2018年全国医学考博英语试题

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上2018MD 全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答题须知1.请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在试卷一答题纸和试卷二标准答题卡上认真填写清楚，并按“考场指令”要求，将准考证号在标准答题卡上划好。2.试卷一(Paper One)答案和试卷二(Paper Two)答案都作答在标准答题卡上，不要做在试卷上。3.试卷一答题时必须使用2B铅笔，将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑；如要更正，先用橡皮擦干净。书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域。4.标准答题卡不可折叠，同时答题卡须保持平整干净，以利评分。5.听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15秒左右的答题时间

2、。国家医学考试中心PAPER ONEPart 1 ：Listening comprehension（30%）Section A Directions:In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers, At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said, The question will be read only once, After you hear the question, r

3、ead the four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Listen to the following example You will hear Woman: I feel faint. Man: No wonder. You havent had a bite all day. Question: Whats the matter with the woman? You will r

4、ead: A. She is sick. B. She was bitten by an ant. C. She is hungry. D. She spilled her paint. Here C is the right answer. Sample Answer A B C D Now lets begin with question Number 1.1. A. About 12 pintsB. About 3 pintsC. About 4 pintsD. About 7 pints2. A. Take a holiday from work.B. Worry less about

5、 work.C. Take some sleeping pills.D. Work harder to forget all her troubles.3. A. He has no complaints about the doctor.B. He wont complain anything.C. He is in good condition.D. He couldnt be worse.4. A. She is kidding.B. She will get a raise.C. The man will get a raise.D. The man will get a promot

6、ion.5. A. Her daughter likes ball games.B. Her daughter is an exciting child.C. She and her daughter are good friends.D. She and her daughter dont always understand each other.6. A. She hurt her uncle.B. She hurt her ankle.C. She has a swollen toe.D. She needs a minor surgery.7. A. John likes gambli

7、ng.B. John is very fond of his new boss.C. John has ups and downs in the new company.D. John has a promising future in the new company.8. A. She will get some advice from the front desk.B. She will undergo some lab tests.C. She will arrange an appointment.D. She will get the test results.9. A. Shes

8、an odd character.B. She is very picky.C. She is easy-going.D. She likes fashions.10. A. At a street corner.B. In a local shop.C. In a ward.D. In a clinic.11. A. Sea food.B. Dairy products.C. Vegetables and fruits.D. Heavy foods.12. A. He is having a good time.B. He very much likes his old bicycle.C.

9、 He will buy a new bicycle right away.D. He would rather buy a new bicycle later.13. A. It is only a cough.B. Its a minor illness.C. It started two weeks ago.D. Its extremely serious.14. A. The woman is too optimistic about the stock market.B. The woman will even lose more money at the stock market.

10、C. The stock market bubble will continue to grow.D. The stock market bubble will soon meet its demise.15. A. The small pills should be taken once a day before sleep.B. The yellow pills should be taken once a day before supper.C. The white pills should be taken once a day before breakfast.D. The larg

11、e round pills should be taken three times a day after meals.Section BDirection: In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages, after each of which, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D, Choose the best answer and mar

12、k the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Dialogue16. A. Because he had difficulty swallowing it.B. Because it was upsetting his stomach.C. Because he was allergic to it.D. Because it was too expensive.17. A. He cant play soccer any more.B. He has a serious foot problem.C. He needs an operatio

13、n.D. He has cancer.18. A. A blood transfusion.B. An allergy test.C. A urine test.D. A biopsy.19. A. To see if he has cancer.B. To see if he has depression.C. To see if he requires surgery.D. To see if he has a food allergy problem.20. A. Relieved.B. Anxious.C. Angry.D. Depressed.Passage One21. A. Th

14、e cause of COPD.B. Harmful effects of smoking.C. Men more susceptible to harmful effects of smoking.D. Women more susceptible to harmful effects of smoking.22. A. 954.B. 955.C. 1909.D. 1955.23. A. On May 18 in San Diego.B. On May 25 in San Diego.C. On May 18 in San Francisco.D. On May 25 in San Fran

15、cisco.24. A. When smoking exposure is high.B. When smoking exposure is low.C. When the subjects received medication.D. When the subjects stopped smoking.25. A. Hormone differences in men and women.B. Genetic differences between men and women.C. Womens active metabolic rate.D. Womens smaller airways.

16、Passage Two26. A. About 90,000.B. About 100,000.C. Several hundreds.D. About 5,000.27. A. Warning from Goddard Space Flight Center.B. Warning from the Kenyan health ministry.C. Experience gained from the 1997 outbreak.D. Proper and prompt Aid from NASA.28. A. Distributing mosquito nets.B. Persuading

17、 people not to slaughter animals.C. Urging people not to eat animals.D. Dispatching doctors to the epidemic-stricken area.29. A. The higher surface temperatures in the equatorial part of the Indian Ocean.B. The short-lived mosquitoes that were the hosts of the viruses.C. The warm and dry weather in

18、the Horn of Africa.D. The heavy but intermittent rains.30. A. Warning from NASA.B. How to treat Rift Valley fever.C. The disastrous effects of Rift Valley fever.D. Satellites and global health remote diagnosis.Part II Vocabulary (10%)Section A Direction: In this section, all the sentences are incomp

19、lete. Four words or phrases, marked A B C and D .are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. 31. A good nights sleep is believed to help slow the stomachs emptying, produce a smoother, less abrupt a

20、bsorption of sugar, and will better _ brain metabolism.A. regulateB. activateC. retainD. consolidate32. The explosion and the oil spill below the surface of the Gulf of Mexico left my mind in such a _ that I couldnt get to sleep.A. catastropheB. boycottC. turmoil D. mentality33. Coronary heart attac

21、ks occur more commonly in those with high blood pressure, in the obese, in cigarette smokers, and in those _ to prolonged emotional and mental strain.A. sympatheticB. ascribedC. preferableD. subjected34. Most colds are acquired by children in school and then _ to adults.A. conveyedB. transmittedC. a

22、ttributedD. relayed35. Several of the most populous nations in the world _ at the lower end of the table of real GDP per capita last year.A. fluctuatedB. languishedC. retardedD. vibrated36. Presently this kind of anti-depressant is still in clinical _, even though the concept has been around since 1

23、900s.A. trialsB. applicationsC. implicationsD. endeavors37. Studies revealed that exposure to low-level radiation for a long time may weaken the immune system, _ aging, and cause cancer.A. haltB. postponeC. retardD. accelerate38. The mayor candidates personality traits, being modest and generous, _

24、people in his favor before the election.A. predisposedB. presumedC. presidedD. pressured39. With its graceful movements and salubrious effects on health, Tai Chi has a strong _ to a vast multitude of people.A. flavorB. thrillC. appealD. implication40. If you are catching a train, it is always better

25、 to be _ early than even a fraction of a minute too late.A. infinitelyB. temporarilyC. comfortablyD. favorablySection B Directions: Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence, Choose the word or phrase which can best keep th

26、e meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part, Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. 41. All Nobel Prize winners success is a process of long-term accumulation, in which lasting efforts are indispensable.A. irresistibleB. cherishedC. inseparableD. requisite42. The Q

27、ueens presence imparted an air of elegance to the drinks reception at Buckingham Palace in London.A. bestowedB. exhibitedC. imposedD. emitted43. Physicians are clear that thyroid dysfunction is manifest in growing children in the form of mental and physical retardation.A. intensifiedB. apparentC. re

28、presentativeD. insidious44. The mechanism that the eye can accommodate itself to different distances has been applied to automatic camera, which marks a revolutionary technique advance.A. yield B. amplify C. adapt D. cast 45. Differences among believers are common; however, it was the pressure of re

29、ligious persecution that exacerbated their conflicts and created the split of the union.A. eradicatedB. deterioratedC. vanquishedD. averted46. When Picasso was particularly poor, he might have tried to obliterate the original composition by painting over it on canvases.A. duplicateB. eliminateC. sub

30、stituteD. compile47. For the sake of animal protection, environmentalists deplored the construction program of a nuclear power station.A. disapprovedB. despisedC. demolishedD. decomposed48. Political figures in particular are held to very strict standards of marital fidelity.A. loyaltyB. moralityC.

31、qualityD. stability49. The patient complained that his doctor had been negligent in not giving him a full examination.A. prudentB. ardentC. carelessD. brutal50. She has been handling all the complaints without wrath for a whole morning.A. furyB. chaosC. despairD. agony Part III Cloze (10%)Directions

32、: In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D on the right side. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. 专心-专注-专业For years, scientists have been warning us that the radiation from mob

33、ile phones is detrimental to our health, without actually having any evidence to back these _51_ up. However, research now suggests that mobile phone radiation has at least one positive side effect: it can help prevent Alzheimers, _52_ in the mice that acted as test subjects.Its been suspected, thou

34、gh never proven, that heavy use of mobile phones is bad for your health. Its thought that walking around with a cellphone permanently attached to the side of your head is almost sure to be _53_ your brain. And that may well be true, but Id rather wait until its proven before giving up that part of m

35、y daily life.But what has now been proven, in a very perfunctory manner, is that mobile phone radiation can have an effect on your brain. _54_ in this case it was a positive rather than negative effect.According to BBC news, the Florida Alzheimers Disease Research Center conducted a study on 96 mice

36、 to see if the radiation given off by mobile phones could affect the onset of Alzheimers.Some of the mice were “genetically altered to develop beta-amyloid plaques in their brains” _55_ they aged. These are a marker of Alzheimers. all 96 mice were then “exposed to the electro-magnetic _56_ generated

37、 by a standard phone for two one-hour periods each day for seven to nine months.” The lucky things._57_ the experiment showed that the mice altered to be predisposed to dementia were protected from the disease if exposed before the onset of the illness. Their cognitive abilities were so unimpaired a

38、s to be virtually _58_ to the mice not genetically altered in any way.Unfortunately, although the results are positive, the scientists dont actually know why exposure to mobile phone radiation has this effect. But its hoped that further study and testing could result in a non-invasive _59_ for preve

39、nting and treating Alzheimers disease.Autopsies carried out on the mice also concluded no ill-effects of their exposure to the radiation. However, the fact that the radiation prevented Alzheimers means mobile phones _60_ our brains and bodies in ways not yet explored. And its sure there are negative

40、 as well as this one positive.51. A. devicesB. risksC. phenomenaD. claims52. A. at leastB. at mostC. as ifD. as well53. A. blockingB. cookingC. exhaustingD. cooling54. A. ExceptB. EvenC. DespiteD. Besides55. A. untilB. whenC. asD. unless56. A. rangeB. continuumC. spectrumD. field57. A. ReasonablyB.

41、ConsequentlyC. AmazinglyD. Undoubtedly58. A. identicalB. beneficialC. preferableD. susceptible59. A. effort B. methodC. huntD. account60. A. do affectB. did affectC. is affectingD. could have affectedPart IV Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: In this part there are six passages, each of which is

42、 followed by five questions. For each question there are four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage oneI have just returned from Mexico, where I visited a factory making medical masks. Faced with fierce competit

43、ion, the owner has cut his costs by outsourcing some of his production. Scores of people work for him in their homes, threading elastic into masks by hand. They are paid below the minimum wage, with no job security and no healthcare provision.Users of medical masks and other laboratory gear probably

44、 give little thought to where their equipment comes from. That needs to change. A significant proportion of these products are made in the developing world by low-paid people with inadequate labor rights. This leads to human misery on a tremendous scale.Take lab coats. Many are made in India, where

45、most cotton farmers are paid an unfair price for their crops and factory employees work illegal hours for poor pay.One-fifth of the worlds surgical instruments are made in northern Pakistan. When I visited the area a couple of years ago I found most workers toiling 12 hours a day, seven days a week,

46、 for less than a dollar a day, exposed to noise, metal dust and toxic chemicals. Thousands of children, some as young as 7, work in the industry.To win international contracts, factory owners must offer rock-bottom prices, and consequently drive down wages and labor conditions as far as they can. We

47、 laboratory scientists in the developed world may unwittingly be encouraging this: we ask how much our equipment will cost, but which of us asks who made it and how much they were paid?This is no small matter. Science is supposed to benefit humanity, but because of the conditions under which their t

48、ools are made, may scientists may actually be causing harm.What can be done? A knee-jerk boycott of unethical goods is not the answer; it would just make things worse for workers in those manufacturing zones. What we need is to start asking suppliers to be transparent about where and how their produ

49、cts are manufactured and urge them to improve their manufacturing practices.It can be done. Many universities are committed to fair trade in the form of ethically sourced tea, coffee or bananas. That model should be extended to laboratory goods.There are signs that things are moving. Over the past f

50、ew years I have worked with health services in the UK and in Sweden. Both have recently instituted ethical procurement practices. If science is truly going to help humanity, it needs to follow suit.61. From the medical masks to lab coats, the author is trying to tell us _. A. the practice of occupat

51、ional protection in the developing worldB. the developing countries plagued by poverty and disease.C. the cheapest labor in the developing countries.D. the human misery behind them.62. The concerning phenomenon the author has observed, according to the passage, _.A. is nothing but the repetition of

52、the miserable history.B. could have been even exaggerated.C. is unfamiliar to the wealthy west.D. is prevailing across the world.63. The author argues that when researchers in the wealthy west buy the tools of their trade, they should _.A. have the same concern with the developing countries.B. be bl

53、ind to their sources for the sake of humanityC. pursue good bargains in the international market.D. spare a thought for how they were made.64. A proper course of action suggested by the author is _.A. to refuse to import the unethical goods from the developing world.B. to ask scientists to tell the

54、truth as the prime value of their work.C. to urge the manufacturers to address the immoral issues.D. to improve the transparency of international contracts.65. By saying at the end of the passage that if science is truly going to help humanity, it needs to follow suit, the author means that _.A. the

55、 scientific community should stand up for all humanity B. the prime value of scientists work is to tell the truth.C. laboratory goods also need to be ethically sourced.D. because of science, there is hope for humanity.Passage twoA little information is a dangerous thing. A lot of information, if its

56、 inaccurate or confusing, even more so. This is a problem for anyone trying to spend or invest in an environmentally sustainable way. Investors are barraged with indexes purporting to describe companies eco-credentials, some of dubious quality. Green labels on consumer products are ubiquitous, but their claims are hard to verify. The confusion is evident form New Scientis