初中英语：八大时态讲解含巩固练习试题

1、英语八大时态:一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时一、一般现在时标志：动词原形情况变形方法斗士 M日例词一般情况+s清辅首后读/s/ 浊辅音和元音后 读/z/swim-swims help-helps like-likes辅音字母+o结尾+es读/z/go-goes do-doess/sh/ch/x等结尾+es读/iz/watch-watches wash-washes辅音字母+y结尾变y为i+es读/z/study-studies特殊情况：have和be动词变 have 为 has变 be 为 am/is/arehave-hasbe-am/is/a

2、re1 .表示经常性或习惯性动作，常与表频度的时间状语连用：She often speaks English.I leave home for school at 7 every morning.造句练习:孩子们通常不喜欢家庭作业。2 .表示现在的状态、特征、职业、能力、感觉等：He seems to feel a bit down today.He works as a driver.造句练习:她英语说得好。3 .表示真理、客观存在、科学事实或用于格言警句中：Shanghai lies in the east of China.Columbus proved that the earth i

3、s round.Where there is a will, there is a way.造句练习:地球绕太阳转动。4 .表示现在瞬间的动作：Here comes the bus!5 .表示将来1）表按规定、计划、安排将要发生的动作（仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的趋向动词），可以与表示未来的时间状语搭配使用。常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通状况。如：The next train leaves at 3 o clock this afternoon.How often does the shuttle bus run?2）在时间和条件状语从句中常

4、使用一般现在时表示将来发生的事情：When Bill comes (不用 will come), ask him to wait for me.I shall go there tomorrow unless I m too busy.【练习题】 Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those who from the countryside,in the clothing industry.A. is workingB. worksC. workD. worked What would you do if it tomorrow?-We

5、 have to carry it on, since we ve got everything already.A. rainB. rainsC. will rainD. is raining二、一般过去时标志：动词过去式情况变形方法例词f情况+edwork worked不发音e结尾+dlive lived辅音字母+y结尾变y为i+edcarry - carried study studied supply supplied重读闭音节结尾且结尾只有 一个辅音字母双写最后的辅音字母+edplan planned stop stopped prefer - preferred regret re

6、gretted特殊情况不规则flee fled fly flew run ran break broke*闭音节：元音字母 a, e, i, o, u如果发字母本来的音则称为开音节，否则称为闭音节。1 .表示过去某时所发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用(e.g. yesterday,this morning, just now, a moment ago, in May, last night / year / week, once upon a time, the other day, before ，when , in the past 等)。如： Jim rang you

7、 just now.Liu Ying was in America last year.2 .表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，特别是 used to do表达的句型，本身表示的就是过去 常常。如：When I was a kid, I often played football in the street.She used to visit her mother once a week.*注意区分sb. used to do sth.(某人过去常常做某事，此处to是动词不定式标志符号)和sb. be used to sth./doing sth.(某人习惯于某物/做某事，此处to是介词)。3 .

8、代替一般现在时，表示一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。此用法仅适用于少数动词 (如 want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等)及情态动词 could, would。如：I wondered if you could have a word with me.I hoped you could help me with my English. Would you mind my sitting here?4 .虚拟语气中用一般过去时表示现在或将来时间的动作或状态。常用句型有：It is time that sb. did sth.”某人该做某事了” would rat

9、her sb. did sth."宁愿某人做某事” 造句练习:你该上床睡觉去了。我宁愿你明天过来。【练习题】Scientists think that the continents always where they today.A. aren't ; areB. aren't ; wereC. weren't ; areD. weren't ; were三、一般将来时标志：will / shall +动词原形1 .表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，通常与表示将来的时间状语连用(e.g. tomorrow,next week, in the future

10、 等)。如： We shall have a lot of rain next month.My husband will come back in a few days.2 .表示倾向性和习惯性：Fish will die without water.When it gets warmer, the snow will start to melt.3 . 一般将来时的几种句式结构辨析：1) will / shall + 动词原形 多用于表达主观愿望或必定会发生的事情(“将会如何”)，例句请见本章1、2节。*shall作助动词时一般只用于第一人称2) be going to +动词原形 表示即

11、将发生或打算要做的事：It is going to rain.We are going to have a meeting today.3) be to +动词原形表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作：He is to visit Japan next year.We are to discuss the report on Monday.4) be about to + 动词原形,后面一般不跟时间状语，如:表示即将发生的动作，意为“马上要做某事”The plane is about to start.Don t worry. I am about to make a close examinat

12、ion on you.四、 现在进行时标志： be + 动词的现在分词1. 表示说话时正在进行的动作：She is writing a letter upstairs.Who are you waiting for?It is raining hard.2. 表示现阶段一直在进行的动作(说话时动作未必正在进行)：I hear Mr. Green is writing another novel.3. 表示反复出现或习惯性的动作，往往包含说话者赞扬、责备、 厌恶等情绪，通常与 always,constantly, continually, forever 等频度副词连用。如：John is fo

13、rever asking silly questions like a stupid.He is always thinking of others first.4. 表示将来1) 表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作，仅适用于部分趋向动词(如 go, come, leave, start,arrive 等) 。如：Uncle Wang is coming.They're leaving for Beijing.2) 在时间和条件状语从句中，现在进行时表示将来某时正在发生的事情。如：Please drop in when you are passing my way.If he is sti

14、ll sleeping, don t wake him up.五、 过去进行时标志： was / were + 动词的现在分词1. 表示过去某一时刻或一段时间正在进行的动作，过去进行时中常用的时间状语有thewhole morning, all day yesterday, from January to March last year 等。如：I was having a talk with Lucy at that time.They were watching TV at home last night.2. 表示 过去 反复出现或习惯性的动作，往往包含说话者赞扬、责备、厌恶等情绪，通常

15、与always, constantly, continually, forever 等频度副词连用。如：My brother was always losing his keys.3. 表示按计划、安排过去 某时刻将要发生的动作，仅适用于部分趋向动词(如go, come,leave, start, arrive 等) 。如：He said they were leaving for Beijing this afternoon.4. 过去进行时有一个主要用法就是描述一件事情发生的背景(一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生)：Granny fell asleep when she was re

16、ading.It was raining when they left the station.【练习】Mary a dress when she cut her finger.A. madeB. is makingC. was makingD. makesK、现在完成时标志：have / has +动词的过去分词1 .表示一个过去发生并已完成的动作对现在产生影响或结果，强调的是现在的状况（表示 “已完成”）。如：He has left the city.（结果：他目前不在这个城市）Someone has broken the window.（结果： 窗户破了）2 .表示一个动作开始于过去，持

17、续到现在，也可能还会继续持续下去（表示“未完成”）。I have been busy since last week.He has taught in our school for 30 years.I've finished half so far.nu瞬间动词通常是不能用现在完成时表持续性的，但其否定结构则可以。如：She hasn't seen you for ages.His father hasn ;t touched beer for a whole week.3 .表示过去到现在为止反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态，常与表示频度的副词always,often, ev

18、ery day 等连用。如：I have often heard that he is the cleverest person in that company.4 .在时间和条件状语从句中，现在完成时表示将来某时完成的动作。如：I'll go to your home when I have finished my homework.If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we 'll go the park.5 .与现在完成时连用的常见词语能与现在完成时连用的词语很多，just, already, yet, before, nev

19、er, ever, recently 等，但常见的有：1） since 自从I have been there many times since the war.We haven't seen each other since last week.We have been friends ever since.2） in / for / during the past/last years 在过去/最近中I've been ill for the past three weeks.Great changes have take place in the last ten yea

20、rs.I have been here （for） the last/past month.3） so far到目前为止We haven't had any trouble so far.So far the search for the missing middle-aged woman has been fruitless.4） up to/until now 到现在为止Up to now he s been quiet.Up to now, the work has been easy.I have heard nothing from him up till now.Up ti

21、ll now we have planted over 2000 trees.5） It is/will be the first/second time that 这是第一 /二次It s the first time (that) I ve been here.It will be the first time (that) I ve spoken in public.It is the second time (that) I have met him today.6） This is +形容词最高级+ that这是最 This is the best film that I ve (e

22、ver) seen.6. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别1) 现在完成时强调对现在的影响和结果，与现在有联系；而一般过去时强调这个动作发生的时间是在过去，不涉及对现在的影响。如：I have seen this film. (我已经看过了这部电影)I saw this film yesterday. (我是昨天看的这部电影)2) 现在完成时常与模糊的时间状语连用(如for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet,till/until, up to now, always 等) ，或者干脆没有时间状语；而一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用(如 yesterday

23、, last night, ago, in 1980, in February 等) 。3) 现在完成时表示持续时一般使用延续性动词(如live, teach, work, know 等) ；而一般过去时常使用瞬间动词(如begin, buy, die, marry 等) 。如：He has lived in Hangzhou since last spring.My grandfather bought the car five years ago.7. 易错点辨析1) 考生容易把一些瞬间动词用现在完成时表达，这是错误的。如：(X) He has died for two years. 他死

24、了两年了。")He has been dead for two years.")He died two years ago.(Y) ) The film has begun for 10 minutes.电影开演十分钟了。(Z) The film has been on for 10 minutes.(AA) The film began 10 minutes ago.(x ) She has married for three years. 她结婚有三年了。(BB) She has been married for three years.(CC) She married

25、 Mike three years ago.2)考生不懂如何区分 have been to和have gone to ,尽管两者均可后接地点，但havebeen to 表示去过某地(现在已经回来了)， have gone to 表示到某地去了(现在还没回来) 。如：She has been to Paris (three times).She has gone to Paris.【练习】 The coffee is wonderful! It doesn t taste like anything I _ before.A. was havingB. haveC. have ever hadD

26、. had ever had The country life he was used to greatly since 1992.A. changeB. has changedC. changingD. have changed七、过去完成时标志：had +动词的过去分词1 .表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态。如：By the end of last week he had finished the work.He had left when I arrived.2 .表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。如：We had not seen

27、each other since I left Beijing.The film had been on for 5 minutes when I got to the cinema.3 .某些表意向的动词（如 intend, think, plan, expect, hope 等）的过去完成时表示主语未曾 实现的愿望、希望、打算。如：I had intended to visit you last night, but someone called and I couldn 't get away.We had hoped that you would come, but you d

28、idn 't.4 .（虚拟语气）在条件状体从句或wish / would rather等后面的从句中，使用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的主观愿望。如：The party wouldn 't have been so perfect if you hadn t come.I wish I had gone with you to the concert that day.造句练习:我宁愿你告诉过她真相。5 .过去完成时与一般过去时1）基本区别：过去完成时表示以过去某时间为起点以前所发生的动作或存在的状态， 即过去完成时强调“过去的过去”，而一般过去时只表示以现在时间为起点以前所发

29、 生的事情或存在的状态。如：He studied there two years ago.他两年前在那儿学习（离现在两年）He said he had studied there two years before.他说他两年前在那儿学习过。（离他说话时两年）2）特别注意：两个动作如果按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或者用 then, and, but等连词 连接时，多用一般过去时。如：When she saw the mouse, she screamed.My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.【练习】 When the old man to walk back t

30、o his house, the sun itself behind the mountain.A. started; had already hiddenB. had started; had already hiddenC. had started; was hidingD. was starting; hidI arrived late; I _ the road to be so icy.A. wouldn t expectedB. haven t expectedC. hadn t expectedD. wasnt expecting八、 过去将来时标志： would + 动词原形1

31、. 表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，一般用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。如：He said he would come here next Friday.I knew that he would help us when we were in trouble.2. 表示过去的动作习惯或倾向：The old man would sit on a bench in the quite park for hours without doing anything.When I worked on that farm, I would get up at 5 am.3. 用于虚拟语气中：

32、If I were you, I would not do that.If he were here, he would show us how to do it.4. 过去将来时的其他形式1) was / were going to + 动词原形。如：He told us that he was going to attend the meeting.She said that I was going to be sent to meet her at the railway station.2) was / were to + 动词原形。如：The building was to be c

33、ompleted next month.Li Lei was to arrive soon.3) was / were about to + 动词原形。如：We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly.He was about to have lunch when the bell rang.一、一般现在时：概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month )

34、，once a week, on Sundays, etc.基本结构：be动词；行为动词否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用 doesn't ，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：把 be 动词放于句首；用助动词do 提问， 如主语为第三人称单数，则用 does ， 同时， 还原行为动词。在一般现在时中，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，即常在动词原形后加-s 或 -es 。一、人称代词he, she, it 是第三人称单数。如：He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视

35、。She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐。It looks like a cat. 它看起来像只猫。（口诀：I 用 am， you 用 are， is 用于她他它，单数名词用is ,复数名词都用are）二、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语；是第三人称单数。如： Han Mei looks like her mother. 韩梅看起来像她的母亲。 Beijing is in China. 北京在中国。 Uncle Wang often makes cakes. 王叔叔经常做蛋糕。三、单数可数名词或"this / that / the+ 单数可数名词"作主语

36、时，是第三人称单数。如： A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。 This book is yours. 这本书是你的。四、 不定代词someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something 等及指示代词this, that作主语时，是第三人称单数。如： Everyone is here. 大家到齐了。 There is something wrong with the watch. 这块手表有毛病。五、不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。如： The milk is in the glass.牛奶在玻璃杯里。 The b

37、read is very small.那面包很小。六、当数字或字母作主语时，看作第三人称单数。如： "6" is a lucky number. "6" 是个吉利数字。【练习】一、 单选1 Jenny in an office. Her parents in a hospital.A work works B works work C work are working D is working work2 One of the boysa black hat.A have B there is C there are D has3 We will go

38、shopping if ittomorrow.A don't rain B didn't rain C doesn't rain D isn't rain4 He said the sun in the east and in the west.A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets5 Wang Mei music and often to music.A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ;listen6 Je

39、nnyEnglish every evening.A has study B studies C study D studied二、填空1 I can take Li Ming there when he ( come) to visit.2 your sister(know)English?3Her home( 远离 )her school.4The pot(not look) like yours very much.5 Where you(have)lunch every day?6 Who( 想要 )to go swimming?7 she(do) the housework ever

40、y day?8 Jenny and Danny usually(play) games in the afternoon .二、一般过去时：概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month ),in1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.一般过去时的结构(可分三类不同的结构)1.Be 动词的一般过去时在没有实

41、义动词的句子中使用be 动词， am is 的过去式为was;are 的过去式为were肯定句式：主语+ be(was , were) + 其它 .否定句式：主语+ be(was , were) + not + 其它 .Be(was , were) +主语 + 其它？注：在这种构成中，be 动词有人称和数的变化，即要根据主语选用was / were 。 Be 动词分为单数和复数，was 是表示单数，were 是表示复数。2. 实义动词的一般过去时态肯定句要使用动词的过去式，否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do 和 does 的过去式did.肯定句式：主语+ 动词（过去式）+ 其它否定句式：主语+ d

42、idn t +动词（原形）+ 其它 【 did not = didn 】 t一般疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词（原形）+ 其它【 do , does 的过去时均为did】？注： 1. did 和 didn t 是构成一般过去时的助动词，其特点是要在其后跟动词的原形。2. 实意动词do 的一般过去时I do my homework every day.（ 用 yesterday 改写句子）I did my homework yesterday.I didn t do my homework yesterday.（ 否定句 ）Did you do your homework yesterday

43、 ？ Yes ,I did. /No, I didn 一般疑问句 t.（）3. 情态动词的一般过去时态含有情态动词的一般过去时与含有Be 动词的一般过去时，是十分相似，请注意观察。肯定句式：主语+ 情态动词+ 其它否定句式：主语+ 情态动词+ not + 其它 .一般疑问句：情态动词+ 主语 + 其它？注：情态动词的过去式：canfcould , may fmight, must fmust , will-would , should-should 。4. 特殊疑问句式：特殊疑问词+be 过去式+主语+其他？特殊疑问词+情态助动词过去式+主语+动词原形+其他？特殊疑问词+do/does 过去式

44、 +主语 +动词原形+其他？What was your former name ？ 你以前叫什么名字？Why was he late for school last Monday ？ 上星期一他为什么迟到？What could she do twenty years ago ？20 年前她能做什么？规则动词的过去式1. 一般情况下，在动词原形 后面加-ed。 look f looked play fplayed start fstarted visit fvisited pull-pulled, cook-cooked2 .以不发音e结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-do live fliveduse

45、fusedtaste -tasted3 .以 辅音字母+ y '结尾的动词，先将 y改为i，再加 -ed。studyfstudied try ftriedfly flied4 .以重读闭音节(即辅音十元音+辅音)或r音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要先双写这个辅音字母后， 再力口-ed ostopfstoppedplanfplanned stop -stoppedprefer 一 preferred5 .不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。如：am(is)-was, are-were (是),become _became(成为)go-went (走)基本用法 表示过去某个特定时间发生的

46、动作或存在的状态。He suddenly fell ill last night.他昨晚突然病倒了。表示过去的习惯性或经常发生的动作She went to the cinema once a month when she was at alked by the riverside.我在乡下时经常在河边散步。叙述过去连续发生的一件件事She got up early, fetched water, cleaned the room and then went out for a walk.她早早起床，提水，打扫房间然后出去散步。【练习】一、请用正确动词形式填空1. He(live) in Wux

47、i two years ago.2. The cat (eat) a bird last night.3. We (have) a party last Halloween.4. Nancy (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.5. I (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.6. They (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.7. My mother (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.8. The girls

48、(dance) at the party last night.9. I (watch) a cartoon on Saturday last week.10. you(visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?11. he(fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he.12. Gao Shan(put) up the picture last night.13. I(sweep) the floor yesterday.14. What she (find) in the garden last morning?15. Her fa

49、ther (read) a newspaper last night.16. Mike (not go) to bed until 12 o clock last night.17. I listened but (hear) nothing.18. How many people (be) there in your class last term?二、按要求变换句型。1. Frank read an interesting book about history. (一般疑问句) Frank an interesting book about history?2. He cleaned hi

50、s roomjust now. (划线提问)Whathe ?3. Thomas spent RMB 10 on this book. (否定句)Thomas RMB 10 on this book.4. My family went to the beach last week. (划线提问) family last week?1. I (have) an exciting party last weekend.2. she (practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she .3. What Tom (do) on Saturday evening?He (wa

51、tch) TV and (read) an interesting book.4. They all (go) to the mountains yesterday morning.5. She (not visit) her aunt last weekend.She (stay) at home and (do) some cleaning.6. When you (write) this song? I (write) it last year.7. My friend, Carol, (study) for the math test and (practice) Englishlas

52、t night.8. Mr. Li (do) the project on Monday morning? Yes, he .9. How (be) Jim's weekend? It (be not) bad.10. (be) your mother a sales assistant last year? No. she .三、现在进行时：概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。构成： be+ 现在分词。be 应为助动词，应与主语的人称和数保持一致。【注】动词现在分词的变化规则1. 一般情况下，直接在动词后加-ing ，如： work - working study - st

53、udying2. 动词以不发音的-e 结尾，要去-e 加 -ing ，如： make - making dance - dancing3. 重读闭音节的动词，要双写词尾字母，再力口 -ing ,如：put - putting begin - beginning4. 以 -ie 结尾的动词，把-ie 变成 y 再加 -ing ，如： lie - lying tie - tying写出下列动词的现在分词形式danceshopplayspeakhave work _writetakestudysitsingswim_ lie变化：肯定句式：主语+be( am, is, are)+ 现在分词+其它.否

54、定句式：主语+be(am, is, are) +not + 现在分词+其它 .一般疑问句：Be(am, is, are) + 主语 +现在分词+其它？特殊疑问句：疑问词+be(am, is, are)+ 主语 +现在分词+其它？对现在进行时的特殊疑问句的回答，它不可以用Yes 或 No 直接作答，要根据实际情况回答。用法(包括高级用法)：1, 表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作。Please don't make so much noise. I'm writing a composition. 不要吵闹。我正在写作文。Let's set off. It isn'

55、t rainingInOWi 发吧。现在不下雨了。这类情况常与now 现在， at the present 现在， at the moment 现在， today 今天， this week这个星期，this year 今年等时间状语连用。有时通过上下文可以判断出应采用何种时态，如：It's four o'clock in the afternoon. The children are playing football on the sports ground.现在是下午四点。孩子们在操场上踢足球。Hurry up! We are all waiting for you. 快点

56、！我们大家都等着你。Look! They are reading over there under the tree. 看！他们在那边的树底下看书。Listen! She is singing in the room. 听！她在房间里唱歌。Where is Kate? She is reading in the room. 凯特在哪里？她在房间里看书。Why are you crying? Is something wrong? 为什么哭呢？有什么不对？2,表示现阶段正在进行而说话时不一定在进行的动作。这几天我们在一家工厂工作。We are working in a factory these days.They are compiling a dictionary. 他们在编一本词典。这类情况常与today 今天， this week