初中现在完成时讲解(完整版)

1、The Present Perfect tenseWinter has already come，will it still be far in spring ?冬天已经来了，春天还会远吗？冬天已经来了，春天还会远吗？present(now)futurepastPresent Perfect Tens现在完成时现在完成时1.现在完成时表示过去发生或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响；现在完成时表示过去发生或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响； I have already had breakfast.（我已吃过早餐，我不饿了）（我已吃过早餐，我不饿了）2.现在完成时态还表示过去某一时间已经开始并一直持续到

2、现在现在完成时态还表示过去某一时间已经开始并一直持续到现在（包括现在在内）的动作或状态，可以和表示延续的时间状语连（包括现在在内）的动作或状态，可以和表示延续的时间状语连用表示持续的动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词用表示持续的动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词。 We have lived here for ten years/ since 10years ago.主语主语 + have/ has + 过去分词（过去分词（pp）助动词助动词,无意义无意义 现在完成时的结构现在完成时的结构Winter has already come，will it still be far in spring ?主

3、语主语 + have/ has + 过去分词（过去分词（pp）否定形式否定形式 havent ( have not ） +过去分词过去分词 hasnt ( has not ) +过去分词过去分词疑问句疑问句 把助动词把助动词 have / has 放在句首放在句首 现在完成时的结构现在完成时的结构注：主语若是第三人称单数助动词用注：主语若是第三人称单数助动词用 hasYou have planted all the trees.I have planted all the trees.He/she has planted all the trees.They have planted all

4、the trees. 区别区别have 和和 has的用法的用法 主语若是第三人称单数助动词用主语若是第三人称单数助动词用 has1、regular verbs 规则变化规则变化（过去分词与过去时变化规则一样）（过去分词与过去时变化规则一样）(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work-worked-worked visit-visited-visited (2)、以、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live-lived 过去分词过去分词(3)、以、以“辅音字母辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将结尾的动词，将 “y” 变为

5、变为 “i”， 再加“ ed ”。 study-studied-studied crycried-cried(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop-stopped-stopped drop-dropped-dropped 2、irregular verbs不规则变化（不规则变化（A-B-B）havehadhad spend spentspent makemademade saysaidsaid findfoundfound hearheardheard 3、不规则变化（、不规则变

6、化（A-B-C）taketooktaken speak spokespoken singsangsung drivedrovedriven bewas/werebeen gowentgone 4、不规则变化（、不规则变化（A-A-A）cutcutcutput putput letletletreadreadread 5 不规则变化不规则变化 (A-B-A) come came come become became become 1) 表示到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成的动作。表示到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成的动作。Now we have planted all the trees.He has

7、just come back. They have built many buildings in this city. 现在完成时的现在完成时的用法用法2) 表示过去发生的动作表示过去发生的动作,强调结果或对现在的影响。强调结果或对现在的影响。Someone has broken the window. (窗户现在是坏的窗户现在是坏的)I have already lost the key. (我现在没有钥匙我现在没有钥匙)I havent read that book yet . (不了解书的内容不了解书的内容)I have just cleaned my hands. (手是干净的手是干

8、净的)常与常与already(已经已经), yet(已经已经), just(刚刚刚刚),ever(曾曾经经),never,for+时间段，时间段，since+时间点等词或短语连时间点等词或短语连用用. already: 常用于肯定句中常用于肯定句中. yet: 常用于否定句常用于否定句,疑问句尾疑问句尾. 3) 表示从过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态，常与表示从过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态，常与包括现在在内的一段时间的状语连用。包括现在在内的一段时间的状语连用。She has learned English for 5 years. He has lived in Beijing sinc

9、e 5 years ago.since: (自自以来以来)1)since+时间点时间点He has stayed here since 5 oclock.2)since+ 时间段时间段+ agoHe has stayed here since 5 hours ago.3)since+ 从句从句She has taught English since he came here. for: (长达）长达）for+ 时间段时间段He has kept the book for 2 weeks.since , for 的用法的用法: Take notes 用for 或since填空1.Mr. Brow

10、n has had his TV _ 15 years. 2. Ive taken driving lessons _last month. 3. My sister has had her cell phone _a month . 4. My friends havent visited me _few days ago. 5. We havent used our car _ a long time . 6. She hasnt had a good cup of coffee _years. 7. Tom has worn glasses _he was 7 years old. fo

11、r since forsinceforforsince注：并非所有注：并非所有for作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时 搞清一般过去时和现在完成时的区别搞清一般过去时和现在完成时的区别I worked here for more than twenty years.(我现在已经不在这里工作了我现在已经不在这里工作了)I have worked here for more than twenty years.（现在我仍在这里工作）（现在我仍在这里工作）辨析 have been to和 have gone toMy father has gone to Shangha

12、i for a meeting.他（已经）去了上海。My father has been to Shanghai for a meeting.他（曾经）去了上海。 She has been to China . 她（曾经）去过中国。（人已经回来了）have been to someplace. 曾经去过某地，已经回来曾经去过某地，已经回来has gone to someplace.某人去了某地，还没有回来某人去了某地，还没有回来 She has gone to China.她去了上海 。（人可能回来了也可能没回来）用用have/has been to, have/has gone to填空填空

13、：1.Where is your brother? He _ the shop. Hell be back soon.2. _ you ever _ to America? Yes, I _ New York twice.3. Here you are at last! Where _ you _? I _ London.4. David _Australia. Im sure hes already arrived.5. Is Benny here? No, he _ the school library. He left five minutes ago.has gone to Have

14、been tohave been tohave beenhave been to has gone tohas gone to 1. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week. 2. _ he _ (finish) his work today? Not yet. 3. My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now. 4. Wheres Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office. 5. I _ (work) here s

15、ince I _ (move) here in 1999. 6. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here. 7. How long _ the Wangs _(stay) here ? For two weeks. 8. I _ just _ (finish) my homework. 9. He _ (go) to school on foot every day. 10._ you _ (find) your science book yet? 11. If it _ (be) fine tomorrow, Ill go with you. 12. The students _ (read) English when the teacher came in. 13. Look! The monkey _ (climb) the tree. 14. My mother _ (come) to see me next Sunday. 15. Ive lost my pen. _ yo