为第一

14、 语言。语言。本句是主从复合句，本句是主从复合句，even though的意思是的意思是“尽管，虽然尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句，该，引导让步状语从句，该从句还包含一个定语从句，即从句还包含一个定语从句，即they ruled England，修饰，修饰the entire 250 years。Scanning to get detailed informationHow is the English language developed?CelticLanguages of Germanic groupsOld EnglishOld EnglishLanguages of VikingsO

15、ld EnglishOld EnglishOld EnglishFrenchMiddle EnglishMiddle EnglishWhat are the words for these animals and their meat? pork/ baconbeefmuttoncowsheeppigMiddle EnglishLatin and GreekModern EnglishModern English1. When we read a history article, what should we notice?2. Think about the meanings: nowada

16、ys, occupy, mixture, official contribution, defeat, replace, process make up, consist of, aside from take control of, mother tongue, Guess the meanings of Ill raise both hands in favour of your idea. They raised their output by more than half in less than three years. Parents hope to raise their chi

17、ldren to be decent men and women. The workers went on strike for a raise.vt. 提起提起; 举起举起; 竖起竖起 vt. 增加增加; 提升提升 vt. 抚养抚养; 饲养饲养 n. (工资、薪金的工资、薪金的)提升提升, 增加增加 翻译下列句子，理解更多翻译下列句子，理解更多raise的意思。的意思。 他进来的时候，她从报纸上抬起双眼。他进来的时候，她从报纸上抬起双眼。2. 更好的培训将提高劳动效率。更好的培训将提高劳动效率。3. 这个老人喜欢养兔子。这个老人喜欢养兔子。4. 会上提出了许多反对意见。会上提出了许多反对意见

18、。5. 别冲我嚷嚷，年轻人别冲我嚷嚷，年轻人!6. 大家举杯祝贺新娘和新郎。大家举杯祝贺新娘和新郎。She raised her eyes from the newspaper when he came in.Better training will raise the efficiency of the workforce.The old man likes raising rabbits.A number of objections were raised at the meeting.Dont raise your voice to me, young man!Raise your gl

19、asses to the bride and groom.Individual activityQuiz I: Multiple choice. Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients _ name, not case number. (2010江西江西)A. ofB. as C. byD. withThe doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good _. (2010江苏江

20、苏)A. expectation B. reputation C. contribution D. civilizationIt was believed that smoking had contributed to his early death.人们相信是抽烟使他过早死亡。人们相信是抽烟使他过早死亡。1) 为造成某一结果而作出贡献；为造成某一结果而作出贡献； 促成促成的因素：的因素：锻炼能促成更强健的体魄。锻炼能促成更强健的体魄。Exercise contributes to better health.Many people are willing to contribute thei

21、r money to Hope Project.2) 捐捐(款款);捐献捐献;投稿投稿 contribute/donate to He contributed an article to China Daily.许多人愿意把他们的钱捐赠给希望工程。许多人愿意把他们的钱捐赠给希望工程。他为他为中国日报中国日报撰写了一篇文章。撰写了一篇文章。contribution n.make great contributions to对对作出巨大贡献作出巨大贡献 under control 在控制之下在控制之下; out of control 失去控制失去控制 lose control of 失去控制失去控

22、制 The English conquered this country and took control of it. 英国人征服了这个国家并掌控了它。英国人征服了这个国家并掌控了它。 The fire lasted half an hour before it was under control. 大火持续了半小时才得到控制。大火持续了半小时才得到控制。 He lost control of the plane. 他控制不了飞机了。他控制不了飞机了。1) 代替（代替（take the place of)Electric lights have replaced candles. 电灯已经取

23、代了蜡烛。电灯已经取代了蜡烛。2) 放回原处放回原处报纸读完后请放回原处。报纸读完后请放回原处。When you have finished reading the newspaper, please replace it.despite prep.= in spite of 不管不管,尽管尽管,任凭任凭尽管他病了，他还去上班。尽管他病了，他还去上班。He went to work despite his illness.尽管他年事已高，他还在学驾驶。尽管他年事已高，他还在学驾驶。Despite the advanced years, he is learning to drive.虽然他花费

24、了许多时间虽然他花费了许多时间,但是他就是不擅长音乐。但是他就是不擅长音乐。He is not good at music despite the fact that he has spent much time on it. Despite such a big difference in _ towards what one eats, there is no doubt that people in the west regard the Chinese food as something special. (2007湖北）湖北） A. point B. idea C. attitude

25、D. sighthave an impact on 对对有影响有影响他的思想对他后来的研究有很大影响。他的思想对他后来的研究有很大影响。His ideas had a great impact on the research afterwards.那一刻他的话对你有怎样的影响那一刻他的话对你有怎样的影响?What kind of impact did his words have on you at that moment?result in=lead to/cause 导致导致结果结果他的粗心致使比赛失败了。他的粗心致使比赛失败了。His carelessness resulted in t

26、he loss of the game.result from由于由于而产生而产生;作为作为.的结果的结果Sickness often results from eating too much.因为吃得太多而病了。因为吃得太多而病了。as a result of 由于由于的结果的结果as a result结果结果 由于下大雨由于下大雨,我们得呆在家里我们得呆在家里. We had to stay at home as a result of the heavy rain. =It rained heavily. As a result, we had to stay at home. As a

27、 result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area . (2007陕西陕西) A. need repairing B. needs to repair C. needs repairing D. need to repair At this point, many English people worked as servants who raised animals and cooked for the Normans. 在此期间在此期间, 很多英国人沦为诺曼人的仆人很多英国人沦为诺曼人的仆人, 他们为诺

28、曼人饲养牲畜他们为诺曼人饲养牲畜, 给他们做饭。给他们做饭。 raise v.饲养饲养; 养育养育 How did you manage to raise such a big family on such small income? 你是如何设法用这么少的收入养活这么你是如何设法用这么少的收入养活这么一个大家庭的。一个大家庭的。Raise your right hand if you can answer my question.In order to make everyone hear him clearly, he raised his voice.They are going to

29、raise money for the school buildings.at this/that point 在这时在这时/那时那时举起举起提高提高筹集筹集就在那时我认出他来了。就在那时我认出他来了。At that point, I recognized him.vt. 采用采用;采纳采纳;吸收吸收校长决定采纳她的建议。校长决定采纳她的建议。The headmaster decided to adopt her suggestions.他采用了我们的教学方法。他采用了我们的教学方法。He adopted our methods of teaching. 过继过继,收养收养 许多美国家庭收养孩

30、子。许多美国家庭收养孩子。Many American families adopt children. Students are not allowed to talk in class. Our class is made up of 54 students.Most people in Japan think they belong to the middle class. She belonged to that class of people, who only think of themselves.The school is very famous, in fact, I thin

31、k it is among the first-class schools. English was adopted by all classes.undergo-underwent-undergonevt. (1) 经历经历;经受经受;忍受忍受在取得成功之前你可能得忍受失望和失败之苦。在取得成功之前你可能得忍受失望和失败之苦。You may have to undergo disappointment and failure before achieving success. (2) 接受接受(治疗治疗,检查等检查等) 所有新来的都要接受体检。所有新来的都要接受体检。All the fres

32、hmen will undergo a medical examination. 相信相信;信赖信赖(+on/upon)你可以相信他。你可以相信他。You can depend on him.Jane is a person to be depended upon. 依靠依靠,依赖依赖 (+on/upon) 好的身体要靠优质的食品好的身体要靠优质的食品,新鲜的空气和足新鲜的空气和足够的睡眠。够的睡眠。Health depends on good food, fresh air and enough sleep. - Are you going? - It all depends. =It /

33、That / depends.It depends on whether you want to do it or not. ( (口语口语) )看情况看情况依依.而定而定;取决于取决于 (+on/upon) 价格取决于质量。价格取决于质量。The price depends on the quality. Choosing the right dictionary depends on _ you want to use it for. (2007江苏）江苏） A. what B. why C. how D. whether Could I use your computer for a f

34、ew moments, please? . Im not using it myself. （2007陕西）陕西）A. Come on B. It dependsC. Go ahead D. Thats great1. 这就是为何英语是一种有许多令人困惑这就是为何英语是一种有许多令人困惑不解的规则的语言。不解的规则的语言。2. 英语是由每个进入不列颠的人群所说语英语是由每个进入不列颠的人群所说语言中的规则和词汇构成的。言中的规则和词汇构成的。Thats why English is a language with so many confusing rules.The English lang

35、uage is made up of the rules and vocabulary each group of people brought to Britain with them.3. 他们分别有自己的语言，盎格鲁他们分别有自己的语言，盎格鲁-撒克撒克逊就是在这三种语言与凯尔特语相交汇逊就是在这三种语言与凯尔特语相交汇的过程中发展起来的。的过程中发展起来的。They each had their own language and Anglo-Saxon developed from mixing these languages with Celtic.4. 他们所创造的语言就是我们今天

36、所称他们所创造的语言就是我们今天所称的古英语。的古英语。The language they created is what we now call Old English.5. 事实上如果我们现在听了古英语也肯定事实上如果我们现在听了古英语也肯定听不懂了。听不懂了。6. 这是因为英语中有许多对单词和词组有这是因为英语中有许多对单词和词组有相近的意思。相近的意思。In fact it is certain that we would not be able to understand it if we heard it today.This is because many pairs of wo

37、rds and phrases have similar meanings in English.7. 很多因素使得英语发展成这种新的类型。很多因素使得英语发展成这种新的类型。8. 早期的侵略后，凯尔特语被替换成英语。早期的侵略后，凯尔特语被替换成英语。9. 法语却没有取代英语而成为英国的第一语法语却没有取代英语而成为英国的第一语言。言。Many factors contributed to the development of this new type of English.After the earlier invasion, Celtic had been replaced with

38、English.French did not replace English as the first language.10. 尽管这一事实，法语还是对英语产生尽管这一事实，法语还是对英语产生了巨大的影响。了巨大的影响。Despite this fact, French still had an impact on the English language.11. 在这期间，许多英语人成为诺曼人的在这期间，许多英语人成为诺曼人的仆人，为他们饲养牲畜，给诺曼人做饭。仆人，为他们饲养牲畜，给诺曼人做饭。At this point, many English people worked as se

39、rvants who raised animals and cooked for the Normans.12. 在诺曼人控制之后，单词变复数又被在诺曼人控制之后，单词变复数又被法语中单词变复数的方法所取代。法语中单词变复数的方法所取代。13. 到到14世纪后半叶，英国各阶层都使用世纪后半叶，英国各阶层都使用了英语。了英语。After the Normans took control this was replaced by the French way of making plurals.By the latter half of the 14th century, English was

40、adopted by all classes in England.14. 由于这个原因，近代英语包括了许多拉丁由于这个原因，近代英语包括了许多拉丁词汇和希腊词汇。词汇和希腊词汇。15. 在此期间，英语发音也经历了巨大变化。在此期间，英语发音也经历了巨大变化。16. 英语在未来是不是还要继续变化这个问题英语在未来是不是还要继续变化这个问题其实很容易回答。其实很容易回答。Because of this, Modern English includes many Latin and Greek words.Pronunciation also underwent huge changes duri

41、ng this period.The question of whether English will continue changing in the future is easy to answer.17. 一个人来自什么地方也会影响到其说一个人来自什么地方也会影响到其说话风格。话风格。18. 可以肯定的是，这样的变化过程还会可以肯定的是，这样的变化过程还会持续，人们还会不断发明新的词汇和新持续，人们还会不断发明新的词汇和新的表达法。的表达法。Where a person comes from will affect their style of speech.It is certain that this proce