新标准大学英语综合教程(第二版)UNIT 7 A篇练习答案+课文翻译

1、ContentsActive Reading 1Warming UpListen to a passage and decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F)?New wordsnaval base 海军基地Pearl Harbor 珍珠港surprise raid 偷袭Island of Guam 关岛Midway Island 中途岛Isoroku Yamamoto 山本五十六（日本海军将领）Okinawa 冲绳（日本地名）Hiroshima 广岛（日本地名）Nagasaki 长崎（日本地名）1. In 1941, Ame

2、rica decided to defeat Japan in Asia and then fight against Nazi Germany in Europe. 2. Japanese planes bombed the American naval base at Pearl Harbor in 1942.3. In 1942, America won the battle in Midway Island in the central Pacific.4. After the defeat at Okinawa, Japanese emperor appointed a new pr

3、ime minister to explore the possibilities of peace.5. American planes dropped two atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki on the same day. 6. Japan surrendered on the sixth day after the Nagasaki bombing.Warming UpFFFTTTScriptWarming UpScriptAmerican military planners had to make an important decisio

4、n when the United States entered the Second World War at the end of 1941.American forces could not fight effectively in Asia and Europe at the same time. The military planners decided to use most of their forces to defeat the German troops of Adolf Hitler. Only after victory over the Nazis was clear

5、 in Europe would they use all of Americas strength to fight Japan in Asia and the Pacific. Because of this decision, Japan was able to win many of the early battles of the war in Asia. Japanese planes bombed the American naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on December seventh 1941. The surprise raid

6、 marked the first of several major victories for the Japanese.Warming UpShortly after Pearl Harbor, imperial forces attacked American bases in the Philippines. And within days Japan captured the American island of Guam. Japanese troops landed in Thailand. They marched into Malaya, and they seized Ho

7、ng Kong. The Japanese also moved into Indonesia and Burma.The turning point came in June 1942 in the central Pacific in the great battle of Midway Island. Japanese Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto launched the battle. He wanted to meet and destroy the remaining ships in the American fleet before the United

8、States could recover from the destruction at Pearl Harbor. The fighting between the two sides was fierce. But when it ended, the Americans had won a great victory. Admiral Yamamoto was forced to call off his attack and sail home. For the first time, the Japanese navy had been defeated.Warming UpOn O

9、kinawa, Japanese forces resisted for 83 days before finally being defeated by Allied troops.After the defeat at Okinawa, many Japanese understood that the war was lost, even if Japan had not yet surrendered. Emperor Hirohito appointed a new prime minister and ordered him to explore the possibilities

10、 of peace. But both sides still expected the Allies to launch a final invasion into Japan itself. And everyone knew that the cost in human life would be great for both sides.But the invasion never came.For years, American scientists had been developing a secret weapon, the atomic bomb. The code-name

11、 was the Manhattan Project. President Harry S. Truman made the decision to use it against Japan.Warming UpHARRY TRUMAN: “The world will note that the first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, a military base. We won the race of discovery against the Germans. We have used it in order to shorten the

12、 agony of war, in order to save the lives of thousands and thousands of young Americans. We shall continue to use it until we completely destroy Japans power to make war.”American planes dropped one of the bombs on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945, and another on Nagasaki 3 days later. Exactly how many p

13、eople in those 2 cities died from the force and heat of the blasts or later from radiation may never be known. The Radiation Effects Research Foundation in Japan estimates that between 150,000 and 246,000 died within 2 to 4 months of the bombings. Japan surrendered on August 15, 1945, 6 days after t

14、he Nagasaki bombing.TextHiroshima the “liveliest” city in Japan Hiroshima the “liveliest” city in Japan1 The introductions were made. Most of the guests were Japanese, and it was difficult for me to ask them just why we were gathered here. The few Americans and Germans seemed just as inhibited as I

15、was. “Gentlemen,” said the mayor, “I am happy to welcome you to Hiroshima.” Everyone bowed, including the Westerners. After three days in Japan, the spinal column becomes extraordinarily flexible.Text2 “Gentlemen, it is a very great honor to have you here in Hiroshima.”3 There were fresh bows, and t

16、he faces grew more and more serious each time the name Hiroshima was repeated.4 “Hiroshima, as you know, is a city familiar to everyone,” continued the mayor.Text5 “Yes, yes, of course,” murmured the company, more and more agitated.6 “Seldom has a city gained such world renown, and I am proud and ha

17、ppy to welcome you to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its oysters.”7 I was just about to make my little bow of assent, when the meaning of these last words sank in, jolting me out of my sad reverie.Text8 “Hiroshima oysters? What about the bomb and the misery and humanitys most heino

18、us crime?” While the mayor went on with his speech in praise of southern Japanese seafood, I cautiously backed away and headed toward the far side of the room, where a few men were talking among themselves and paying little attention to the mayors speech. “You look puzzled,” said a small Japanese ma

19、n with very large eyeglasses.Text9 “Well, I must confess that I did not expect a speech about oysters here. I thought that Hiroshima still felt the impact of the atomic cataclysm.”10 “No one talks about it any more, and no one wants to, especially, the people who were born here or who lived through

20、it.11 “Do you feel the same way, too?”Text12 “I was here, but I was not in the center of town. I tell you this because I am almost an old man. There are two different schools of thought in this city of oysters, one that would like to preserve traces of the bomb, and the other that would like to get

21、rid of everything, even the monument that was erected at the point of impact. They would also like to demolish the atomic museum.”13 “Why would they want to do that?”Text14 “Because it hurts everybody, and because timemarches on. That is why.” The small Japanese man smiled, his eyes nearly closed be

22、hind their thick lenses. “If you write about this city, do not forget to say that it is the gayest city in Japan, even if many of the towns people still bear hidden wounds, and burns.”Text15 Like any other, the hospital smelled offormaldehyde and ether. Stretchers and wheelchairs lined the walls of

23、endless corridors, and nurses walked by carrying nickel-plated instruments, the very sight of which would sendshivers down the spine of any healthy visitor. The so-called atomic section was located on the third floor. It consisted of 17 beds.16 “I am a fisherman by trade. I have been here a very lon

24、g time, more than twenty years,” said an old man in Japanese pajamas.Text17 “What is wrong with you?”18 “Something inside. I was in Hiroshima when it happened. I saw the fireball. But I had no burns on my face or body. I ran all over the city looking for missing friends and relatives. I thoughtsomeh

25、ow I had been spared. But later my hair began to fall out, and my belly turned to water. I felt sick, and ever since then they have been testing and treating me. ” Text19 The doctor at my side explained and commented upon the old mans story: “We still have a handful of patients here who are being ke

26、pt alive by constant care. The others died as a result of their injuries, or else committed suicide.”20 “Why did they commit suicide?”Text21 “It is humiliating to survive in this city. If you bear any visible scars of atomic burns, your children will encounter prejudice on the part of those who do n

27、ot. No one will marry the daughter or the niece of an atomic bomb victim. People are afraid of genetic damage from the radiation.” The old fisherman gazed at me politely and with interest.Text22 Hanging over the patient was a big ball made of bits of brightly colored paper, folded into theshape of t

28、iny birds. “Whats that?” I asked.23 “Those are my lucky birds. Each day that I escape death, each day of suffering that helps to free me from earthly cares, I make a new little paper bird, and add it to the others. This way I look at them and congratulate myself of the good fortune that my illness h

29、as brought me. Because, thanks to it, I have the opportunity to improve my character.”Text24 Once again, outside in the open air, I tore into little pieces a small notebook with questions that Id prepared in advance for interviews with the patients of the atomic ward. Among them was the question: Do

30、 you really think that Hiroshima is the liveliest city in Japan? I never asked it. ButI could read the answer in every eye.TextText广岛广岛日本日本“最有活力的最有活力的”城市城市1 彼此做过了介绍。大多数来宾是日本人，我难以启齿去问他们我们为什么在此聚会。为数不多的几个美国人和德国人像我一样显得很拘束。“先生们，”市长说，“我很高兴欢迎你们来到广岛。”人人鞠躬，包括在座的西方人。在日本待上三天后，脊柱变得异常容易弯曲。Text2 “先生们，你们光临广岛，令我们深感

31、荣幸。”3 又是一轮鞠躬；每提到一次广岛的名字，众人的脸色都会愈加凝重。4 “广岛，众所周知，是一个人人熟悉的城市，”市长继续说。Text5 “是的，是的，当然，”众人低语，越来越激动。6 “很少有城市在世界上如此有名，我骄傲且高兴地欢迎你们来到广岛，一个闻名于世的牡蛎之城。”7 我正要微微鞠躬表示赞同， 但当我完全明白最后这几个字的意思后，我从悲伤的沉思中惊醒过来。Text8 “广岛牡蛎？那原子弹、惨况和人类最凶恶的罪行呢？”当市长还在继续讲话，赞美日本南部的海鲜时，我小心翼翼地退后，走向大厅的另一头，那里有几个人在自顾自地谈话，并不怎么注意市长的讲话。“你看起来很困惑，”一个戴着大大眼镜的

32、小个子日本人说。Text9 “呃，我必须承认，我没料到会在这里听到关于牡蛎的讲话。我以为广岛仍然感受得到原子弹灾难的巨大冲击。”10 “没人再谈了，没人想谈，尤其是生在此地或经历过那事儿的人。”11 “你也有同感吗？”Text12 “我当时在这里，但不在市中心。我告诉你这个是因为我差不多是个老头子了。在这个牡蛎之城里，有两派不同的意见，一派想保存轰炸痕迹，另一派想抹掉一切，甚至包括立在爆炸地点的纪念碑。他们还想拆掉原子弹博物馆。”13 “他们为什么要那样做？”Text14 “因为那令人痛心，因为时代前进了。这就是为什么。”那个小个子日本人微笑着，眼睛在厚厚的镜片后面近乎闭上了。“如果你要写这个

33、城市，别忘了说它是日本最快活的城市，尽管许多市民仍旧承受着看不见的创伤和烧伤之痛。”Text15 就像其他医院一样，这里的医院散发着甲醛和乙醚的气味。在仿佛没有尽头的走廊上，担架和轮椅排列在墙边， 护士们带着镀镍器具走过； 看到这种情景，任何健康的来访者都会感到脊背发凉，不寒而栗。所谓的原子科位于三层，有十七张病床。16 “我是个打鱼的。我在这儿已经很久了，二十多年了，”一个身穿和服睡衣的老人说。Text17 “您怎么了？”18 “里面有事儿。爆炸发生的时候我在广岛。我看见了火球。但我脸上和身上都没有烧伤。我跑遍全城寻找失踪的亲戚朋友。我以为我逃过了一劫。可是后来我开始掉头发，肚里出现腹水。我

34、病倒了，打那以后他们就一直给我做检查和治疗。”Text19 在我身旁的医生解释和评论着老人的故事：“我们这里还有一些病人，靠持续不断的护理活到现在。别的人要么因伤重不治而死，要么就自杀了。”20 “他们为什么自杀？”Text21 “在这个城市活下去是令人难堪的。如果你身上有明显的原子弹灼伤的疤痕，你的子女就会遭遇那些没有疤痕的人的偏见。没人会娶原子弹受害者的女儿或侄女。人们害怕由辐射造成的基因损伤。”老渔夫有礼貌又饶有兴趣地盯着我看。Text22 病人上方悬挂着一个用许多鲜艳彩纸折叠成的小鸟组成的大球。“那是什么？”我问道。23 “那些是我的吉祥鸟。我逃脱死亡的每一天，帮助我脱离尘世烦恼的艰难

35、的每一天，我都折一只新的小纸鸟加进去。这样我看着它们，庆幸自己的病给我带来了好运。因为，多亏了它，我才有机会修身养性。”Text24 到了户外，我又一次把小笔记本撕成碎片，那上面写着事先准备的采访原子病房病人的问题。其中一个问题是：您真的认为广岛是日本最有活力的城市吗？这个问题我一直没有问，但我能在每个人的眼里读出答案。inhibitedspinalcolumnmurmuragitatedheinouscautiouslycataclysmerectdemolishcorridorshiverlocatepajamassuiciderenownassentjoltreveriehumanity

36、lensformaldehydeetherstretcherwheelchairvisibleearthly Words & Phrasessink inin praise ofback awaylive throughget rid ofconsist offall outon the part of sb. in advanceWords & PhrasesHiroshima 广岛（日本城市）inhibited a. too embarrassed or not confident enough to do sth. 拘谨的；羞怯的e.g. 1. We are rather

37、 inhibited about touching each other. 我们对身体接触感觉很不自在。2. She felt very inhibited by her own lack of experience. 由于缺乏经验她感到很拘谨。3. Having been laughed at for his lameness, the boy became shy and inhibited. 那男孩因跛脚被人讥笑，他变得羞怯而拘谨。 Word family: inhibit v. Words & Phrasesspinal a. relating to your spine 脊椎

38、的；脊柱的e.g. 1. He had a spinal injury in that accident. 在那次事故中他的脊柱受了伤。2. I was ten years old when my mother was left paralyzed by a spinal tumor. 我十岁那年，母亲由于脊柱肿瘤落下了瘫痪。 spinal column 脊柱Word family: spine n.Words & Phrasescolumn n. C 1. a tall thick post used for supporting a roof or decorating a bui

39、lding 柱；支柱e.g. 1. The column measures two feet around. 这根柱子周长2英尺。2. The column is one of the major stays for the bridge. 这根圆柱是桥梁的主要支柱之一。2. a regular newspaper or magazine article on a particular subject or by a particular journalist （报纸或杂志）专栏e.g. He writes a weekly music column for the newspaper. 他为

40、这份报纸每周撰写音乐专栏。Words & Phrasesmurmur 1. v. to say sth. in a very quiet voice 咕哝；小声说e.g.1. He murmured under his breath. 他喃喃自语。2. George murmured words of love in her ear. 乔治在她耳边低声说着情话。2. n. C sth. that is said in a very quiet voice 低语e.g. There was a low murmur of conversation in the hall. 大厅里有人窃窃

41、私语声。Words & Phrasesagitated a. worried or upset 焦虑的；躁动不安的e.g. 1. She suddenly became very agitated, jumping around and shouting. 她突然变得激动狂躁，四处乱跳还大喊大叫。2. Calm down! Dont get so agitated. 冷静下来！别那么激动。3. The man in the house was in a very excited and agitated state. 房子里的那名男子情绪非常激动且焦灼不安。Word family: a

42、gitate v.Words & Phrasesrenown n. U (fml) the state of being famous and admired for a special skill or achievement 名望；声誉e.g. 1. He won renown as a fair judge. 他赢得了公平裁判的美誉。2. Its just these heart-thrilling chapters that brought his work world renown. 正因这些扣人心弦的篇章才使得他的作品举世闻名。Word family: renowned a

43、.e.g. She is renowned for her advocacy of human rights. 她以倡导人权而出名。Words & Phrasesassent n. U (fml) agreement with or approval of a plan or suggestion 同意；赞成；赞同e.g.1. I translated her silence as assent. 我认为她沉默不语就是同意了。2. Without their assent a settlement cannot be reached. 没有他们的同意，不可能达成和解。3. The di

44、rector has given her assent to the proposals. 主任已表示同意提案。Words & Phrasesjolt vt. to shock sb. so that they suddenly change what they are doing or thinking 使震惊；使惊醒e.g.1. Henderson was momentarily jolted by the news. 亨德森听到这个消息一时目瞪口呆。2. I was prepared mentally but it was impossible not to be jolted.

45、 我虽然已有心理准备，但还是难免震惊。 jolt sb. out of sth.: to get sb. out of sth. 使摆脱； 使走出e.g. Her sharp words seemed to jolt him out of his depression. 她那些尖刻的话好像使他摆脱了沮丧的情绪。Words & Phrasesreverie n. C, U (literary) pleasant thoughts that make you forget what you are doing or what is happening around you 幻想；白日梦e.

46、g.1. He was so lost in reverie that he did not hear the doorbell ring. 他深深陷入幻想，连门铃声都没听见。2. Autumn is a season for people to generate infinite reverie. 秋天是一个让人产生无限遐想的季节。3. At one time, I was full of reverie of the University life. 曾经， 我对大学生活无限憧憬。Words & Phraseshumanity n. U 1. all the people who

47、are living in the world 人类e.g. 1. They face charges of committing crimes against humanity. 他们被控犯有反人类罪。2. The potential life span of humanity everywhere has been extended. 世界各地人类的预期寿命均有所延长。2. a kind and sympathetic attitude towards other people, especially when they are suffering in some way 仁慈；人道e.g

48、. Her speech showed great maturity and humanity. 她的演讲成熟老练且富有人道精神。 Words & Phrasesheinous a. (very fml) a heinous act or crime is extremely evil （行为或罪行）令人发指的，十恶不赦的e.g.1. They are capable of the most heinous acts. 他们能做出最邪恶的事情。 2. Hitlers heinous crimes will never be forgotten. 人们永远不会忘记希特勒令人发指的恶行。W

49、ords & Phrasescautiously ad. in a cautious way 小心地；谨慎地e.g.1. She climbed the staircase cautiously, holding fast to the rail. 她紧紧地抓着栏杆，小心翼翼地爬楼梯。2. I am cautiously optimistic that new congressmen will be concerned and aware about the environment. 新的国会议员们是否会关注环境问题，我对此持谨慎的乐观态度。 Word family: caution

50、v. & n. cautious a.Words & Phrasescataclysm n. C (literary) a violent and sudden event or change, such as a serious flood orearthquake 大灾难，大变动，大变革e.g.1. The floods were a cataclysm from which the local people never recovered. 经历了这场特大洪水，当地人民元气大伤，很难恢复。2. The extinct volcanos eruption would mea

51、n a cataclysm for the city. 死火山又重新喷发，对这座城市来说意味着大难临头。 Words & Phraseserect vt. (fml) to build sth. such as a statue or bridge 竖立（塑像等）；建造（桥梁等）e.g.1. The building was erected in 1900-1901. 这座建筑建于1900到1901年间。2. It takes only a few minutes to erect a tent. 仅用几分钟时间就可搭个帐蓬。3. They are going to erect a m

52、onument in memory of the dead. 他们将立碑以纪念死者。Words & Phrasesdemolish vt. to deliberately destroy a building（有意）拆毁（建筑物）e.g.1. A storm moved directly over the island, demolishing buildings and flooding streets. 暴风雨径直席卷该岛，摧毁了建筑，淹没了街道。2. The building is now being demolished to make way for a motorway.

53、为修建高速公路，现正拆除这栋建筑。 Words & Phraseslens n. C a thin piece of curved glass or plastic that makes things seem smaller, bigger, or clearer 透镜；镜片e.g. 1. The lens of a camera forms images. 照相机的镜头使图像形成。2. He took off his spectacles and rubbed the lens. 他摘下眼镜，擦拭镜片。Words & Phrasesformaldehyde n. U a g

54、as with no colour and a strong smell, used mixed with water for preserving dead things in a laboratory 甲醛e.g.1. Formaldehyde slowly inactivates many viruses. 甲醛能慢慢使多种病毒失去活性。2. You know, artificial boards are a source of the pollutant formaldehyde. 你要知道，人造板材是污染物甲醛的来源之一。Words & Phrasesether n. U a

55、 clear liquid that is used as a solvent or for making people unconscious 醚；乙醚e.g. 1. He lost consciousness at the first whiff of ether. 他一嗅到乙醚便失去了知觉。2. Ether was used formerly to put a patient to sleep before an operation. 从前，在手术前用乙醚来使病人昏睡。Words & Phrasesstretcher n. C a type of bed used for car

56、rying sb. who is injured, ill, or dead 担架e.g.1. The two ambulance attendants quickly put him on a stretcher and got him into the ambulance. 两名救护人员迅速地将他放到担架上抬进救护车里。2. She was clearly in tremendous pain as she was carried off the track on a stretcher. 在被担架抬下跑道时，她明显承受着剧痛。 Words & Phraseswheelchair

57、n. C a chair with large wheels that sb. who cannot walk uses for moving around 轮椅e.g.1. She has been able to cast aside her wheelchair. 她已经能摆脱轮椅了。2. The building has been specially designed to provide easy access for people in wheelchairs. 这幢房子特地设计得便于坐轮椅的残疾人进出。 Words & Phrasescorridor n. C a lon

58、g passage inside a building with doors on each side 走廊；通道e.g.1. I noticed a chink of light at the end of the corridor. 我注意到走廊尽头的一缕光线。2. They heard voices coming from outside in the corridor. 他们听到外面的走廊上有人说话。 Words & Phrasesshiver 1. n. C a shaking movement that your body makes when you are cold,

59、frightened, or excited 颤抖；打颤e.g.1. The accident gave me the shivers. 这事故使我不寒而栗。2. It kept him in a cold shiver all the time. 这些话让他不停地打颤。 2. v. if you shiver, your body shakes slightly, for example because you are cold or frightened 颤抖；打颤；哆嗦e.g. His cruel comments made me shiver. 他残酷无情的批评令我打颤。Words &

60、amp; Phraseslocate vt. to establish sth. in a particular place 把设置在；使坐落于e.g.1. Atlanta was voted the best city in which to locate a business by more than 400 chief executives. 逾400名行政总裁投票推选亚特兰大为最适宜开办公司的城市。2. They decided to locate a new school in the suburbs. 他们决定在郊区设置一所新学校。Word family: location n.Words & Phrasespajamas n. (AmE) (pl.) a soft loose pair of pants and a top that you wear in bed（一套）睡衣裤e.g. He threw