2022年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)真题及答案

1、2022年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）真题及答案（江南博哥）材料题根据以下材料，回答1-20题Harlan Coben believes that if you're a writer,you'll find the time; and that if you can't find the time ,then writing isn't a priority and you're not a writer. For him writing is ljoba job like any other. He has 2_it with plumbin

2、g, pointing out that plumber doesn't wake up and say that he can't work with pipes today.3_, like most writers these days, you're holding down a job to pay the bills,it's not 4_to find the time to write. But it's not impossible. It require determination and single-mindedness. 5_t

3、hat most bestselling authors began writing when they were doing other things to earn a living, And today, even writers who are fairly 6_often have to do other work to 7_their writing income.As Halan Coben has suggested, it's a 8_of priorities. To make writing a priority ,you'll have to 9_som

4、e of your day-to-day activities and some thing you really enjoy. Depengding on your 10 and your lifestyle, that might mean spending less time watching television or listening to music, though some people can write 11 they listen to music. You might have to 12 the amount of exercise or sport you do.

5、You'll have to make social media an 13 activity rather than a daily, time-consuming 14_. There'll probably have to be less socializing with your friends an less time with your family, it's a 15 learning curve and it won't always make you popular.There's just one thing you should

6、try to keep at least some time for, 16 your writingand that's reading. Any write needs to read as made and as widely as they can, it's the one 17 supportersomething you can't do without.Time is finite, the older you get, the 18 it seems to go. We need to use it so carefully and as 19 as

7、we can, that means prioritizing out activities so that we spend most time on the things we really want to do. If you're a writer, that means 20 writing.1、单选题第1题答案是.A.difficultB.normalC.steadyD.pleasant正确答案：B参考解析：difficult困难 normal正常的steady持续地、平稳 地 pleasant讨人喜欢的。翻译：对Harlan Coben来说，作家就是一个工作同其他工作没有

8、什么 差别。根据破折号后面的解释对Harlan Coben来说作家只是一个普通平常的工作， 并无特别之处，B正确。2、单选题第2题答案是.A.combinedB.comparedC.confused0.confronted正确答案：B参考解析：combine结合、混合 compare比较confuse confront面 对翻译：Harlan Coben拿作家这个工作跟修管道一1指出管道工不会第二天起床 并且说今天我不从事修管道了.上一段指出 writer is normal job，然后跟 plumber 进行了一对比，plumber 是 normal job , writer 也是。B 正

9、确。3、单选题第3题答案是.A.lfB.ThoughC.Once0.Unless正确答案：A参考解析：if如果 though然而once曾经、一就unless除非 翻译：像大部分作家一样，你维持了一份工作去生计，对你来说抽时间去写 作将不那么容易.空格处填写一个连词，表达两个句子之间的关系，如果你像大部分的作家一样, 拥有一份其他的工作来维持生计，那么你就将没有很多时间去写作，两个是因果 关系。A正确。4、单选题第4题答案是.A.enoughB.stangeC.wrongD.easy正确答案：D参考解析：enough足够strange奇怪 wrong错误的easy容易 翻译：如果你像大部分作家

10、那样拥有一份其他的工作去维持生计，那么多你来说 不抽时间来写作.根据题意,if you hold down a job to pay the bill （有一份工作去赚钱生活）， 那么抽时间写作不是很容易，D正确。5、单选题第5题答案是.A.AcceptB.ExplainC.Remember0.Suppose正确答案：C参考解析：accept接受explain解释remember记住suppose假设 翻译：这个事实，大部分畅销作家开始写作的时候，都是有另一份工作来维 持生计的。上句,It require determination and single-mindedness ,表明一边工彳乍

11、一 边写作需要决心跟专注，然后指出大部分的畅销书作者都是这样过来的， remenber that （记住），C 正确。6、单选题第6题答案是.A.well-knownB.well-advisedC.well-informedD.well-chosen正确答案：A参考解析：well-known众所周知的 well-advised谨慎的 well-informed 见多识广的well-chosen精选的翻译：现在，甚至是相对作家都必须去做其他的工作来补贴他们的写作收入。根据前文，有名的作家都是一边工作一边写作的，and表递进，指出同样是有名 的作家，现在也需要工作来补贴写作的收入。A正确。7、单选

12、题第7题答案是.A.donateB.generateC.supplement0.calculate正确答案：C参考解析：donate捐献 generate产生 supplement补充、增补calculate计算、估算翻译：现在甚至是相对有名的作家也需要做其他工作来他们的写作收入。捐献/产生/补贴/计算 通过其他工作只能是补贴写作收入，所以C正确。8、单选题第8题答案是.A.causeB.purposeC.question 0.condition正确答案：D参考解析：cause原因 purpose意图、计划 question问题 condition 条件、影响、代价翻译：正如Halan Cob

13、en所表明的,这是优先选择的 如果写作优先，你就必须牺牲你的日常活动和你所喜欢的事情.根据后面 To make writing a priority ,you'll have to scrifice some of your day-to-day activities and some thing you really enjoy.表明,当彳尔更重视写 作一点，你就没有时间去做你喜欢的事，这就是代价，condition of prioritye D正确。9、单选题第9题答案是.A.highlightB.sacrificeC.continue0.explore正确答案：B参考解析：hig

14、hlight强调、突出sacrifice牺牲continue继续 explore 探索翻译：正如Halan Coben所强调的,这就是优先选择的代价,如果你把写作作 为优先事项，你就必须你的日常活动跟你喜欢的事情。根据逻辑关系，如果你偏重写作，你就没有时间干其他的，所以你要牺牲你的日 常时间跟活动，B正确。10、单选题第10题答案是.A.relationsB.interestsC.memories0.skills正确答案：B参考解析：relation关系interest兴趣 memory记忆力skill技巧 翻译：根据你的和生活方式，有的人意味着更少的时间看电视跟听音乐，然 而有一部分人可以边

15、听音乐边写作。and连接两个并列的词,lifestyle跟interest并列。B正确。11、单选题第11题答案是.A.untilB.becauseC.whileD.before正确答案：C参考解析:until直到.because因为 while当.before在之前 翻译：根据你的兴趣和生活方式，有的人意味着更少的时间看电视跟听音乐，然 而有一部分人可以写作他在听音乐的时候。though 表转折，前面说 less time watching television or listening to music , 后面应该是表达,一边听音乐一边写作，while当时候。C正确。12、单选题第12题

16、答案是.A.put up withB.make up forC.hang ontoD.cut down on正确答案：D参考解析：put up with忍受、容忍 make up for弥补 hang onto紧紧握住 cut down on减少、节省翻译：你可能需要你的活动和运动的次数根据前面的,spending less time watching television or listening to music , 可知，应该是减少活动和运动的次数，D正确。13、单选题第13题答案是.A.intelligentB.occasionalC.intensive0.emotional正确答案：

17、B参考解析：intelligent智力、有才智的occasional偶尔的、临时的 intensive强烈的emotional有感染力的翻译：你必须使社交媒体成为一个活动，而不是一个日常的、耗时的习惯。instead of连接两个相反意思的形容词，a daily, time-consuming跟 occasional意思相反。B正确。14、单选题第14题答案是.A.habitB.bestC.decisionD.plan正确答案：A参考解析：habit习惯best最好的decision决定plan计划翻译：你必须使社交媒体成为一个偶尔的活动，而不是一个日常的、耗时的一« instead

18、 of连接两个意思想法的形容词，一个是occational 一个是 time-consuming ,同理 activity 跟 空格处的词对应。activity 对应 habito 偶尔的活动跟耗时的习惯。A正确。15、单选题第15题答案是.A.toughB.gentleC.rapidD.funny正确答案：A参考解析：tough棘手的、艰难的gentle文静的、柔和的rapid快速 的funny有趣的翻译：这是的学习曲线，并且不总让你受到欢迎。空格处填写形容词，根据后文it won't always make you popular可知，空格 处的形容词，是贬义的，相比于gentle

19、 funny rapid , tough艰难的更合适。 A正确。16、单选题第16题答案是.A.in place of8.1 n charge ofC.in response toD.in addition to正确答案：D参考解析：in place of 代替 in charge of 掌管 in responce of 回应 in addition to 除.之外翻译：写作之外，还有一件事你应该至少留一段时间那就是阅读。根据前面 less time watching television , cut down on the amount of exercise , make social

20、media an occasional activity ,本段应该为除了写作 之外，你应该留一点时间给阅读。D正确。17、单选题第17题答案是.A.indispensableB.innovativeC.invisibleD.instant正确答案：A参考解析：indispensable不可缺少的innovative创新的invisible无形的instant立即翻译：任何写作和写出来的作品都需要广泛的阅读，这是一个一要素，没有它 你就不能写作。根据题意，空格填写一个形容词，indispensable supporter不可或缺的要素。A正确。18、单选题第18题答案是.A.dullerB.h

21、arderC.quieter0.quicker正确答案：D参考解析：dull迟钝的、不活跃的hard艰难的quiet安静的quick快 速的翻译：时间是有限的，你变得越老，它走的越.后一句，We need to use it so carefully （我们要有效的利用时间），以及时间 是有限的，可知，当我们越老的时候，所剩下的时间不多了，它流逝的也就越快。D正确。19、单选题第19题答案是.A.peacefullyB.generouslyC.productivelyD.gratefully正确答案：C参考解析:peacefully平静地 generously慷慨地productively有成

22、果 地gratefully感激地翻译：我们要尽可能小心和地用时间。本段第一句是，Time is finite (时间是有限的)，然后and连接两个并列的词 语，productively有效率的。C正确。20、单选题第20题答案是.A.at mostB.in turnC.on averageD.above all正确答案：D参考解析：at most最多in turn转而、依次 0n average平均above all最重要的是、尤其是翻译：优先考虑活动，让我们把大部分时间花在我们真正想做的事情上，如果你 是作家，那么就是写作.如果你是作家(if you are a writer),最重要的就是

23、写作了 , that mean the things we really want to do is writingo 最重要的就是写作。D 正确。材料题根据以下材料，回答21-25题We have all encountered them, in both our personal and professional lives. Think about the times you felt tricked or frustrated by a membership or subscription that had a seamless sign-up process but was late

24、r difficult to cancel. Something that should be simple and transparent can be complicated, intentionally or unintentionally, in ways that impair consumer choice. These are example of dark patterns.First coined in 2010 by user experience expert Harry Brignull, "dark patterns" is a catch-all

25、 term for practices that manipulate user interfaces to influence the decision-making ability of users. Brignull identifies 12 types of common dark patterns, ranging from misdirection and hidden costs to "roach motel," where a user experience seems easy and intuitive at the start, but turns

26、 difficult when the user tries to get out.In a 2019 study of 53,000 product pages and 11,000 websites, researchers found that about one in 10 employs these design practices. Though widely prevalent, the concept of dark patterns is still not well understood. Business and nonprofit leaders should be a

27、ware of dark patterns and try to avoid the gray areas they engender.Where is the line between ethical, persuasive design and dark patterns? Businesses should engage in conversations with IT,compliance, risk, and legal teams to review their privacy policy, and include in the discussion the customer/u

28、ser experience designers and coders responsible for the company's user interface, as well as the marketers and advertisers responsible for sign-ups. checkout baskets, pricing, and promotions. Any or all these teams can play a role in creating or avoiding "digital deception".Lawmakers a

29、nd regulators are slowly starting to address the ambiguity around dark patterns most recently at the state level. In March, the California Attorney General announced the approval of additional regulations under the California Consumer Privacy Act(CCPA) that "ensure that consumers will not be co

30、nfused or misled when seeking to exercise their data privacy rights." The regulations aim to ban dark patterns this means prohibiting companies from using "confusing language or unnecessary steps such as forcing them to click through multiple screens or listen to reasons why they shouldn&#

31、39;t opt out.As more states consider promulgating additional regulations, there is a need for greater accountability from within the business community. Dark patterns also can be addressed on a self-regulatory basis, buts only if organizations hold themselves accountable, not just to legal requireme

32、nts, but also to industry best practices and standards.21、单选题及 can be learned from the first two paragraphs that dark patterns.A.improve user experiencesB.leak user information for profitC.undermine users' decision-making0.remind users of hidden costs正确答案：C参考解析：Something that should be simple an

33、d transparent can be complicated, intentionally or unintentionally, in ways that impairconsumer choice. These are example of dark patterns.一些应该简单和透明 的东西可能是有意或无意的，会损害消费者的选择，我们把这种模式称为“darkpattern"o impair consemer choice 品艮 undermine users' decision-making 同义，C 正确。22、单选题The 2019 study on dark

34、 patterns is mentioned to show. A.their major flawsB.their complex designsC.their severe damageD.their strong presence正确答案：D参考解析：In a 2019 study of 53,000 product pages and 11, 000 websites, researchers found that about one in 10 employs these design practices.在2019年一项针对5.3万个产品页面和1.1万个网站的研究中，研 究人员发现

35、其中大约十分之一采用了这些设计模式。作者主要是想体现出dark pattern大量存在。D选项正确。23、单选题To handle digital deception, businesses should.A.listen to customer feedbackB.talk with relevant teamsC.turn to independent agenciesD.rely on professional training参考解析：Businesses should engage in conversations withIT compliance, risk, and legal

36、 teams to review their privacy policy, and include in the discussion the customer/user experience designers and coders responsible for the company's user interface, as well as the marketers and advertisers responsible for sign-ups. checkout baskets, pricing, and promotions. Any or all these team

37、s can play a role in creating or avoiding "digital deception".企业应该与IT、合规、风险和法律团队进行 对话，以审查他们的隐私政策。并在讨论中包括负责公司用户界面的客户/用户 体验设计人员和程序员，以及负责注册的市场营销人员和广告商。结账篮、定价 和促销活动。任何一个或所有这些团队都可以在创造或避免"数字欺骗”中发挥 作用。B正确。24、单选题The additional regulations under the CCPA are intended to A.guide users through o

38、pt-out processesB.protect consumers from being trickedC.grant companies data privacy rights 0.restrict access to problematic content 正确答案：B参考解析：the California Attorney General announced the approval of additional regulations under the California Consumer Privacy Act(CCPA) that "ensure that cons

39、umers will not be confused or misled when seeking to exercise their data privacy rights."加州司法部长宣布批准根据加州消费 者隐私法案（CCPA）制定的额外规定，以"确保消费者在寻求行使数据隐私权 时不会被混淆或误导。"即保护消费者不受到欺骗，B正确。25、单选题According to the last paragraph, a key to coping with dark patterns isA.new legal requirementsB.businesses1 s

40、elf-disciplineC.strict regulatory standards0.consumers' safety awareness正确答案：B参考解析：Dark patterns also can be addressed on a self-regulatory basis, buts only if organizations hold themselves accountable, not just to legal requirements, but also to industry best practices and standards. Dark patte

41、rn也可以在自我监管的基础上得到解决，但只有当企业对自己负责， 不仅对法律要求,而且对行业最佳实践和标准负责。所以解决dark pattern的 关键是 businesses' self-discipline”企业的自觉"。B 正确。材料题根据以下材料，回答26-30题More Americans are opting to work well into retirement, a growing trend that threatens to upend the old workforce model.One in three Americans who are at le

42、ast 40 have or plan have a job in retirement to prepare for a longer life, according to a survey conducted by Harris Poll for TDAmeritrade. Even more surprising is that more than half of "unretirees" those who plan to work in retirement or went back to work after retiringsaid they would be

43、 employed in their later years even if they had enough money to settle down, the survey showed.Financial needs aren't the only culprit for the "unretirement" trend. Other reasons, according to the study, include personal fulfillment such as staying mentally fit, preventing boredom or a

44、voiding depression. About 72% of "unretire" respondents said that they would return to work once retired to keep mentally fit while 59% said it would be tied to making ends meet. Can Congress save the economy? Fed chair says "US debt is 'on unsustainable path1", Auto industry

45、 is still a boys' club at the top despite GM CEO Mary Barras success."The concept of retirement is evolving" ,said Christine Russell senior manager of retirement at TD Ameritrade, "It's not just about finances. The value of work is also driving folks to continue working past r

46、etirement."One reason for the change in retirement patterns: Americans are living longer. The share of the population 65 and older was 16% in 2018, up 3.2% from the prior year, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. That's also up 30. 2% since 2010. Older Americans are also the fastest-growin

47、g segment of the U. S workforce, and boomers are expected to live longer than previous generations. The percentage of retirement-age people in the labor force has doubled over the past three decades. About 20% of people 65 and older were in the workforce in February, up from an all-time low of 10% i

48、n January 1985, according to money manager United Income.Because of longer life spans, Americans are also boosting their savings to preserve their nest eggs, the TD Ameritrade study showed which surveyed 2, 000 adults between 40 to 79. Six in 10 "unretires" are increasing their savings in

49、anticipation of a longer life, according to the survey. Among the most popular ways they are doing this, the company said, is by reducing their overall expenses, securing life insurance or maximizing their contributions to retirement accounts. Seniors are living longer, but planning for the extended

50、 years is key.Unfortunately, many people who are opting to work in retirement are preparing to do so because they are worried about making ends meet in their later years, said Brent Weiss, a co-founder at Baltimore-based financial-planning firm Facet Wealth. He suggested that preretiree should speak

51、 with a financial adviser to set long-term financial goals."The most challenging moments in life are getting married, starting a family and ultimately retiring," Weiss said." It's not just a financial decision, but an emotional one. Many people believe they can't retire."

52、26、单选题The survey conducted by Harris Poll indicates that.A.over half of the retirees are physically fit for workB.the old workforce is as active as the younger oneC.one in three Americans enjoy earlier retirementD.more Americans are willing to work in retirement 正确答案：D参考解析：One in three Americans who

53、 are at least 40 have or plan have a job in retirement to prepare for a longer life, according to a survey conducted by Harris Poll for TD Ameritrade. Even more surprising is that more than half of "unretirees" those who plan to work in retirement or went back to work after retiringsaid th

54、ey would be employed in their later years even if they had enough money to settle down, the survey showed.根据哈里斯民意调查进行的一项调查，40岁以上的美国人中就有三分 之一为长寿做准备，有退休后继续工作的计划。更令人惊讶的是，调查显示，超 过一半的"未退休人员"那些计划退休工作或退休后回去工作的人表 示，即使他们有足够的钱安顿下来，他们在晚年也会有工作。所以表明，更多的 美国人愿意在退休后工作。D正确。27、单选题It can be inferred from Par

55、agraph 3 that Americans tend to think thatA.retirement may cause problems for them B.boredom can be relieved after retirement C.the mental health of retirees is overlooked D."unretirement" contributes to the economy正确答案：A参考解析：Other reasons, according to the study, include personal fulfillm

56、ent such as staying mentally fit, preventing boredom or avoiding depression. About 72% of "unretire" respondents said that they would return to work once retired to keep mentally fit.根据这项研究，其他原因还 包括个人成就感，如保持精神健康、避免无聊或避免抑郁。约72%的"未退休" 受访者表示，他们退休后会重返工作岗位，以保持精神健康。第三段开头，说明： 除了经济原因之外，还

57、有一些personal fulfillment的原因,百分之72受访者 表示，他们会返回工作to keep mentally fito A选项正确。28、单选题Retire me nt patterns are changing partly due toA.labor shortagesB.population growthC.longer life expectancy0.rising living costs正确答案：C参考解析：One reason for the change in retirement patterns: Americans are living longer.退休

58、模式发生改变的一个原因是：美国人活得更久了。C正 确。29、单选题Many retires are increasing their savings by.A.investing more in stocksB.taking up odd jobsC.getting well-paid work0.spending less正确答案：D参考解析：Among the most popular ways they are doing this, the company said, is by reducing their overall expenses, securing life insura

59、nce or maximizing their contributions to retirement accounts. 该公 司表示，他们最受欢迎的方式之一是减少整体开支、获得人寿保险或最大化他们 对退休账户的贡献。D"减少开销"正确。30、单选题With regard to retirement, Brent Weiss thinks that many people are.A.unpreparedB.unafraidC.disappointed0.enthusiastic正确答案：A参考解析：Unfortunately, many people who are opting to work in retirement are preparing to do so because they are worried abou