2012届高三英语二轮复习 专题一 人物传记型阅读理解精品课件 新课标

1、专题一专题一 人物传记型阅读理解人物传记型阅读理解专题导读专题导读专题一专题一 专题导读专题导读这类文章一般可分为人物传记和短篇故事两类。人物传记这类文章一般可分为人物传记和短篇故事两类。人物传记主要涉及某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、主要涉及某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长和奋斗历程等，其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主成长和奋斗历程等，其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，脉络清楚，可读性较强。因此，阅读这类文章应该抓住时线，脉络清楚，可读性较强。因此，阅读这类文章应该抓住时间线索来获取有关信息，即主人公在某个时间做过什么，然后间线索来获取有关信息，即主

2、人公在某个时间做过什么，然后通过分析推理、综合归纳的方法进行解题。通过分析推理、综合归纳的方法进行解题。 专题一专题一 专题导读专题导读 短篇故事与人物传记不同的是，这类文章一般描述的是短篇故事与人物传记不同的是，这类文章一般描述的是某一件具体事情的发生、发展或结局，有人物、时间、地点和某一件具体事情的发生、发展或结局，有人物、时间、地点和事件。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者事件。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的态度及意图、故事前因和后果的推测等方面着手，考查学生的态度及意图、故事前因和后果的推测等方面着手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。阅读这类

3、材料时，同学对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。阅读这类材料时，同学们一定要根据主要情节掌握文章主旨大意，同时抓住每一个细们一定要根据主要情节掌握文章主旨大意，同时抓住每一个细节，设身处地根据文章内容揣摩作者的态度和意图，根据情节节，设身处地根据文章内容揣摩作者的态度和意图，根据情节展开想象，即使是碰到深层理解题也可迎刃而解。展开想象，即使是碰到深层理解题也可迎刃而解。专题一专题一 专题导读专题导读这两类阅读材料一般较长，即词数多，而且命题也较多，这两类阅读材料一般较长，即词数多，而且命题也较多，特别是推理判断题和事实理解题多。同学们在做此类阅读理解特别是推理判断题和事实理解题多。同学们在做此类

4、阅读理解题时往往是材料看得懂，题目不好做的感觉。因此，同学们在题时往往是材料看得懂，题目不好做的感觉。因此，同学们在阅读材料时要重点放在事情发展的过程和结果上，注意把握事阅读材料时要重点放在事情发展的过程和结果上，注意把握事件的发展进程及人物之间的关系，细节与主题的关系，用以说件的发展进程及人物之间的关系，细节与主题的关系，用以说明人物性格特点的事实、作者的态度等，这些内容往往是推理明人物性格特点的事实、作者的态度等，这些内容往往是推理判断题的命题点。掌握了这些内容，同学们在做推理判断题时判断题的命题点。掌握了这些内容，同学们在做推理判断题时专题一专题一 专题导读专题导读就不会以个人思维想象代

5、替根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理就不会以个人思维想象代替根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断，也只有这样才不会以偏概全。至于事实细节题的解答，判断，也只有这样才不会以偏概全。至于事实细节题的解答，同学们切忌想当然或者凭印象，一定要找到文章中的原句，和同学们切忌想当然或者凭印象，一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确选择。题干进行比较，再做出正确选择。专题一专题一 真题典例真题典例真题典例真题典例 2011山东卷山东卷 Arthur Miller (19152005) is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists

6、 of the 20th century. Millers father had moved to the USA from Austria Hungary，drawn like so many others by the “Great American Dream”However, he experienced severe financial hardship when his family business was ruined in the Great Depression of the early l930s. 专题一专题一 真题典例真题典例Millers most famous p

7、lay, Death of a Salesman, is a powerful attack on the American system, with its aggressive way of doing business and its insistence on money and social status as indicators of worth. In Willy Loman, the hero of the play, we see a man who has got into trouble with this system. Willy is “burnt out” an

8、d in the cruel world of business there is no room for sentiment: if he cant do the work, then he is no good to his employer, the Wagner Company, and he must go. 专题一专题一 真题典例真题典例Willy is painfully aware of this, and at a loss as to what to do with his lack of success. He refuses to face the fact that

9、he has failed and kills himself in the end. When it was first staged in 1949, the play was greeted with enthusiastic reviews, and it won the Tony Award for Best Play, the New York Drama Critics Circle Award, and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. It was the first play to win all three of these major awar

10、ds. 专题一专题一 真题典例真题典例 Miller died of heart failure at his home in Roxbury, Connecticut, on the evening of February 10,2005, the 56th anniversary of the first performance of Death of a Salesman on Broadway. 【解析【解析】本文是一篇人物简介。主要介绍了著名的剧作家】本文是一篇人物简介。主要介绍了著名的剧作家 Arthur Miller以及他的著名的作品以及他的著名的作品Death of a Sal

11、esman。专题一专题一 真题典例真题典例 ()1.Why did Arthur Miller s father move to the USA? AHe suffered from severe hunger in his home country. BHe was attracted by the “Great American Dream” CHe hoped to make his son a dramatist. DHis family business failed. 【解析】【解析】 B细节理解题。根据第一段细节理解题。根据第一段Millers father had moved

12、to the USA from Austria Hungary，drawn like so many others by the “Great American Dream”可可知他是受到知他是受到Great American Dream的吸引才搬往美国的。的吸引才搬往美国的。专题一专题一 真题典例真题典例 ()2.The play Death of a Salesman _. Aexposes the cruelty of the American business world Bdiscusses the ways to get promoted in a company Ctalks a

13、bout the business career of Arthur Miller Dfocuses on the skills in doing business 【解析【解析】 A细节理解题。根据第二段细节理解题。根据第二段Death of a Salesman, is a powerful attack on the American system，with its aggressive way of doing business and its insistence on money and social status as indicators of worth.可知这部可知这部作品

14、暴露了美国商业界的残酷。作品暴露了美国商业界的残酷。专题一专题一 真题典例真题典例 ()3.What can we learn about Willy Loman? AHe treats his employer badly. BHe runs the Wagner Company. CHe is a victim of the American system. DHe is regarded as a hero by his colleagues. 【解析【解析】 C推理判断题。根据第二段最后推理判断题。根据第二段最后He refuses to face the fact that he h

15、as failed and kills himself in the end.可可知他最终自杀了，由此可知他是美国制度的牺牲品。知他最终自杀了，由此可知他是美国制度的牺牲品。专题一专题一 真题典例真题典例 ()4.After it was first staged, Death of a Salesman _. Aachieved huge success Bwon the first Tony Award Cwas warmly welcomed by salesmen Dwas severely attacked by dramatists 【解析】【解析】A细节理解题。根据第三段细节理解

16、题。根据第三段When it was first staged in 1949, It was the first play to win all three of these major awards.可知这部作品在第一次演出时获得了巨大的成可知这部作品在第一次演出时获得了巨大的成功。功。专题一专题一 真题典例真题典例 ()5.What is the text mainly about? AArthur Miller and his family. BThe awards Arthur Miller won. CThe hardship Arthur Miller experienced.

17、DArthur Miller and his best known play. 【解析【解析】 D主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了剧作家主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了剧作家Arthur Miller以及他的著名的作品以及他的著名的作品Death of a Salesman。所以答案为所以答案为D。专题一专题一 新题预测新题预测 (一一)Benjamin Banneker was born a few months before another great AmericanGeorge Washington. Benjamin was black, but he was not a slave. He a

18、nd his mother and his grandmother were free.Benjamins grandmother came from England. In America she got a job and worked for many years to pay for her boat trip across the ocean. After working many more years, she saved enough money to buy a farm. Benjamin lived with her for a while. She taught him

19、to read and write and do arithmetic. 新题预测新题预测专题一专题一 新题预测新题预测Benjamins neighbors knew that he was clever. They were not surprised when he built a large wooden clock. He made each piece after studying a small pocket watch. The clock made him famous, for it was one of the first clocks built in America.

20、 People from other places began to send hard problems of all kinds for Benjamin to settle.Thomas Jefferson learned of Benjamin Bannekers ability to settle hard problems. He asked Banneker to help build the city that was to be the capital of the United StatesWashington, DC. 专题一专题一 新题预测新题预测Banneker wo

21、rked hard on the plans for the city. He marked where the streets and buildingsthe Capital (国会大国会大厦厦), the White House, and many others should be built. Later, LEnfant, the Frenchman who had designed the new city, had a quarrel, and went back to France in anger. He took all of the plans with him. The

22、 workmen couldnt build without any plans to follow. 专题一专题一 新题预测新题预测For a while it seemed that the plans for the capital might have to be changed. But Benjamin Banneker remembered the plans he had helped draw. He drew each again just as he once had built each piece of his clock.If it werent for Benja

23、min Banneker, Washington, DC. might look very different from the way it does today. 【解析】本文是人物介绍。全文介绍了黑人设【解析】本文是人物介绍。全文介绍了黑人设Benjamin Banneker。专题一专题一 新题预测新题预测()1.Benjamin Banneker is remembered to this day mainly because_.Ahe made one of the first clocks in AmericaBhe used to be an assistant to LEnfa

24、nt, who had designed the city WashingtonChe designed the city Washington when LEnfant leftDhe was able to build the city Washington as LEnfant left with his plans专题一专题一 新题预测新题预测【解析【解析】 D主旨大意题。全文叙述了主旨大意题。全文叙述了Banneker做了两做了两件事件事制造了美国最早的钟表之一；设计了美国首都华盛制造了美国最早的钟表之一；设计了美国首都华盛顿。显然前者不如后者名声大。顿。显然前者不如后者名声大。专题

25、一专题一 新题预测新题预测()2.When Banneker built a large wooden clock，_.Apeople in America showed no surpriseBhis name spread all over AmericaChe became the first man in America to build a clockDpeople came from other places to congratulate him 【解析】【解析】 B细节理解题。从细节理解题。从The clock made him famous，及下句得此答案。及下句得此答案。A

26、有一定干扰性，有一定干扰性，people应改为应改为his neighbors。 专题一专题一 新题预测新题预测()3.Thomas Jefferson asked Banneker to help build the city Washington because he was told that Banneker was_.Afamous Bclever Chardworking DSerious 【解析】【解析】 B细节理解题。从上一句细节理解题。从上一句Thomas Jefferson learned of Benjamin Bannekers ability to settle ha

27、rd problems 得知，得知，Jefferson欣赏欣赏Banneker的聪明才智。的聪明才智。 专题一专题一 新题预测新题预测()4.In building the city Washington, Banneker showed_.Ahe had a good memory Bhe was never tired of workingChe feared no difficultiesDhe was good at drawing 【解析】【解析】 A推理判断题。从第六段和第七段我们知道，推理判断题。从第六段和第七段我们知道，在在LEnfant 带走所有计划图以后，带走所有计划图以后

28、，Banneker仍能记住计划仍能记住计划图的内容，因此我们说他有很好的记忆力。图的内容，因此我们说他有很好的记忆力。专题一专题一 新题预测新题预测 (二二)Think of some of your favorite singers. When you listen, they can make you happy or sad, peaceful or angry. They can make you relax or want to get up and dance. Gifted singers have the power to affect us in many waysemoti

29、onally, physically and mentally.But becoming a great singer isnt as easy as listening to one. It takes practice, devotion and strong lungs! Just ask the well known American opera(歌剧歌剧)star Carol Vaness.专题一专题一 新题预测新题预测 At the Metropolitan Opera in New York City where she often sings, Carols voice mus

30、t be loud enough to be heard by four thousand people. It must reach every person in the theater, without a microphone, even when shes singing softly. The reason Carol can project her voice that far is the way she breathes.“When you breathe, its like a swimmer taking a deep breath before going underw

31、ater，” Carol explains. “You have to take a lot of air into your lungs.”专题一专题一 新题预测新题预测 According to Carol, the main difference between pop singing and opera is “how you breathe, how much air you take in, and how you control it coming out. Regular singing is more like speaking, and its a lot softer.

32、When I sing for children, theyre often surprised by how the vibrations strike their earslike waves on a beach, ” Carol says. “In opera, the air doesnt just go out of your mouthit vibrates in your chest, the way a guitar vibrates when its played.”专题一专题一 新题预测新题预测Ever since she started piano lessons at

33、 the age of ten, Carol has loved music. As she got older, she decided to become a music teacher. When she went to college, she took singing lessons as part of her studies. Her voice teacher discovered that nineteen year old Carol had an exceptionally beautiful soprano voicethe highest singing voice

34、for women.专题一专题一 新题预测新题预测Carol decided to make opera her goal, not only because she loved to sing but also because she loved the drama. Opera isa play in which the characters sing the words instead of speaking them. The stories of opera can be tragic or comical. They can be personal stories about tw

35、o people falling in love or grand stories about kings and queens who lived long ago. As the characters in an opera sing, the emotions(情情感感)expressed by words and music come to life. 专题一专题一 新题预测新题预测 Today, Carol performs throughout the United States and Europe and she has sung for almost twenty years

36、. But she has never forgotten where she started singing in the first palace. “Put_ your_ heart_ into_ your_ singing and enjoy it，” says Carol, “because singing is a great joy. Thats why I sing. In fact, thats why everybody sings.” 【解析】通读全文，本文是人物介绍，全文介绍了美国【解析】通读全文，本文是人物介绍，全文介绍了美国著名的歌剧明星著名的歌剧明星Carol Vaness的成长经历，以及她对歌剧的成长经历，以及她对歌剧中用声的看法。中用声的看法。专题一专题一 新题预测新题预测()1.According to the passage, the Metropolitan Opera in New York City _.Ais a five story building Bcan seat 4,000 peopleChas no microphone in itDcan project the singers voice 【解析】【解析】B细