外研社高一英语必修1语法总结

1、一、一般现在时一般现在时表示经常性、 习惯性的动作, 或表示现在的特征、 状态。当主语是非第三人称单 数时,行为动词要发生相应的变化。一般现在时的用法及特点 :1 、表示经常或者反复发生的动作 . 如 : 我每天吃午饭 . I have lunch every day.2 、还表示现在存在的一种状态 . 如:我姐姐是一位老师. My sister is a teacher.3 、 客观真理, 客观存在, 科学事实。 例如:The earth moves around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。4 、一般现在时态经常与 often (经常 sometimes (有时 always (总是

2、usually (通常 等频率词连用, 也经常与 every day(每天 , every week(每周 , every month(每月 , every term (每学期 , every year(每年 , once a week (一周一次 , twice a year(一年两次等 表示时间的词连用。5 、第三人称单数问题一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,即常在动词原形后加 -s 或 -es 。1、当主语不是第三人称单数时,结构是:肯定句 : 主语+行为动词原形+其他 We speak Chinese.否定句 : 主语+dont +行为动词原形+其他 We dont speak C

3、hinese.一般疑问句:Do +主语+行为动词原形+其他? Do you speak Chinese?肯定回答:Yes ,主语+do Yes, we do.否定回答:No ,主语+dont No, we dont.2、当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词不能用原形了,而是要相应的变化, 其变化规则是:动词原形变第三人称单数的规则与发音规律同名词单数变复数大致相同,请认真观察。 1、大多数动词在词尾加 S 在清辅音后发音为 s,在浊辅音及元音后发音为 z。如: stop -stops s ; make-makes s read -reads z ; play-plays z 2 、 以辅音字母加

4、y 结尾的,要先将 y 变为 i ,然后在加 es 读 iz 如: fly-flies z; carry -carries z study-studies z; worry-worries 3 、以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾的,在词尾加 es ,发音为 iz 如: teach-teaches iz; watch-watches iz 4 、 以 o 结尾的动词, 加 es , 读 z 如: go -goes z do-does z其结构是:肯定句:主语 +动词的第三人称单数 +其他 He speaks English.否定句:主语 +doesn't+动词原形 +其他 He doe

5、sn't speak English.一般疑问句:Does +主语 +动词原形 +其他 ? Does he speak English?肯定回答:Yes ,主语+does. Yes, he does.否定回答:No ,主语+doesn't. No, he doesn't.练习题:work watch clean write teach wash play read do fly study go drink cry have sit Swim make run carry leave arrive jump come Speak wear walk buy help p

6、ack take talk tell know look love live eat want say1. He_ TV every evening. (watch2. We always _ to school on foot. (go3. Tom, with his classmates, often _ football after school. (play4. Your shoes _ under the bed. (be5. _ here and _ by me. (come, stand6. His uncle usually _ to work by bus. (go7. I

7、always _ up at six in the morning.(get8. John _ like his father. (look.布莱克太太经常在英语上帮助我们。Mrs. black often _ us _ our English .用词的适当形式填空。1.What time_ his father_(do the work?2.He _(get up at five o clock.3._you_(brush your teeth every morning.4.What _ ( do he usually _( do after school?5.Tom _ ( study

8、English, Chinese, Maths, Science and Art at school.6. Kitty sometimes _(go to the park with his sister.7.At eight at night, she _( watch TV with her parents.8._Mike_( read English every day?9.How many lessons_ your classmates_( have on Monday? 10.We often_ ( play football in the playground.( 1. _ yo

9、u have a book?A. DoB. AreC. IsD. Have(2. They _ on a farm.A. workingB. is workC. workD. is worked( 3. Does Peter like to watch TV?_.A. Yes, he likeB. No, he doesn t C. Yes, he d likeD. No, he likes (4. She doesn t _ her homework in the afternoon. A. doingB. to doC. doesD. do(5. How _ Mr. Brown _ to

10、America?A. do,goB. is,goC. does,goD. does,goes(6. Where s my camera? I_ it.A. am not findingB. am not seeingC. can t findD. can t look at (7. How_ he go to work?He _ to work by bike.A. does ;goB. do;goesC. do ;goD. does;goes(8. _ you usually late for school? No, _.A. Do ; I amB. Does ;notC. Are ; I

11、m notD. Are ; I aren t(9. _ she _ home at six every day?A. Is , leaveB. Does , leaveC. Is , leavesD. Does , left(10. Mr. Yang _ English this term.A. teaches ourB. teaches usC. teaches usD. teach our填空题 1.Let him _(playbasketball.2.Everyone_(knowwhat he really like.3.Those girls_(bemy sisters.4.That

12、girl_(callme every Sunday.5.How_(doshe_(spellthe word?用括号里面的词的适当形式填空1. The desk _(havefour legs.2. She _ (do her homework every day.3. This problem is easy, _ (say Ann.4. He _ (live in Shijiazhuang.5. He _ (need a pair of shoes.6. Does Danny_ (see the apple tree?7. She_ (come from America.8. The gir

13、l _ (look out of the window and sees many birds in the sky.9. Jenny runs home and_ (sit on the chair.10. The train_ (leave at 10:13 in the morning.11. That hat _ (look like a cat.12. Danny _ (hurt his nose.13. Danny_ (fall and breaks his tail.14. Danny and her mother sometimes _ (go for a walk after

14、 supper. 15. My mother _ (walk to the office every day.5 、用括号里所给词的适当形式,写出下列句子的否定句。1.The desk _ _ (havefour legs.2. She _ _ (do her homework every day.3. Danny_ _ (fall and breaks his tail.4. He _ _ (live in Shijiazhuang.5. He _ _ (need a pair of shoes.6. Danny_ _ (see the apple tree.7. She_ _ (come

15、from America.8. My mother and father_ _ (walk to the office every day.9. Danny and her mother sometimes _ _ (go for a walk after supper. 10. The train_ _ (leave at 10:13 am.11. That hat _ _ (look like a cat.12. Danny _ _ (hurt his nose.二、现在进行时现在进行时表示动作发生的时间是 现在 ,动作目前的状态是 正在进行中 。所谓 正在进 行中 ,是指在说话时动作正在

16、进行中。现在进行时的构成是 :主语 +be+v.ing现在分词形式第一人称 单数 I+am+doing+Sth.第一人称 复 数 We+are+doing +Sth. 第二人称单 (复 数 You+are+doing+Sth. 第三人称单数 He (She , it +is+doing+Sth. 第三人称复数 They+are+doing +Sth. 肯定句 :主语 +be(is/am/are +现在分词 否定句:主语 +be(is/am/are +not+现在分词 一般疑问句 :be(is/am/are +主语 +现在分词特殊疑问句 :特殊疑问词 +相应 be 动词 +主语 +现在分词 +S

17、th?变化规则1. 直接 + ing(例:sleep+ing sleeping2. 去掉不发音的 e+ing(例:bite-e+ing biting3. ,且末尾只有 1个 ,双写辅音字母 +ing(例:sit sitting beginning,getting,putting run - running stop - stopping cut - cuttingcontrol - controlling4. 特殊变化:die-dying,lie-lying , tie-tying现在进行时的基本用法:A 表示现在 ( 指说话人说话时 正在发生的事情。 例: We are waiting fo

18、r you. B . 习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正 在进行。 例:Mr. Green is writing another novel. (说话时并未在写,只处于写作的 状态。 例:She is learning piano under Mr. Smith. C . 已经确定或安排好的 将来 活动, 表示将要发生的动作,一般跟时间状语,表明动作发生的时间。常见的动词有:come 、 go 、 begin 、 leave 、 start 等短暂性动词。 I'm leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.(已经安排了 we'

19、re flying to Paris tomorrow.(票已经拿到了 D 、 现在进行时可与 always constantly continually等副词连用, 表示一种感情色彩。 She is always singing in her room.她老是在她房间里唱歌 (厌 恶的感情 。可用来表示现在进行时的 时间状语 ,常用的有:now, this week, at this moment 等;或者告 诉你一个准确的现在时间,或者用 look, listen提醒听者注意正在发生的事。例如:They are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球。Listen

20、! She is singing an English song.听,她正在唱英语歌。Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park. 看这幅图那些孩子正在公园放风 筝。 We are making model planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型。It's 6:30 now. I am getting up. 现在是 6:30. 我正在起床。I. 用括号中动词的适当形式填空:1. My parents _ _(watch TV now.2. Look. Three boys _(run

21、 .3. What _ _ your mother _(do now?4. Are_ your dog _ _ now?(sleep 5. _ you _ _ _(listen to music? Yes, I am.6. Look, Miss Chen _ _ football.(play 7. Tom and his sister _ _(wait for you over there.8. Now Class 3 and Class 4_ _ _(have a test.9. Listen, someone _ _(sing in the classroom.10.Where is Zh

22、ang Yan? She _ _(talk with her teacher in the teacher s office.II. 选择填空:( 1. Who _ over there now? A. singing B. are sing C. is singing( 2. It s nine ten. The students _ a music class.A. have B. having C. are having( 3. Listen! The boy _. A. crying B. is crying C. cries ( 4. Don t talk here. Grandpa

23、rents _.A. sleep B. is sleeping C. are sleeping( 5. Is the man _ tea or milk? A. drinks B. drink C. drinking III. 按要求进行句型转换:1. Look! Lily is dancing.(改为一般疑问句_ _ _2. Kate is looking for her watch.(改为否定句_3. Mrs White is watching TV.(对划线部分提问_ Mrs White _4. I am doing homework.(改为否定句_5. They are waiting

24、 for you at the library.(就划线部分提问_ _they_IV. 根据中文提示完成句子:1. 小花不是在写作业,她在画画。Xiao Hua _ _ homework _ pictures.2. 今天李老师穿着一件红色的连衣裙。Miss Li _ _ a red dress today.3. 你爷爷在看报纸吗?_ _ your grandpa _ _ the newspaper?4. Tom和 Jim 在做什么?_What _ Tom and Jim _ _?5. 他们是在打篮球还是在打排球?_ _ they _ _ basketball _ _ volleyball?6.

25、 孩子们在干什么?他们在唱歌、跳舞。_the children _? They _ _ _ _ and _. 7. 你喜欢跑步吗?不。_ you _like _ _ ? No, I_ _.V. 改错:1. People like swim in summer.(_ _2. He is go to the park with his mom. (_3. Are you listen to me?(_4. I am not writing a letter.(_5. Does she still helping Li Ling?(_VI. 将下列句子译成英语:1. 在这张照片中,我的小弟弟在吃冰淇

26、淋。_2. 你在等谁?_3. 现在,他们在打篮球吗?_4. 我正在打扫教室。_5. 那个男孩不是在弹吉它。_三、一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态; 过去习惯性、 经常性的动作、 行为;过去主语所具备的能力和性格。基本结构:主语 +动词过去式 +其他;否定形式 was/were+not;一般疑问句 was/were+主语 +其他。在行为动词前加 didn't ,同时还原行为动词;一般疑问 句 Did+主语 +do+其他。1. Be 动词的一般过去时态 .在没有实义动词的句子中使用 be 动词, am/ is 的过去式为 was; are 的过去 式为 were. 构

27、成:肯定句:主语 +was (were +表语 如:I was late yesterday. (昨天我迟到了。 否定句:主语 +was (were +not+表语 如:We weren't late yesterday. (我们昨天没迟到 疑问句:Was (Were +主语 +表语 如: Were you ill yesterday? (你昨天病了吗? 肯定回答:Yes, I was. (是的, 我病了。 否定句:No, I wasn't. (不,我没病。 特殊疑问句:特殊 疑问词 +was (were +主语 +表语 如:When were you born? 你是什么时候

28、出 生的? 2. 实义动词的一般过去时态 肯定句要使用动词的过去式, 否 定句和疑问句要使用助动词 do 和 does 的过去式 did. 肯定句为:主语 +动 词过去式 +宾语 如:I went home at nine o'clock yesterday.(我昨天九点钟回 的家。 否定句:主语 +didn't +动词原形 +宾语 如:I didn't go home yesterday. (我昨天没回家。 疑问句:Did +主语 +动词原形 +宾语 如: Did you go home yesterday? (你昨天回家了吗? 肯定回答:Yes, I did. (是

29、 的,我回了。 否定回答:No, I didn't. (不,我没回家。 3. 助动词和情 态 动 词 过 去 式 如 下 :shallshould (将 要 用 于 第 一 人 称 单 数 willwould (将要用于所有人称 can could (能,会 maymight (可 以 mustmust (必须 have tohad to (不得不 助动词和情态 动词的过去时态要使用他们的过去式, 后面的动词还使用原形。 如:I had to do my homework yesterday. (昨天我不得不做作业。 时间状语 :Ago (two hours ago(一段时间 +ago

30、 , yesterday(句子开头或结尾 , the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month, 具体时间(如 Jan.fourth, just now, at the age of , one day, long ago, once upon a time(很久以前 , and so on,this morning.long long ago.动词变化规则规则变化:1. 直接加 ed :work worked look looked play played, 2. 以 e 结尾的单词,直接加 d :live lived h

31、ope hoped use used, 3 以辅音字母 +y结尾的,变 y 为 i 加 ed :study studied carry carried worry worried, 4以元 音字母 +y结尾的,直接加 ed :enjoy enjoyed 5 以重读闭音节结尾的,双写最后的 辅音字母 +ed:stop stopped plan planned口诀一般过去时并不难,表示过去动作、状态记心间。 动词要用过去式,时间状语句 末站。 否定句很简单, didn't 站在动词原形前,其它部分不要变。 一般疑问句也 好变, did 放在句子前,主语、动原、其它部分依次站。 特殊疑问句也

32、简单,疑问词加 一般疑问句记心间。 最后一条请注意,动词过去式要牢记。练习题:一、句型转换1. The children had a good time in the park.否定句:_一般疑问句:_对划线部分提问:_2. There were about nine hundred people at the concert.否定句:_一般疑问句:_对划线部分提问:_3. Ann did her homework yesterday evening.否定句:_一般疑问句:_对划线部分提问:_4. Last week I read an English book.否定句:_一般疑问句:_肯定

33、/否定回答:_对划线部分提问:_5. My brother was in the park just now.否定句:_一般疑问句:_对划线部分提问:_二、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式、过去式形式go _ _ enjoy _ _buy _ _ eat _ _get _ _ walk _ _take _ _ dance _ _write _ _ run _ _swim _ _ find _ _begin _ _ eat _ _play _ _ study _ _三、用所给词的适当形式填空。1. Tom and Mary _ (come to China last month.2. Mike _

34、(not go to bed until 12 o'clock last night.So he _ (get up late.3. Mary _ (read English yesterday morning.4. Tom _ (begin to learn Chinese last year.5. My mother _ (not do housework yesterday.6. There _ a telephone call for you just now. (be7. -When _ you _ (come to china? -Last year.8. _ (be it

35、 cold in your city yesterday?9. How many people _ (be there in your class last term?10. There _ (be a football match on TV yesterday evening, but I _ (have no time to watch it.四、改错题 (请改正每个句子中的一个错误 1. How is Jane yesterday? _2. He go to school by bus last week. _3. He goes home at 6:00 last month. _4

36、. I can fly kites seven years ago. _5. Did you saw him just now. _6. Tom wasn't watch TV last night. _7. I did not my homework yesterday. _8. He wait for you three hours ago. _9. Who find it just now? _II. 翻译下列句子1. 我过了一个忙碌但却刺激的周末。_ _ _ _but exciting weekend.2. 上周六他们做什么了?他们做作业和购物了。What _ they _ _

37、 Saturday?They _ _ homework and _ _ _.3. 今天早上方方得做饭,因为昨晚他父亲不在家。This morning Fangfang _ _ _ _ because his father _ _ _ yesterday.4. 他在打扫教室的时候,发现地上有块表。When he _ the classroom, he _ a watch on the ground.5. 他什么时候出生的? 1980年。-When _ he _ -_ 1980.四.现在完成时。现在 完成时(Present perfect 过去 发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或 后果,过去某

38、一时间开始并一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。 2. 用法 :(1表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间,但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被 just 、 already 、 yet 等副词修饰。如:-Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. I've just had it.你(已经吃午饭了吗? 我刚刚吃过。 (现在我不饿了(2表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止,可能 仍然在进行。常带有 for 和 since 等表示一段时间的状语。如:He has taught here since 1981.他自 1981

39、年就在这儿教书。 (可能还要继续教I have't seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。3.结构 (1 . 陈述句结构:主语+have( has(not +过去分词+其它。have not=haven t has not=hasn t.2 . 一般疑问句结构:Have( Has +主语+过去分词+其它?3 . 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+have(has +主语 + 过去分词+其它?eg. He has already finished his homework.He hasn t finished his homework yet.Has he fini

40、shed his homework yet?-Yes, he has./ No, he hasn t./ No, not yet.(3表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在成为一种经验,一般译为汉语 过 , 常带有 twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。如:I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。4. 现在完成时的时间状语(1现在完成时属于现在时范围,故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是,在强调动作产生的后果和影响时,可以和一些 表示

41、不确定的时间状语连用。(2 a. 用副词 already 和 yet 。 already 一般用于肯定句中, yet 一般用于否定句和 疑问句 中。如:We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。b. 用 ever 和 never 。 多用于否定或疑问句中, 表示 曾经 或 从未 等。 如:-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗?-I have never been to the G

42、reat Wall.我从未去过长城。c. 用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语,如 just, before, up to now, the past few years等。 例如:I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.我以前见过她,但记不起在哪里见过。He has been there three times the last few days.近几年他去过那里三次了。d. 用包括 现在 在内的时间状语,如:now, today, this morning (month ,year, term等。例 如:-Have you met

43、 him today?-No,I haven't.今天你见过他吗?我 没有。How many times have you been there this ?今年你去过那里吗?(2现在完成时可以和带有 since 或 for 等表示 一段时间 的状语连用 , 表示动作或状态从 某一时刻开始,一直持续到现在。如:I haven't seen him for two years. 但是,像 come, arrive, buy等终止性动词不能与表示 一段时间 的状语连用。要用,必须改为 be (在 等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换:arrive be

44、 here begin(start be ondie be dead come back be backleave be away fall ill(sick,asleep be ill(sick,asleepget up be up go out be outfinish be over put on wear 或 be onopen be open join be in或 be a member ofclose be closed go to school be a studentborrow keep buy havecatch(a cold have(a cold get to kno

45、w knowbegin to study study come to work work 等如:He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。We have studied English for three years. 我们(开始学英语已三年了。5. 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别:现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。 但 现在完成时强调的是这一动作与

46、现在的关系。 如对现在产生的结果或影响等, 而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生,不表示和现在的关系。试比较:I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。 (现在还未找到I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。 (昨天丢的,现在找到与否没说明6. 几点注意事项7. (1 have been(to与 have gone( to的区别:have been(to表示 去过某地(现在已经回 来了 ,可用于各人称; have gone(to表示 去某地了(说话时某人不在当地 ,常用于 第三人称,前者可与 once ,never,several

47、 times等连用,后者则不能如:They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。(2如单纯表示一段时间,或强调一段时间,虽有 since 一词,也不必用完成时如:It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。(3终止性动词现在完成时的否定式,已变成一种可以延续的状态,因此可以和表示一段 时间的状语连用。如:I haven't left here since 1997.自从 1997年以来,我一直没有离开过这儿。现在完成时练习Exercises7A 用 have(has been 或 have(has gone 填空。A: Where _ Li Fei _?B: He _ to Hainan Island.A: How long _ he _ there?B: He _ there for three days.A: When wi