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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上主从复合句一 宾语从句用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句在句中起宾语作用,它可以用作动词的宾语,也可以做动词的宾语,也可以做介词、不定式、分词、动名词以及某些形容词(如:sure, glad, pleased, certain, afraid, surprised, satisfied等)的宾语,宾语从句可以由连词that, whether, if;代词who, whose, what, which和副词when, where, how, why等引导。他想他过几天就会好了。I think (that) hell be all right in a few days

2、. 你知道他们在等谁吗?Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?他问那是谁的字典。He asked whose dictionary it was.注意老师说的话。Pay attention to what the teacher said. 1. 宾语从句在句中的位置(1) 作宾语的从句。如:I heard that he joined the army. 我听说他参军了。She did not know what had happened. 她不知道发生了什么事。(2) 作介词的宾语。如:Our success depends upon/on

3、 how well we can cooperate with one another.我们的成功在于我们彼此能够很好的合作。She is worried about whether her mother can come on time.她在担心妈妈是否能按时来。(3) 作形容词的宾语。Im afraid (that) Ive made a mistake.我恐怕我犯错误了。类似的形容词还有:anxious, aware, certain, confident, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disapp

4、ointed, pleased, hurt, satisfied等。(4) it作形式宾语,而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中,如:他很明确地说他宁愿学习英语。He made it quite clear that he preferred to study English. 注意:有些动词后不能跟that从句作宾语,这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。2. 宾语从句的引导词(1) 当宾语从句是由陈述句转

5、化而来时, 由that 引导,这时that在宾语从句中无意义,不充当任何成分,常省略。如:I know (that) you have met him. 我知道你曾经见过他。He told me that he was wrong.他告诉我他错了。I dont believe he has finished his work.我相信他还没有完成他的工作。(2) 当宾语从句是由一般疑问句转换而来时,由whether, if引导,表示“是否”、“是不是”、“能否”等。如:He asked if/whether she would come.他问她是否要来。I dont know whether h

6、e will come or not.我不知道他来还是不来。They are talking about whether he will win the game.他们在谈论他是否能赢得比赛。学会学习以下情况中只能用whether,不能用if:1.后面带to的动词不定式。如:She hasnt decided whether to go or not.她还没决定是否去。2.介词后。如:Im thinking of whether we should go fishing.我在想我们是否该去钓鱼。3.与or not连用时。如:I cant say whether or not he will h

7、elp us.他是否来帮我们,我说不准。4.宾语从句提前。如:Whether this is true or not, I dont know.我不知道这是不是真的。5.在动词discuss后面的宾语从句。如:We discussed whether we had a sports meeting the next week.我们讨论了下周是否举行运动会。(3) 如果宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转化来的,要用wh-疑问词来引导,意义即为疑问句本身的含义。如:告诉我你想要什么。Tell me what you want.你可以问问他什么时候来。You may ask him when he comes

8、. 你知道他将会邀请谁吗?Do you know whom (who) he will invite? 注意:如果从句的引导词所代替的名词是宾语,应用宾格whom,但在口语中也常用who。3. 宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序,尤其要注意whether, if 和wh-疑问词引导的宾语从句的语序,即按照“主语+谓语”的顺序。如:She wants to know whether I like the film.她想知道我是否喜欢那部电影。The teacher asked me if I could finish the task on time.老师问我是否能按时完成任务。4. 宾

9、语从句的时态宾语从句的时态必须与主句呼应。(1) 当主句中谓语是现在或将来时态时,从句中谓语不受主句谓语时态的影响,可以按需要使用任何时态。如:She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk.她说她会在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei.她说她从来都没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时)(2) 当主句谓语是过去时态时,从句中的时态一般为表示过去的某种状态(如过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时和过去完成时)。如:He said there wer

10、e no classes yesterday afternoon.他说昨天下午没有课。He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby.他说他会去照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时)(3) 当主句谓语是过去时态,而宾阳从句叙述某一客观真理(事实)时,宾语从句的时态则用一般现在时。如:She said that her father is twenty-eight years older than her,她说她父亲比她大28岁。He said that light travels much faster than sound.他说光传播比声

11、音传播快得多。5. 宾语从句的否定前移I/We think/believe/imagine/suppose/expect/guess/consider(我/我们认为/想)等后跟宾语从句时,从句的否定一般要转移到主句中来。如:我认为没有人能做到。I dont think anyone will be able to do that. 我们不认为他能来。We dont believe ha can come.学会学习当宾语从句的否定转移时,其反意疑问句中的简略问句部分与从句的主谓一致。I dont believe thats his fault, is it? 我认为这不是他的错,是不是?We d

12、ont think he can lose, can he? 我们认为他不会输,是不是?宾语从句的用法口诀宾语从句三注意,时态、语序、引导词。主句若是过去时,主从时态要一致。宾从表达是真理,一般现在代过去。引导词也不难,陈述要用that连。一般问句表“是否”,if或whether来引导。特殊问句作宾从,疑问词引导就能行。还有一点要说明,陈述语序要记清。二 状语从句用作状语的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句同状语一样,在句中的位置比较灵活,可置于句首、句末或句中,修饰主语中的动词、形容词、副词等,其功能与副词非常相近。 从句根据其在句中表达的不同功能,可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目

13、的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句和比较状语从句。引导时间状语从句的连接词:when, as, while, after, before, since, as soon as, ever since, till, until, once, whenever等。1. 时间状语从句(1) when(当时)引导的时间状语从句when既可引导一个持续性动作,也可以引导一个短暂性动作,可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。如:I was thin when I am a child. 我小时候,长得很瘦。The film had been on when w

14、e arrived. 当我们到达时,电影已经开演了。when引导时间状语从句时,如果主从句主语相同,从句有be动词,则从句可省略主语和be动词。如:When (he was) an young man, he was fond of hunting.他年轻时喜欢打猎。when在“be about to dowhen”,“be doing when”,“had done when”,“be on ones waywhen”,“be on the point of doingwhen”等结构中,作“在那时”讲,表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生,另一动作同时发生。如:The telephone was

15、ringing when I got home.当我到家时,电话铃正响着。(2) while(当时)引导的时间状语从句while引导的动作必须是持续性的,强调某一时间段内,。主从句动作同时发生。My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.当我做作业时,妈妈在做饭。Please dont talk so loud while others are working.当别人工作时,请不要大声说话。学会学习While除了可用作从属连词外,还可用作并列连词,表示相对关系“然而”。I like watching TV while he likes

16、 reading.我喜欢看电影而他喜欢读书。(3) as(当时)引导的时间状语从句as引导时间状语从句时,情调并行发生,不分先后。如:As I left the house, I forgot to take the key.我离开家时,忘了带钥匙。as还可以说明两种正发展或变化的情况,有“随着”的意思,表时间的推移。As I get older, I get more optimistic. 随着年龄的增长,我变得更加乐观了。as常用作“一边一边”。如:I hurried home, looking behind as I was walking.我匆忙地回家,边走边回头看。Jim sing

17、s as he woks. 吉姆一边工作,一边唱歌。强调两个动作紧接着发生。As he was going out, it began to rain.当他出去的时候,开始下雨了。as有时引导一个名词,这时它相当于一个时间状语从句。如:As a boy (when he was boy), he felt hopeless at maths.当他还是孩子时,就对数学失去了希望。(4) before(在前)和after(在后)引导的时间状语从句before引导的时间状语从句,不用否定式谓语。如:Before they got to the bus stop, the bus had gone.在

18、他们到达公共汽车站之前,公共汽车已经走了。当before引导的从句位于主句之后时,可译成“(之后)才”,如果主句中用一般将来时,before从句要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如:It will be long before we meet again.我们要过好久才能再见面。It will be half a year before I come back.要过半年后我才会回来。after引导额时间状语从句,意思是“在之后”。如:After he got the degree, he went to the USA.他得到学位后就去了美国。(5) until和till引导的时间状语从句unti

19、l和till都表示“直到”,常可换用,但till不用于句首,也不用于强调句。“延续性动词(肯定式)+until”表示“动作延续到为止”,译为:“直到为止”。如:You may stay here until the rain stops. 你可以在这里待到雨停。I waited until ( it was) ten oclock.我一直等到10点钟。“非延续性动词/延续性动词的否定式+until”表示“直到才”。如:She didnt go to bed until she had finished her work.她直到完成工作才睡觉。We didnt reach the village

20、 until it was dark.我们直到天黑才到达那个村庄。(6) since引导的时间状语从句,意味“自从”,主句要用完成时态,但时间的计算方式略有不同。since后如果是非延续性动词的过去式,则时间的起点应从该动作结束时算起。如:Mr. Wang has been here since I came here.自从我来以后,王先生就一直在这儿。I have written home but once since I come here.自我到这儿以来,我就只给家里写了一封信。since后如果是延续性动词的过去式,则时间的起点应从动作结束时算起。如:She hasnt been bac

21、k at school since she was ill.自从她生病后一直没到学校。I havent heard from him since he left here.自从他搬走之后,我就没有收到过他的来信。有时时间的起点要从该动作发生时或状态开始时算起,要根据句子的意思来考虑。如:Ive known Mr. Jim since I was a boy.我小的时候就认识吉姆先生了。在句型中,时间一律以since从句的动作完成时算起。如:Its two years since we arrived here.我们到这儿两年了。It was several years since I had

22、known him.我认识他好几年了。(7) as soon as, once引导的时间状语从句都表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作就随即发生,常译作“一就”,这类从句中,经常是主句用一般将来时,从句用一般在时表示即将发生的动作。如:As soon as she arrives, Ill tell her.她一到,我就告诉她。Once you study hard, youll pass the exam.你一旦努力学习,就会通过考试。学会学习“no soonerthan”,“hardlywhen”引导的实际状语从句表示“刚就”。当这些结构置于句首时,主句动作先发生,用过去完成时,从句用一般过去

23、时,主句常用倒装语序,把助动词had放在主语后面。如:No sooner had he reached home than it began to rain.他刚到家,就开始下雨了。No sooner只能和than连用,而hardly只能和when连用,不可混淆。(8) whenever=no matter when(无论何时)引导的时间状语从句。Whenever he comes here, well wait for him.无论他何时来,我们都等他。2. 地点状语从句地点状语从句由where(在那儿),wherever(无论在哪里)引导。We must camp where we get

24、 water.我们必须在能够找到水的地方露营。Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者,事竟成。无论你到何处他都要跟着你。He will follow you wherever you go.3. 原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的连词主要有because, since, as , for等。(1) because因为用来回答why的提问,表示的原因语气最强。如:I do it because I want to d it.我做这件事情是因为我想做。(2) since引导的从句的语气次于because从句,常表示稍加分析后推断出来的原因,或指人们已知的事实

25、,比as正式,一般译为“既然,鉴于”,常置于句首。如:since I must die I must do it.既然我一定要死,那我一定要这样做。Since no one against it, lets carry out the plan.既然没有人反对,我们就执行这个计划吧。(3) as语气最弱,其原因只是对结果瓴附带说明,一般放在句首,意思是“由于,因”。如:As he didnt know much English, he got out his dictionary and looked up the word “cute”.他对英语懂得不多,所以拿出字典查找“cute”这个词。

26、As she wasnt ready on time, we went without her,由于她没有及时准备好,我们没等她就走了。(4) for可表示原因,属并列连词,不是说明直接原因,而是对某种情况加以推断,用于表示补充说明理由。如:the little boy couldnt see anything for he wad blind.= Being blind, the little boy couldnt see anything.那个小男孩瞎了,什么东西也看不见。4. 目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的词组有so that(为了,以便),in order that (以便,这样就)

27、等,谓语含may, might, can could, will would等情态动词。她努力学习,以便成功。She studied hard so that (in order that) she might succeed. 学会学习当从句与主句主语一致时,可与so as to, in order to相互替换。如:He ran fast so that he might arrive there before ten oclock.= He ran fast so as to arrive there before ten oclock.他跑得很快以便于在10点之前到达那里。He wor

28、ked night and day in order that he could succeed.=He worked night and day in order to succeed.为了成功,他日夜都在工作。5. 结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的词组主要有so.that(如此以至于),such that(如此以至于)。He is such a nice boy that we all like him.他是一个如此好的男孩,我们都喜欢他。Kathy is so lovely a girl that we all like to be with her.凯西很可爱,我们都喜欢和她在一起。学会

29、学习 sothat和suchthat的区别so为副词,修饰动词,副词或形容词,不能修饰名词;such是形容词,修饰名词。1.so+adj./adv.+that从句。2.so+adj./adv.+冠词+名词单数+that从句。3.so+many/few/much/little(多/少)+n.+that从句。4.such+冠词+adj.+名词单数+that从句。这个箱子太重了,我搬不动。The box is so heavy that I cant carry it.她如此美丽,我们都喜欢她。She is so beautiful a girl that all of us like her. 没

30、有水了,所以你不能喝了。There is so little water that you cant drink. 她是一个如此好心的女孩,因此她会帮助你。She is such a good girl that she can help you.6. 条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的词或词组常见的有if(如果,假设), unless(除非,如果不), so long as(只要)。如:You will not pass the exam unless you study hard.除非你努力学习,否则你将不能通过考试。I will go there so long as he invites

31、me. 只要他邀请,我就去。学会学习1.“祈使句+and/or”引导的结果状语从句,祈使句在意义上相当于条件状语从句。Hurry up, or else/otherwise youll be late. 快点,否则你会迟到。Use your hand, and youll find a way out. 动动脑筋,你就会想出办法来。2.同时间状语从句一样,条件状语从句如果表示将来时间,要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如:I will go if you go. 如果你去,我就去。I wont wait for him unless he rings tomorrow.除非他明天给我打电话,否则我

32、不会等他。3.如果从句由if引导,又有连系动词be,条件状语从句可用省略形式。如:Come tomorrow if possible.可能的话就明天来吧。If so, you must go back and get it. 如果是这样的话,你必须回去把它拿来。Ill buy a TV set if necessary. 如果有必要,我就买一台电视机。7. 方式状语从句引导方式状语从句的词或词组主要有as(像意义,依照),as if/as though(好像,宛如)。Do as you like.你喜欢怎么做就怎么做。He spoke as if he had been there befor

33、e. 他说起话来,像是曾经到过那里似的。8. 让步状语从句(1) 让步状语从句由连词though, although, as(虽然,尽管), even if, even though, whoever, whatever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however, no matter who (what, which, when, where, how)等引导。(2) though, although 这两个连词用法基本一样,只是前者口语化,后者比较正式,常位于句首。如:Though/Although he was worn out, he kept on

34、 working. 尽管已筋疲力尽,他仍然继续工作。Although the TV set is very clear, I still bought it.尽管这台电视非常贵,我仍然买来了。(3) even if, even though这两个复合连词意义相同,常用以强调让步概念,会有退一步想的意思。如:Well make a trip even if/though the weather is bad.即使天气很糟糕,我们也要去旅行。Even if I were in your place, I wouldnt take the job.即使我在你的位置,我也不会接受这份工作。(4)“wh

35、etheror”可引导让步状语从句。如:Whether you believe it or not, it is true.不管你信不信,这都是真的。(5)“no matter+疑问词”引导让步状语从句,“疑问词+ever”相当于“no matter+疑问词”。如:Whichever/No matter which book you borrow, you must return it in a week.你无论借哪本书,都必须一周内归还。Whenever/No matter when you come back, dont wake me up.不管你什么时候回来,都不要吵醒我。“no ma

36、tter+疑问词”与“wh-+ever”;no matter whom=whomeverno matter who=whoeverno matter what=whateverno matter which=whicheverno matter where=whereverno matter how=howeverno matter when=whenever(6)让步状语从句中,常用一般现在时代替将来时。No matter who he is, he will be punished. 不论是谁,都将受到惩罚。(7)用了引导让步状语从句的从属连词后,不能同时用并列连词but,但可用still

37、,yet等副词来加强语气。Though she was tired, yet/still she went on working. 她虽然疲惫,但仍继续工作。9. 比较状语从句比较状语从句常用的从属连词为asas(和一样),not as/soas(和不一样),than(比),the morethe more(越越),而且这类从句通常以省略形式出现。如:He is as tall as I.他和我一样高。She studied harder than I (study).她学习比我努力。The busier he is, the happier he feels.越忙他就觉得越高兴。3、 定语从

38、句。 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句,被修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。 从句放在所修饰词(即先行词)之后由关系副词或关系代词引导。 如: The story (that) 有read is The Rescue. 你读的故事是营救。 He who laughs last laughs best. 笑到最后的人笑得最好。 引导定语从句的引导词可分为关系代词that, which, who(宾格whom, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when。关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语之间起连接作用,同时充当定语的一个成分。当先行词指人时用who,whom; 当先行词指物时用

39、which; whose 是who和which的所有格形式,表示“.的”;that 既可指人,也可指物。 这些关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语, 作宾语时可省略。如何使用关系代词和关系副词是根据先行词及其在从句中所充当的成分确定的。 关系词引导词所修饰的先行词在从句中所做的成分关系代词who人主语、宾语、表语whom人宾语which物主语、宾语whose人或物定语that人或物主语、宾语、表语 关系词引导词所修饰的先行词在从句中所做的成分关系副词when时间名词时间状语where地点名词地点状语why原因名词原因状语 定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。如: My young

40、er brother who lives in New York has six children. (限制性定语从句) 我住在纽约的那个弟弟有六个孩子。(可能还有其他弟弟) My younger brother, who lives in New york, has six children. (非限制性定语从句) 我弟弟有六个孩子, 他住在纽约。(只有这一个弟弟)1、 关系代词引导的定语从句(1)当先行词指人时使用who和whom。Who在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语;who在定语从句中作宾语,在现代英语中,who也可代替whom在句中作动词的宾语。作宾语的关系代词who,whom可以省略

41、(介词后作宾语的关系代词除外)。如: The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada. 昨天来我们学校参观的那个外国人来自加拿大。 (作主语) The boy (who/whom) we met yesterday is Li Mings younger brother. 昨天我们碰到的那个男孩是李明的弟弟。 (作宾语)(2)当先行词指物时,用which。在从句中作主语或宾语。如:They planted the trees which dont need much water. 他们种的那些树不需要浇太多的水。(作主

42、语) The fish (which) we bought were not fresh, 我们买的鱼都不太新鲜了。(作宾语) (3)whose引导的定语从句,先行词可以是人也可以是物,whose在从句中作定语。如:Miss Smith is the teacher whose house caught fire last week. 史密斯小姐便是上周房子着火的那位教师。(作定语)Harry is the boy whose mother is our math teacher. 哈利这个男孩的母亲是我们的数学老师。 (4)that 先行词既可指人又可指物,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。如:

43、A plane is a machine that can fly. 飞机是一种会飞的机器。(作主语) The nooddles (that) I cooked were delicious. 我做的那些面条好吃极了。(作宾语)学会学习1、 关系代词作介词的宾语时,介词的位置(1)关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间。 为了使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的词,也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。 如: The athlete to whom you talked is a famous runner. 与你谈话的那名运动员是一位著名的跑步健将。 The person to

44、 whom you just talked is Mr. Li. 刚刚与你谈话的人是李先生。 (2)含有介词的短语一般不拆开, 介词仍放在动词的后面。如: Is this the watch which he is looking for? 这是他正在寻找的那块表吗? The old man whom the nurses are looking after is very well now. 护士们正在照料的那位老人现在身体已经非常好了。 (3)关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时,介词不能放在它的前面,只能放在从句中有关动词的后面。如: The city that she lives in is

45、very far away. 她居住的城市非常远。(4)关系代词whose也可以在从句中与它所修饰的名词一起作介词宾语。如: The boss in whose company my father works is a very kind person. 我父亲工作的那个公司的老板是一个非常和善的人。 2、 只用that作关系代词的场合(1)被修饰的先行词为不定代词all, much, everything, nothing, none, the one, something, anything等时,只用that。如: Is there anything (that) I can do for

46、 you? 有什么我可以为你做的吗?(2)先行词被only, very, just, last, one of, all, no, little, few, any等词修饰时,只用that。如: The ony thing that I want to do is to have a rest. 我唯一想做的事情就是休息一会儿。 (3)先行词是由序数词或被序数词修饰时,只用that。如: He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一位通过考试的人。 (4)先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时,只用that。如: This is the best

47、 way that can solve the problem. 这是能够解决问题的最好办法。 (5)先行词既有人又有物时,只用that。如: The film star and her film that you have just talked about is really well-known. 你刚刚谈到的那位电影明星和她的影片确实非常有名。 (6)被修饰词为名词时,只用that。如: He brought two cats yesterday. Now I can see the two that are playing in the garden. 他昨天带回来两只猫,现在我能看

48、到它们在花园里玩耍。 (7)如果两个从句,其中一个关系代词用which,另一个则用that以避免重复。如: He built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before. 他建造了一个工厂,并生产出了一些我们以前没有见过的东西。 (8)主句是there be 结构,修饰其主语的定语从句用that。如: There is a book on the desk that belongs to Frank. 桌子上的那本书是弗兰克的。 3、只用which作关系代词的场合 (1)当关系代词前有介词是,只用whic

49、h。如: This is the house of which the windows face south. 这是那间窗户朝南的房子。 (2)引导非限制性定语从句的which可代表先行词或者前句,译成“这一点,这件事”。如: Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使得我们很开心。 I said nothing, which made him very angry. 我什么也没说,这使他非常生气。 (3)先行词为that, those时,引导词用which。如: Whats that which was put in the car? 放在车子里

50、的是什么东西? (4)一个句子中有两个定语从句时,为避免重复,一个用that,另一个用which。如: Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us. 让我给你看看那本我刚刚从新开的图书馆借来的小说。 4、通常要用who代表人作关系代词的场合 (1)当先行词是one, ones, anyone或those时,只用who。如: Anyone who does that must be mad. 谁那样做,一定是疯了。 Those who dare to break the

51、 law will be punished. 那些不遵守法律的人将会受到惩罚。 (2)用在there be 结构中,先行词指人时,只用who。如: There is a young man who wants to see you. 有一个年轻人想要见你。 (3)当先行词是人,后面有较长修饰语时,只用who。如: I met a friend of mine in the park yesterday who had got three gold medals in the Asian Games. 昨天我在公园见到一个朋友,他在亚运会上得了三块金牌。 (4)为了避免重复或者引起歧义,当句子中

52、有两个定语从句时,一个用that,另一个用who。如: The man that spoke at the meeting is our new headmaster who has just come from Shanghai.那个在会上讲话的人是我们的新校长,他来自上海。 (5)当先行词是I, you, he, they等时(常用于谚语之中),只用who。如: He who plays with fire gets burned. 玩火自焚。2、关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词有why, when, where在定语从句中代替先行词,作状语,不可省略,有时也可用“介词+which”代替。

53、 (1)when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。如:I still remember the day when (=on which) I first came to Beijing. 我仍旧记得我第一次来北京的那一天。Well never forget the happy time when we worked on the farm. 我们永远也忘不了在农场劳动时的那段快乐时光。 (2)where 指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语。如: This is the house where we lived last year. 这是我们去年住过的那间房子。 The factory where h

54、is father works is in the west of the city. 他父母工作的那家工厂在城市的西部。 (3)why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。如: There are several reasons why we cant do that. 有几个原因使我们不能那样做。 He couldnt give the teacher a good reason why he was late for school. 他不能给老师一个很好的迟到的理由。 3、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 (1)限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语从句,如果去掉,主句的

55、意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切,书写时不可用逗号分开。如:She has found the necklace (that) she lost two weeks ago. 她找到了她两周前丢失的项链。How do you apologize to your friend whose bike you lost? 你该怎么样向你弄丢了人家自行车的那位朋友道歉?The accident happened on the day when I lost my job. 事故发生的那一天我丢失了我的工作。 (2)非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切,只是对先行词作些附加的说明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然很清楚。 这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开,一般不用that引导。如:Helen, who was siting on my left, said t

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