医学英语期末考试题型及复习范围

1、医学英语期末考试题型及复习范围:1.An error of interpretation of this sort makes the experimental scientist cautions about giving biological significance to a sex difference when the observation is made in only one society at one period. 这一类解释上的错误使实验者在解读特定社会、特定时期两性区别的生物学意义时变得谨慎小心。And these remarks are not made to de

2、ny the existence of biological differences but only to encourage caution in interpreting observations.说这些话的用意,不在否认两性生物学差异的存在,而只是为了提倡对观察结果进行解读时多加小心。2.Drug testing employs various laboratory techniques to detect even minute traces of the metabolic breakdown products of marijuana,cocaine, and many kind

3、s of prescription drugs.药物检测使用各种化验技术来查验极少量的大麻、可卡因以及多种处方药的代谢分解产物。If a person takes a drug overdose and loses consciousness and no one is sure which drug was consumed, physicians quickly test the urine to identify the drug and determine the best treatment for saving the patients life.如果一个人过量服药而失去知觉,又没

4、有人确知他服用了何种药物,医生能很快地进行尿检得以确认,并决定拯救病人生命的最佳治疗方案Two additional uses testing athletes and employees for drug use in the playing field or on the job are currently quite controversial.两个额外的用途在运动场上或工作上,测试运动员和员工药物使用的目前颇有争议。3.Chymes volume and composition affect how fast the stomach empties. For example, larg

5、e meals activate more stomach receptors, these call for more forceful contraction, and emptying speeds up.食糜的量和组成影响到胃的排空速度。比如说,大量进食触发更多的胃壁感觉器官,感觉器官引来更强有力的收缩,排空的速度就加快了。4.Closely associated with the urinary system is the reproductive system,by which human life is carried on to future generations. Sper

6、m cells are produced in the testicles of the male and ejaculated through the penis into the female vagina. The fertilization of the females ovum (egg by the males sperm is called conception. It usually occurs in one of the fallopia n tubes, which the sperm reaches through active movement from the pl

7、ace of deposition. Normally, the fertilized egg then travels to the uterus where it becomes an embryo,is implanted,and develops for about 280 days(until childbirth.与泌尿系统紧密联系的是生殖系统,通过生殖系统人类生命得以世代延续。精子细胞在男性的睾丸里产生,并通过阴茎射精进入女性阴道。女性的卵子与男性的精子结合叫受精。受精通常发生在其中一条输卵管中,精子从存放处通过主动的运动到达输卵管。在正常情况下,受精卵接着游移到子宫,在此植入并

8、变成胚胎,然后发育约280天左右。6.Although all pathogens pose potential threats if they gain entry to the body, the chances of this occurring are actually quite small.虽然所有病原体若进入人体都会造成潜在的威胁,但这种情况发生的可能性却相当小They must first overcome a number of effective barriers, many of which were established in the body prior to bi

9、rth.它们必须克服多道有效的屏障,其中许多是在出生之前就已确定的。7. Another packages the manufactured protein for transport wherever needed in the body.另一个将制成的蛋白质加以整理,以输送到身体需要的任何地方。8.Confusion, memory loss, and inability to distinguish reality and fantasy are all symptoms that can be caused by damage to the brain.困惑,失忆,分不清真实和幻想(痴

10、呆,这些症状都可因大脑损伤而出现。10.Bounding the cytoplasm is the cell membrane, which keeps the cell contents in and undesirable material out.包裹着细胞质的是细胞膜,它将细胞内含物包容于细胞之内,将不需之物排斥于外,而又允许适当的营养物和废物通过。11.Physicians can often detect or predict heart problems by measuring the rate of the heartbeat (called the pulse and by

11、 taking the patients blood pressure.通过测量心跳的速度(脉搏和病人的血压,医生常常能察觉和预测心脏问题。12.Vitamin C is supposed to improve short-term memory, some claim, as well as “cure”schizophrenia and depression. Studies ruled out its effect on the former.维生素 C 被认为能改善短期记忆,一些人声称,如"治愈"精神分裂症和抑郁症。研究排除了它对前者的影响。13. Such a s

12、tressful state may also make a person more vulnerable to other factors present, influencing the integrity of the immune system, food behaviors, and nutritional status.这样紧张的状态也可能使人更容易受到其他因素存在,影响免疫系统的完整性,食物的行为,和营养状况14.In countries where modern medical facilities are available, infectious diseases that

13、 wereonce widespread killers can now be prevented or diagnosed early and cured.在现代医疗设施可用的国家,曾经广泛的传染病杀手现在可以预防或早期诊断和治愈Thanks to vaccines, antibiotics, and improved sanitation, most of the dreaded epidemics of the past are not likely to recur.由于有了疫苗、抗生素,以及公共卫生条件的改善,过去那些令人谈虎色变的流行病,多数不大可能卷土重来。15.All the

14、specialized scientific views of the body are valid. All, however, must start from the same premise: an awareness of the bodys basic structure and functionsits anatomy andphysiology. And the bedrock principle of our present understanding of the body is that all living matter is composed of cells basi

15、cally similar in structure and function.所有有关人体的专业科学的观点都是有意义的,然而,所有的这些都必须从同一个前提开始:那就是对研究人体的基本结构和功能的解剖学和生理学的认识。我们对身体的了解的基本原则是,所有生物都是由结构和功能基本相似的细胞构成的。17.Studies of the cellwhat it is , what it does and how it reproduces itself have revealed it to be a fantastically complex world in itself. One of the m

16、ajor wonders of the cell is the disparity between its minuteness and the prodigiousness of its activity. Each cell is so tiny that millions of them may be found in a half-inch cube of human body tissue. Yet each comprises an almost unimaginably busy chemical laboratory with a highly ordered division

17、 of labor.(关于细胞的研究细胞是什么,它是干什么的和如何复制的已经显露出细胞本身那令人难以置信的复杂世界。细胞的一个主要的神奇之处在于其体积的微细与其活性之间的巨大差距。每个细胞是如此渺小,以至于数以万计的细胞有可能被发现在一个半英寸立方体大小的人体组织中。然而,每个细胞都堪比一个繁忙到难以想象的并有着高度的分工的化学实验室。18.The human body is a remarkably complex and efficient machine. It takes in and absorbs oxygen through the respiratory system. The

18、n the oxygen-enriched blood is distributed through the cardiovascular system to all tissues. The digestive system converts digestible food to energy and disposes of the rest. The skeletal-muscular system gives form to the body. And covering almost the entire mass is the skin, the largest organ of th

19、e body. The science of the structure of this complicated” machine” is called anatomy.(人体是一个非常复杂并且有效的机器。它通过呼吸系统吸入并且吸收氧气。然后这富含氧的血液通过心血管系统被分布到所有的组织。消化系统将易消化的食物转变成能量并且将剩下的不易消化的食物处理掉。骨骼肌系统组成了人体的形态。覆盖这整个躯体的是皮肤,它是身体最大的器官。研究这架复杂机器结构的科学被称为“解剖学”。19. One of the major systems is the skeletal-muscular system. Th

20、e body is supported and given shape by this structure, consisting of more than 200 bones and the muscles and tendons which are connected to them. They are strong but can bend at their joins. They also serve as a shield, protecting the vital internal organs from injury.(主要的系统之一是这个骨骼肌系统。人体由这个结构作支撑并构成轮

21、廓,这一结构由200多块骨头和与之相连的肌肉和腱组成。它们非常的坚韧但是能够在关节内弯曲。它们也能提供像防护物的作用,保护内部器官免受伤害。20. An individual with this condition will probably have a tendency to be nervous, jittery and overactive, with a pounding heart and labored respiration, able to gorge and yet still lose weight, as though all the body fires were b

22、urning out of control.这种病症的患者常显得紧张、惶恐不安、过分激动;心跳加速、呼吸用力、暴饮暴食却体重下降,仿佛体内之火的燃烧失去了控制。21.If you are exposed to an organism, either during your day-to-day life or through vaccination, you will eventually develop an active acquired immunity to that organism. Your body will produce its own antibodies, and, in most cases, you will not have to worry