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1、赖世雄美语从头学 -初级篇(下 )1. Light up 点火 (不及物动词) You can t light up here , smoking isnt allowedput out 熄灭2. It is no use + doing是没有用的It's no use talking to her pay a heavy price付出惨痛 /很大的代价3. Stop + doing 停止正在做的事情John stopped talking to me when his father walked inStop + to do 停下去做另一件事John stopped to talk

2、 to me when he saw me 约翰看到我时便停下来与我说话4. Try + doing 尝试/试试 一 Don 1 try swimming alone in the riverTry + to do 设法要Ill try to call you later today5. 关系代词一共有who 、 whom 、 which 、 that 、 whose 五个,均视为连词,引导定语从句。该从句视为形容词,修饰之前的名词,下面分别说明各关系代词的用法(关系代词均应紧邻被代替的名词之后) :1) Who 、 whom :这两个关系代词专门修饰人,换言之, who 、 whom 之前一

3、定有一个表示人的名词。 Who 在从 句中作主语, whom 则作宾语。John is my good friend who never liesJohn is my good friend whom I trusted2) Which : which 是用以代替除人以外一切事物(如动物、植物、静物、地方、概念等) 的关系代词,在所引导的定语从句中,可作主语或宾语。使用时之前一定要有可被代替( 除人以外) 的名词。He doesn t study , which makes his father angryHe lives in Shanghai , which I want to visit

4、 soon3) Whose : whose 是所有格关系代词, 代替 his、 her、 their 、 its 等人或物的所有格代词。 Whose 之后应置名词, 即“ whose + 名词” 。 “whose + 名词”在所引导的定语从句中可作主语或宾语。He is John , whose father is my teacherHe is John , whose son I used to teach4) That : that 亦可作关系代词,可等于who 、 whom 或 which 。但 that 之前不可置逗号。 Who 、 whom 或 which之前则视需要置逗号或不置逗

5、号。He is the man whom you can trust = He is the man that you can trust6. 关系代词的限制性修饰及非限制性修饰用法:1) 限制性修饰:关系代词引导的定语从句旨在修饰名词,使该名词有其特殊性,此时关系代词之前不置逗号,译 成中文时,先译定语从句(译成“的”),再译被修饰的名词。这种之前无逗号的定语从句就是限制性修饰He is a person who never lies 他是个从不说谎的人(对的 ) 他是个人,他从不说谎(错的 )2) 非限制性修饰:有些名词本身就具有特殊性,如 gentleman 、 saint 。或该名词之

6、前已有形容词修饰,增加其特殊性,如 a good person 、 a great man 。此时这些名词之后若有定语从句修饰时,该从句并非必要,只是附加说明主语而已,故关系代词之前可置逗号,以减低该从句的重要性。这种之前有逗号的定语从句就是非限制性修饰。译成中文时,先译被修饰的名词,再译之后的定语从句。He is a gentleman, who never lies 他是君子,从不说谎以上例句也可采用限制性修饰,以更增加被修饰的名词之特殊性He is a gentleman who never lies 他是个从不说谎的君子3) 专有名词(如 John 、 Peter 、 Shanghai

7、) 或少数的名词(如 my father 、 his mother) 本身就有普遍强烈的特殊性(即一提到这些名词, 大家都知道指的是谁), 故之后的定语从句一定采用非限制性修饰, 即关系代词之前一定要有逗号Here comes Mary, who is my girlfriend 玛丽来了,她是我的女友7. When it comes to + doing说至U When it comes to spelling , Sam is the best in our class8. 名词性从句的种类及其功能:名词性从句的种类:1) That 引导的名词性从句:这种从句乃由陈述句变化而成。我们在陈述

8、句之前冠以 that ,即成名词性从句。 陈述句: He works hard 名词性从句: that he works hard2) Whether 引导的名词性从句: 这种从句乃由一般疑问句(即可用yes 或 no 回答的问句)变化而成。在一般疑问句前冠以 whether ,原倒装的句子结构还原成不倒装的型态即成名词性从句 be 动词:一般疑问句 Is he happy? 名词性从句 Whether he is happy?助动词 (can 、 will 、 have 等):一般疑问句Will he come? 名词性从句 Whether he will come do 、 does 、

9、did 等助动词引导的疑问句变成名词性从句时,先冠以 whether ,次将 do 、 does 、 did 去除,疑问句中的动词原形再按do、 does 、 did 及主语还原成应有的时态一般疑问句 Do they like it? 名词性从句 Whether they like it3) 疑问词 (what 、 where 、 when 、 how 、 why、 who 、 whom 、 which 、 whose 等)引导的名词性从句,这种从句乃由特殊疑问句( 即不能用yes 或 no 回答的问句)变化而成。 我们保留原疑问词, 原来倒装的句子结构还原成不倒装的型态而成名词性从句be动词

10、:特殊疑问句 who is he?名词性从句 Who he is助动词:特殊疑问句When will he come?名词性从句 When he will come含有 do 、 does 、 did 的疑问句:此类疑问句变成名词性从句时,先保留句首的疑问词,次将do、 does 、 did去除,疑问句中的动词原形按do 、 does 、 did 及主语还原成应有的时态特殊疑问句 How did he do it 名词性从句 How he did it注意:特殊疑问句中,若疑问代词 who 、 what 、 which 作主语,该疑问句变成名词性从句时,句子结构不变特殊疑问句 Who will

11、 come/what happened名词性从句 Who will come/what happened名词性从句的功能:名词性从句可以说是一种用作名词的句子,所不同的是:4) 从句之前一定要有 that 、 whether 或疑问词5) 从句不能做句子使用,换言之,从句不能独立存在6) 名词性从句与名词一样,在句中可用作主语、及物动词的宾语、或置于be 动词之后作主语补足语作主语: That he is a good student is trueWhether he ll come is not known yet注意:名词性从句作主语时,往往会形成主语过大的毛病,故一般接用代词 It 代

12、替这些从句It is true that he is a good studentIt is not known yet whether he ll come作宾语: I believe that he can do it I don t know whether he ll come注意: that 引导的名词性从句作及物动词的宾语时, that 可省略 I believe (that) he can do it注意: whether 引导的名词性从句作及物动词的宾语时, whether 可被 if 取代, if 仍译成 “是否” 而非 “如果”I don t know whether he

13、 ll come = I don t know if he ll come作主语补足语: The truth is that he has no money The question is that whether hell come9. They say that = it is said that 据说 有人说 get along well with 与相处的很好10. Society 使用此单词时通常不与冠词连用 Kill Carl is a danger to society11. Suffer from 遭受 be stressed out 饱受压力 Jack is stressed

14、 out because he has too much work12. Do exercise 做运动(美式用法) take exercise 做运动 (英式用法 )13. More and more 可作形容词或副词,多用于进行时的句子中,用法如下:1) 作形容词: more and more 译成“越来越多的” ,之后接复数名词或不可数名词More and more students are learning English He is making more and more money2) 作副词: more and more 译成“越来越多的” ,之后接副词或形容词He is do

15、ing things more and more carefully She is getting more and more beautiful被修饰的形容词或副词若属单音节(偶有两个音节) ,则通常直接将该形容词或副词变成比较级,形成下列用法:比较级 +and+ 比较级 His English is getting better and better He is walking faster and faster14. People must , therefore , learn to deal with his new kind of problemThe best way , how

16、ever , is to keep a good sense of humor以上两句中的 therefore 及 however 均为插入在句中的副词。它们亦均可置于句首,即:Therefore , people must learn to deal with his new kind of problemHowever , the best way is to keep a good sense of humor注意: therefore 或 however 插入在句中时,这两个单词两旁应各置一逗号,习惯的用法是,它们多插于主语与动词之间,助动词 (will 、 can 、 may) 与动

17、词之间,主语与助动词之间1) 主语与动词之间: He is nice. I , therefore , like him2) 助动词与动词之间/主语与助动词之间:Father gave me money. I can , therefore , buy a pen = Father gave me money. I therefore , can buy a pen15. What s the matter with you? = what s wrong with you? = what happened to you? 你怎么了16. Be under a lot of pressure

18、受到很大的压力17. be about the size of 约一 样大 Bill's living room is about the size of my house18. 必须使用 that 取代关系代词who 、 whom 、 which :1) 在有最高级形容词修饰的名词之后He is the best student whom Ive ever taught( 错的 ) He is the best student (that) Ive ever taught( 对的 )2) 在有 the only 修饰的名词之后He is the only boy who knows

19、the answer( 错的 ) He is the only boy that knows the answer( 对的 )3)在有序数词(如the first、the second the last)修饰的名次之后The last question which he asked was interesting( 错的 ) The last question that he asked was interesting( 对的 ) 19. Everyday 每天的,日常的。使用该单词时其后需接名词 This textbook was written for everyday useEvery

20、day 分开写时作副词,表“每天” ,通常置于句首或句尾使用 I read the newspaper every day20. Replace A with B 用 B 取代 A In modern cities , buses are being replaced with subways21. Be no exception 不例外 make a long-distance call 打长途电话 a collect call 向受话人收费的电话22. On the pay phone 在投币电话上名词如 phone 、 radio 或 TV ,多与介词on 并用23. Instead 相

21、反地,代替使用该单词时,通常将其置于句首,其后置逗号,再接主语和动词I didn t go to the library , Instead , I stayed home and studiedInstead与of并用时,形成"instead of +名词/动名词”的介词短语,表“非但不反而”之意Instead of driving to work , I take the bus24. 分词短语的形成: when 、 while 、 if、 unless 、 once 、 though 等均为连词,其所引导的状语从句中,主语若与主句 的主语相同时,该状语从句即可简化为分词短语,简

22、化原则如下:第一步:删除从句中的主语 第二步:主语之后的动词变成现在分词 第三步:若动词为be 动词,则一律变成现在分词being ,而 being 均予以省略When I am rich , I will buy a watch >when being rich , I will buy a watch >when rich , I will buy a watch 注意:unless、once、though、if所引导的状语从句简化成分词短语时,原从句的句子结构多为“主语+be动词”,但 when 或 while 所引导的从句简化为分词短语时,原从句的句子结构则不一定要接be

23、动词,接其他动词也可When you do the work , you must be careful >when doing the work , you must be careful25. Take pride in = be proud of以为荣Pride comes from a fall骄兵必败26. No matter how 的用法:由于how 是副词,表示“多么地、如何地” ,之后应接副词或形容词以供修饰。 How 亦可修饰动词,此时how 之后接主语再接动词即可1) 修饰副词时,副词应紧接于how 之后No matter how hard he tried,he

24、couldnt solve the problem=However hard he tried,he couldnt solve the problem2) 修饰形容词时,形容词紧接于how 之后No matter how nice he is , I dont like him = However nice he is , I dont like him3) 修饰动词时, how 之后接主语,再接动词No matter how you try , you wont succeed = However you try , you wont succeed有以上例句可知, however 有下列

25、两种词性:1) 作副词,表示“然而、不过” ,此时 however 之后要置逗号He is nice , however , I dont like him2)作连词,表示“不论多么 ”,此时however之后不得置逗号 However nice he is , I don't like himNo matter what的造句法:no matter what亦为连词,表示"不论什么”,等于whatever ,亦引导状语从句,修饰之后的主句。 What 是代词,在该从句中要作主语、宾语或be 动词之后的主语补足语。1) 作主语:No matter what happens,

26、I ll support you2) 作宾语:No matter what he says, I don t believe him3) 作 be 动词之后的主语补足语: No matter what he is , he must obey the law27. Congratulations on + 事物 因 一 表示恭喜Congratulations on getting an A“ on your biology test28. Go on a diet 节食,照规定饮食be on a diet 在节食中29. Simply 简单地,就是。表“就是”时,为强调用法;在肯定句中,需置于

27、被修饰的动词前, Paul simply said that you need to work harder在否定句中,则置于助动词之前, I simply don t want to go to your party30. 不定式短语作状语时,可置于句首或句尾,用以表示目的,相当于中文的“为了要”该短语可置于句首,此时短语之后应置逗号,但该断句亦可置于句尾,之前则不可置逗号。 置于句首: To catch the train , John got up early 置于句尾: John got up early to catch the train 表示目的的不定式短语亦可用下列短语取代:T

28、o + do = in order to + do = so as to + do = with a view to +doing = with an eye to + doingHe got up early to catch the train = He got up early in order to catch the train = He got up early so as to catch the train = He got up early with a view to catching the train = He got up early with an eye to c

29、atching the trainIn order to 引导的短语亦可置于句首,之后置逗号。但so as to 引导的短语则通常只置于句尾,而不至于句首。31. Live a - life = leada life 过着 的生活live 可作不及物动词,作“居住”解,之后接表示场所的介词短语或副词 They live in the city They live therelive 也可作及物动词,表示“过(某种)生活”,此时只能用 life 作其宾语 They lived a happy life32. Get around +地方名词 How do youget around town i

30、f youdon thave a car33. Know + 事物/人+ like the back of one s hand 了解某事物或人有如某人的手背一样,比喻“对某事物了如指掌”34. By taxi 乘坐出租车介词 by 之后可置表示交通工具的名词如 taxi、 train 、 bus 、 car、 plane 、 ship 等表示“乘坐某种交通工具”的意思。这些名词之前不可再置冠词 the 或不定冠词a/antell on + 人泄漏某人的底细或打小报告,对某人产生不良影响35. Cheat on+ 人 欺骗某人的感情,对某人不忠实36. Toss and turn 翻来覆去睡不

31、着,辗转反侧37. Give directions 指路,告诉如何走法Can you give me directions to the train station , please?38. Be like looking for a needle in a haystack 如大海捞针39. 现在分词与过去分词均可作形容词用,这些分词分别有下列的意思:现在分词:令人.,.,的正在的(即将的)过去分词:感到 的 已经的换言之,表示“令人 的”或“正在 的”时,应使用现在分词作形容词;表示“感到 .的”或“已经 的”时,则应使用过去分词作形容词。如普通形容词一样,这些分词或可置于be 动词之后,

32、作主语补足语;或可置于名词之前,修饰该名词。1)令人 的 It is a tiring trip 这是令人很累的一段形成The news is encouraging 这消息令人振奋2)感到的 He was tired after the long walk走完这段好长的路之后,他感到累了3)正在 的 The retiring teacher made a farewell speech这位即将退休的老师作了一次告别演说4) 已经 的 The retired teacher was invited to give a speech yesterday这位退休老师昨天应邀发表演说40. Be n

33、amed after以 命名 Barry was named after his uncle41. It is said that 之后由 that 引导的名词性从句志宏的动词为现在式或现在进行式时,可将that 引导的名词性从句中之主语移至句首,次接is said 或 are said ,再接虚词 to ,并将 that 引导的名词性从句中的动词改成动词原形It is said that he works hard >He is said to work hard 据说他工作很努力It is said that they are learning English >They ar

34、e said to be learning English 据说他们正在学英语It is said 之后由 that 引导的名词性从句中的动词为过去式或现在完成时,可将that 引导的名词性从句中的主语移至句首,次将is said 或 are said ,再接虚词 to ,并将 that 引导的名词性从句中动词的过去式或现在完成时一律改成“ have+ 过去分词”It is said that he left an hour ago >He is said to have left an hour ago 据说他一个小时前离开了It is said that they have come

35、 back >They are said to have come back 据说他们已经回来了It is believed that 、 It seems that 与 It is said that 有类似的用法Seems 之后有 to be 时, to be 可省略: He seems to be a good boy = He seems a good boy 42.Howcome+ 主语+动词?How come he hates her so much? = Why does he hate her so much?How come you are interested in

36、learning English? = Why are you interested in learning English?43. First name = given name 名 last name = surname = family name 姓 be named after 以 命名中国人是姓在前,名在后(Zhang ShanZhang 是 last name , Shan 是 first name)美国人是姓在后,名在前(Robert SmithSmith 是 last name , Robert 是 first name)英美人士常有和父亲、母亲、叔叔、婶婶或其他任何值得的人取

37、相同名字的习惯以示尊教。中国人没有这习惯。44. What about+ 人? =How about+ 人?某人又如何呢?What about me ? = How about me ?What about+ 动名词? =Howabout+ 动名词?咱们 你看如何?How/What about going to the movies tonight?45. The bread is two days old , it is not fresh 这面包放了两天了,所以它并不新鲜46. For+ 所有格+sake=Forthesakeof+ 名词 为了 的缘故 For your own sake

38、, you should go on a diet47. Do one spartto+ 动词原形 尽某人一己之力做 Weshouldalldoourparttohelpcleanupthepark48. 一般而言,形容词多置于be 动词或 become 、 seem 等系动词之后,作主语补足语The child is clever He became strong from exercising He seems angryGet 亦可表示 “变成” 的意思, 相当于 become , 但 become 之后可置任何的形容词, get 之后的形容词则有选择,一般而言,下列形容词可置于get

39、之后:1) 与“生气”有关的形容词: angry 、 mad 、 crazy He got mad when he heard the news2) 与“健康”有关的形容词: ill 、 sick 、 well He got ill last week = He fell ill last week3) Get 之后亦可接过去分词,形成被动语态,等于“ be 动词+过去分词”He got injured in the traffic accident4) Get 若使用于现在进行时中,之后可接一般形容词,这些形容词多用于比较级,即: be getting + 比较级形容词 and 比较级形容词

40、 / be getting more and more+ 形容词 She is getting more and more beautiful His English is getting better and better 49. 两个形容词共同修饰一个名词时,本应该使用 and 连接,但亦可使用都哈取代 and ,使该两个形容词的关系更加密切。 Nobody gets along with that selfish and mean guy = Nobody gets along with that selfish , mean guy有些形容词与名词并用, 形成一个固定的用语 (如 an

41、 old man 、 a young boy 、 a red car) , 此时之前另置形容词时,该形容词之后不得再置逗号或and That kind old man is his father who is that beautiful young girl?50. Air-con=air conditioner 空调 dispose of 对力口以处理garbage disposal垃圾处理51. It is in one s own best interest to+ 动词原形对某人是最有利的interest此处翻译成"利益"It is in our own best

42、 interest to avoid arguing with others 避免和别人争论对你是最有利的52. 主句 +so that+ 主语 +may/can/will+ 动词原形1) So that 亦可被 in order that 取代 He studied hard in order that(so that) he can pass the exam2) So that 与 in order that 所引导的状语从句中的主语若与主句中的主语相同时, 该从句可改为 “ so as to+ 动词原 形”或“ in order to+ 动词原形” 。主语不同时则不能采用此句法。He

43、studied hard in order to pass the exam = He studied hard so as to pass the exam3) So as to 或 in order to 与 not 并用时,应为so as not to 或 In order not toI left early so as not to miss the train = I left early in order not to miss the train53. Be full of=be filled with 充满 54. Be known 之后,常用的介词有下列三个:1) Be k

44、nown as+ 身份以某身份被人所知;众所周知的 He is known as a great scientist2) Be known for+ 事物 因某事物为人所知 He is known for his musical talent3) Be known to+ 人 被某人所知 He is known to all of us55. 形容词 famous 、 renowned 、 noted ,均表示“出名的” ,之后可使用介词as 或 forBe noted/renowned/famous as+ 身份 以某身份被人所知 Be noted/renowned/famous for+

45、事物 因某事为人所知56. She is easy to get along with others( 错的 ) She is willing to get along with others( 对的 ) 两句的区别如下:1. 人 +be 动词+形容词+to+ 动词原形:在上列的句型中,形容词必须有“出自某人心中的意愿”的涵义。常用的这些形容词有willing 、 glad 、 eager 、 longing 、 anxious 。这些形容词之后要接虚词 to 引导的不定式短语。短语中若动词原形是不及物动词,之后不得置宾语;若动词原形是及物动词,之后应置宾语;若短语语尾有介词,亦应置宾语。He

46、 is willing to go(go 不及物动词)He is eager to do it(do 及物动词 )2. Easy 、 difficult 、 hard 等形容词,是修饰事情的形容词,不可用来修饰人。He is easy( 用法错误 ) The job is easy Singing is hard for me To do the work is easy以上例句中,我们可用名词 (the job) ,动名词 (singing) 、或不定式短语(to do the work) 作主语, be 动词之后可接easy 、 hard 等形容词作主语补足语3. 不定式短语作主语时,若该

47、短语最后一个字是宾语,可将该宾语变作主语,短语的其余部分则移至句尾。该主语仍同时作句尾及物动词或介词的宾语。To do the work is hard(the work 是不定式短语中 do 的宾语, 故可变作主语, to do 移至句尾 )The work is hard to do 在上句中 the work 仍可作句尾do 的宾语,故不用写成 The work is hard to do it( 错的, it 是多余的 )57. Most of all 重要的是,尤其是I love seafood , most of all , I love to eat tuna fish58. 名

48、词同位语:所谓名词同位语,就是在名词之后另置一个名词,而两个名词地位相等。此时我们称第二个名词为第一个名词的同位语。This is John , a friend of mineJohn , an English professor , teaches very well名词同位语乃由下列定语从句简化而成: Who/which+be 动词 +名词This is John , who is a friend of mine=This is John , a friend of mineJohn , who is an English professor, teaches well=John, a

49、n English prodessor , teaches well由于名词同位语均由非限制性定语从句(即关系代词who 或 which 之前要有逗号) 简化而成, 故名词同位语之前应亦有逗号。若名词同位语在句中出现时,之后亦应置逗号;若在句尾出现时则置句号。59. Easier said than done = It is easier to be said than to be done 说起来容易做起来难60. Be a slave to 做的奴隶Oliver is a slave to his job , he is always at the office cant help doi

50、ng 忍不住一61. Be respected as被尊为of all time 自古以来be loyal to 对 忠诚 follow in one s footsteps 效法某人62. Something well begun is half done=well begun is half done 好的成功是开始的一半golden rule 金科玉律63. 关系代词所引导的定语从句若属于限制性修饰( 即关系代词之前无逗号) ,且该关系代词在该从句中作及物动词或介词的宾语时,该关系代词可予以省略1) 关系代词作及物动词的宾语 He is a man whom we can trust =

51、 He is a man we can trust2) 关系代词作介词宾语 John is the man whom you can depend on= John is the man you can depend on 注意:若介词置于句尾,关系代词可予以省略,但若介词置于关系代词之前,则该关系代词不可省略。64. 定语从句可简化为分词短语: Something well begun is half done=Something that is well begun is half done关系代词所引导的定语从句若属于限制性修饰, 且该关系代词在从句中作主语时, 可将该从句简化为分词短语

52、, 步 骤如下:1) 删除关系代词2) 将关系代词之后的动词变成现在分词3) 若动词是 be 动词,变成现在分词 being 之后再予以省略The girl who lives next to my house is my classmate = The girl living next to my house is my classmateJohn is a young boy who is full of energy = John is a young boy full of energy(who is变成 being ,再删掉 being)65. Living 谋生 make a li

53、ving by+ 动名词 靠 谋生 He makes a living by teaching动词 +for a living 从事 以谋生 He teaches for a living66. 现在完成时:现在完成时的句型:主语 +have/has+ 过去分词 He has finished the work They haven t received his letter yet现在完成时的功能:1) 现在完成时可用以表示从过去某时一直持续到现在的动作I have lived here for ten years2) 现在完成时亦可用以表示过去某时已完成的动作John has finish

54、ed the work这句话笼统的表示John 在过去某时做完了这工作,可能是在五分钟前、昨天或上星期。然而现在完成时并不强调时间的明确性,只强调到现在为止已完成的动作。故现在完成时不得与明确的过去时间状语并用。He has finished the work five minutes( 错的 )明确的过去时间状语在句中出现时,时态应采用过去式。 He finished the work five minutes ago( 对的 )3) 现在完成时亦可表示未来将完成的动作。此时表示条件的状语从句 (多由 if、 when 、 after、 as soon as 等连词引导 ) 采用现在完成时,

55、而主句则采用将来时。 If I have finished all the chores , Ill go fishing with youAs soon as I have finished all the chores , Ill go fishing with you使用现在完成时应注意的事项:4) 现在完成时与“ for+ 一段时间”所形成的状语并用时,句中的动词必须有持续发生的特性He has lived here for ten years He has learned English for five months以上这些具有“持续发生”特性的动词所造成的现在完成时亦可被现在完成

56、时(主语+have/has been+ 现在分词 )取代,意思不变,但现在完成进行时更强调动作的持续性。He has been living here for ten yearsHe has been learning English for five months5) 动词若无“持续发生”的特性,仍能使用于现在完成时,但不可与“ for+ 一段时间”所形成的状语并用。He has finished the work( 对的 ) He has finished the work for five minutes( 错的, finished 不具有持续性)上述无“持续发生”特性的动词可采用下列句

57、型,以补救其无“持续发生”的特性:It is+一段时间+since引导的过去时状语从句自从.以来已有 时间了It is ten days since he finished the work=It has been ten days since he finished the work=Ten days has passed since he finished the work 注意:这些不具“持续发生”特性的动词在现在完成时的句子结构中,虽无法与“ for+ 一段时间”并用,但我 们仍可使用与这些动词意思相同的形容词,置于be 动词的现在完成时( 即 have been 或 has been) 之后,表示持续发生的状态,句型如下:主语+have/has been+ 形容词 +for+ 一段时间He has died for ten years( 错的 ) He has been dead for ten year

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