句子成分(高三学生入门必学)

1、构成句子的基本成分叫做句子成分。句子构成句子的基本成分叫做句子成分。句子成分可分为成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语和同位语语、状语、补语和同位语。它们可以由单。它们可以由单词来担任词来担任,也可以由词组也可以由词组,以及句子来担任。以及句子来担任。 主语主语：主语是一个句子中所要表达：主语是一个句子中所要表达,描述的人或描述的人或物，是物，是句子的主体句子的主体。 When to begin is not known yet. The wounded has been taken to the hospital. To cycle on the mo

2、untain is not easy. Ill spend my holiday in Shanghai, where lives my uncle. It is quite clear that they are badly in need of help.= That they are badly in need of help is quite clear.用作主语的从句叫主语从句用作主语的从句叫主语从句 表语表语：表语是用来说明主语的性质：表语是用来说明主语的性质, 身份身份, 特征和状特征和状态。态。表语位于（联）系动词之后。表语位于（联）系动词之后。常用系动词有常用系动词有：“感官

3、感官”：feel, smell, taste, sound, look“变化变化”：become, get, grow, turn, go, fall“是是”：be, remain, seem, appear, prove, stayToday is Monday.The flowers smell sweet. My friend becomes excited.用作表语的从句叫表语从句，如用作表语的从句叫表语从句，如:1.The point is when I will become rich.宾语宾语：主语动作所涉及的对象：主语动作所涉及的对象, 它是它是动作的承受动作的承受者者, 宾语

4、可以由名词或起名词作用的成分担任，宾语可以由名词或起名词作用的成分担任，宾语一般位于及物动词或介词的后面宾语一般位于及物动词或介词的后面。The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句，如：用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句，如：I find the best way to concentrate on what the teacher are saying.We believe it true that human b

5、ody is also a kind of good conductor.有些及物动词要接有些及物动词要接两个宾语两个宾语句子才完整句子才完整, 其中一其中一个宾语多指人个宾语多指人,另一个宾语指物另一个宾语指物,指人的宾语叫做指人的宾语叫做间接宾语间接宾语,指物的宾语叫做指物的宾语叫做直接宾语直接宾语, 可以带两个可以带两个宾语的动词有宾语的动词有bring, give, show, send, pass, tell等。等。My father bought me a book. 间接宾语间接宾语 直接宾语直接宾语Give the rubber to me. 直接宾语直接宾语 间接宾语间接宾语

6、Jack is pleased with what you have given him and all that you have told him. 有些及物动词除跟一个宾语外，还需要加上有些及物动词除跟一个宾语外，还需要加上宾语宾语补足语补足语, 否则意思不完整。否则意思不完整。They elected（选举）（选举） him their monitor. 宾语宾语 宾补宾补Peer pressure makes employees work hard for everyone else. 宾语宾语 宾补宾补We believe it true that human body is al

7、so a kind of good conductor.定语定语：描述：描述修饰修饰名词、代词或从句的性质、特征等情名词、代词或从句的性质、特征等情况的词叫做定语况的词叫做定语, 定语可以由定语可以由形容词形容词或具有形容词性或具有形容词性质的词、短语、句子担任。质的词、短语、句子担任。如果定语是如果定语是单个词单个词 定语常放在被修饰词的定语常放在被修饰词的前面前面, 如果如果是是词组词组, 定语放在被修饰词的定语放在被修饰词的后面后面。Our country is a developing country while America is a developed country.The T

8、V set made in that factory is very good. 充当定语的从句就叫定语从句，如：充当定语的从句就叫定语从句，如：At 21, Ricardo Semler became boss of his fathers business in Brazil, Semco, which sold parts for ships. 状语状语: 发生的发生的时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、条件或伴随方式、条件或伴随情况情况, 让步等让步等“状况状况”的词的词叫状语。状语可以由副词叫状语。状语可以由副词, 短语以及从句来担短语以及从句来担任。任

9、。I go to school on foot. I often read the newspaper at night. 充当状语的从句就叫状语从句，如：充当状语的从句就叫状语从句，如：The sports meeting will be put off if it rains. Im late because I missed the bus. She works very hard though she is old.同位语同位语：位于名词、代词后面：位于名词、代词后面 , 说明它们的说明它们的性质性质和和身份身份, 它可以由名词、代词等充当。它可以由名词、代词等充当。名词名词Tom,

10、our monitor, is a handsome boy. 代词代词I myself will do the experiment.同位语从句同位语从句一般跟在一般跟在fact, feeling, idea, news, hope, suggestion, decision等名词的后面，补充说明这些名等名词的后面，补充说明这些名词的具体词的具体内容内容。He told me the news that the plane had exploded.I love the saying that it is love not time that heals the wound.Exercise

11、: 分析下列句子中划线部分的句子成分：分析下列句子中划线部分的句子成分：1. What he said made me think a lot. 2. The apple tastes sweet. 3. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 4. He noticed a man entering the room. 5. Tom came to ask me for advice. 6. It seems as if it is going to rain. 7. I dont think this dress fits

12、you well. 8. It doesnt matter whether he will come or not.9. The reason why he was late was that the plane was delayed.10. Colour-blind people often find it difficult to distinguish （区别）（区别）between red and green. Exercise: 分析下列句子中划线部分的句子成分：分析下列句子中划线部分的句子成分：1. What he said made me think a lot. 主语从句主语

13、从句 宾语宾语 宾语补足语宾语补足语2. The apple tastes sweet. 表语表语3. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 形式主语形式主语 表语表语 真正主语真正主语4. He noticed a man entering the room. 宾语补足语宾语补足语5. Tom came to ask me for advice. 目的状语目的状语6. It seems as if it is going to rain. 表语从句表语从句7. I dont think this dress fits you

14、 well. 宾语从句宾语从句8. It doesnt matter whether he will come or not. 主语从句主语从句9. The reason why he was late was that the plane was delayed. 定语从句定语从句 表语从句表语从句10. Colour-blind people often find it difficult to distinguish （区别）（区别）between red and green. 定语定语 形式宾语形式宾语 宾补宾补 真正宾语真正宾语Their target was the Millenn

15、ium Star, a 203-carat perfect blue diamond, thought to be the most beautiful large diamond in the world, and the third largest ever discovered.Their target was the Millennium Star, 主语主语 谓语谓语 表语表语a 203-carat perfect blue diamond, 同位语同位语thought to be the most beautiful large diamond in the world, and

16、the third largest ever discovered. 定语定语Shia Liu, a third year computer science student from Zhejiang University in China who is now on an international exchange at SFU, found the answers to these questions through AIESEC.Shia Liu, 主语主语a science student from 同位语同位语who is now , 定语从句定语从句found the answe

17、rs to these questions 谓语谓语+宾语宾语through AIESEC. 方式状语方式状语Through the program, she worked for five weeks in Ghana alongside the ASK Project, which aims to create awareness of HIV and AIDS while training young African business people.Through the program 方式状语方式状语she worked for five weeks in Ghana alongsi

18、de the ASK Project, 主句主句which aims to 定语从句，修饰定语从句，修饰projectwhile training young African business people.伴随状语伴随状语 training和从句的谓语和从句的谓语aims同时进行同时进行谓语谓语：谓语是用来说明主语做了什么动作或处在谓语是用来说明主语做了什么动作或处在什么状态。什么状态。谓语由动词来担任谓语由动词来担任,一般放在主语的一般放在主语的后面。后面。谓语一定是以谓语一定是以“时态语态或情态动词时态语态或情态动词+动动词原形词原形”形式出现。形式出现。She speaks Engli

19、sh fluently. You may keep the book for two weeks.一个句子中一个句子中除非有连词连接除非有连词连接，否则，否则只能只有一个只能只有一个主语和一个谓语主语和一个谓语，其他动词只能作为其他动词只能作为非谓语非谓语。谓语以谓语以时态、语态时态、语态形式出现，形式出现，非谓语动词的基本形式是非谓语动词的基本形式是doing, done, to do非谓语动词是一种非谓语动词是一种总称，总称，具体具体包括主语、宾语、包括主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语、状语，表语、定语、补语、状语，这些都统称非谓语这些都统称非谓语。He walked into the roo

20、m and shut the door.He sat there, reading a book.Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage caught the girl and took her away, disappearing into the woods. Ex: 试分析下列动词形式是谓语还是非谓语。如果是非试分析下列动词形式是谓语还是非谓语。如果是非谓语，则说明具体是什么成分。谓语，则说明具体是什么成分。1. The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well.2

21、. I looked into the window to see what was going on inside. 3. When I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves.4. It rained heavily in the south, causing serious flooding in several provinces.5. The old man sat on the chair, with a dog lying beside him. 6. The Dome, a building which was built to celebrate the beginning of the new millennium, had a special display, called “Money”, containing some of the worlds most famous diamonds.试分析下列动词形式是谓语还是非谓语。如果是试分析下列动词形式是谓语还是非谓语。如果是非谓语，则说明具体是什么成分。非谓语，则说明具体是什么成分。1. The girl writing a lett