人教版高中英语必修五Unit1知识点详解

1、必修5UnitlGreatscientistsPart 1. Warmingup1. explain及物动词(vt.)解释;说明；阐明(+to)+wh-+(that)Heexplainedthathehadbeencheated.他解释说他是上当受骗了。Canyouexplainhowthemachineoperates?你能解释一下这机器是如何运转的吗？Pleaseexplainthisruletome.请给我讲解一下这条规则。不及物动词(vi.)解释；说明;辩解I'vegottoexplainaboutit.我得解释一下此事。2. characteristicn.特征；特性Kind

2、nessisoneofhischaracteristics.adj.独特的Iheardmyfriend'scharacteristiclaugh.becharacteristicofsb./sth.是.的特性Suchbluntnessischaracteristicofhin.如此迟钝是他的特性。3. Whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes?putforward提出(建议等)；提名；提前，把时钟往前拨Heputforwardanewplan.他提出一个新计划。MayIputyournameforwardasapossiblechairmanoftheco

3、mmittee?我能否提名你当委员会主席？归纳拓展putdown记下；镇压putout关掉；熄灭putaside放在一边；储存；保留putoff推迟；延期putup建造；举起；张贴puton穿上putaway收好选词填空(putoff,putup,putforward,putaside,putout) Theplanthatyouatthemeetingiswonderful. Manytallbuildingswerealongtheroad. Firefightershavebeencalledtothefireinthecitycenter. Hehasalittlemoneytofor

4、arainyday. Don'tuntiltomorrowwhatcanbedonetoday.Part 2. Pre-reading,readingandcomprehending1 .Doyouknowhowtoproveanewideainscientificresearchhowtoproveanewidea为"疑问词+不定式”结构，该结构可在句中作主语、宾语、表语Wehaven;decidedwheretogo.我们还没有决定去哪里。Thequestioniswhentoleave.问题是什么时候动身。2 .drawaconclusion得出结论1) conclus

5、ion作名词，意为结束，结论"cometo/reach/arriveataconclusion得出结论inconclusion最后IwillinconclusionsayafewwordsaboutmyvisittoTokyo.最后，我对我的东京之行说几句。2) conclude作动词，结束；断定；决定toconclude(作插入语)最后，作为总结(=tosumup)Toconclude,Ithinksmokingdoesmoreharmthangoodtous.3) JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondonsoexpert,indeed,thatheatte

6、ndedQueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.约翰斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生他的确医术精湛，以至于成了照料维多利亚女王的私人医生。expert n.专家，能手anexpertinpsychology(心理学)anagriculturalexpert adj.熟练的，有专门技术的anexpertjob需专门知识的工作Heisexpertin/atcooking.attendvt.&vi参加，注意，照料 bepresentat参加attendaceremony/lecture/ameeting attendto(on):tolookafter,carefor

7、,serve伺候,照顾，看护Thequeenhadagooddoctorattending(on)her.DrSmithattendedherinhospital.Motherhadtoattendtohersickson. attendto处理，注意倾听Canyouattendtothematterimmediately?ImaybelateThavegotoneortwothingstoattendto.4.Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.但当他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普

8、通人时，他就感到很振奋。(1) exposedtocholera在句中是过去分词作后置定语，表示被动。意为“患霍乱的”。如：ThebookwrittenbyLuxunisverypopular.鲁迅写的书是很受欢迎的。ThemanseenbyusyesterdayisProfessorSmith.昨天我们看见的那个人是史密斯教授。(2) expose暴露exposesb/sthtosthHeexposeshisskintothesun.他把皮肤暴露在阳光下。揭露Heexposedtheirplot.他揭穿了他们的阴谋。Thecrimeofthecorruptofficialsmustbeexp

9、osedwithoutanyreserve.对贪官污吏的罪行一定要毫无保留地予以揭发。exposedadj.暴露的，暴露于风雨中的，无掩蔽的exposednessn.暴露，显露exposesth.tothelightofday把某事暴露于光天化日之下exposeafraud揭穿骗局练习：Thedisc,digitallyinthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded5.Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood

10、.对于它的起因和治疗方法人们都不清楚。neithernor既不也不，连接句中两个相同成分。 Ineitherknewnorcaredwhathadhappenedtohim.我既不知道也不关心他出了什么事。 NeitherFrancenorBritainwillattendthemeetingnextweek.法国和英国都将不会参加下星期的会议。 NeitherJimnorhisparentshaveseenthefilm.=NeitherhisparentsnorJimhasseenthefilm.吉姆和她的父母都没有看过这部电影。curevt.治疗,治愈,改正n.治疗,治愈,治疗法cure

11、sb(ofsth)治好了某人(的，)Theonlywaytocurebackacheistorest.治疗背痛的唯一办法是休息。WhenIleftthehospitalIwascompletelycured.Thatnastyshockcuredhimofhisinquisitivenessforever.那一沉重教训根除了他凡事爱打听的毛病。Thisillnesscannotbecuredeasily.这种病不好治.acureforsth.治疗的方法；解决问题，改善困境Isthereacertaincureforcanceryet?癌症迄今有无有效的治疗方法?Thepricesaregoin

12、gupeveryday,butthereisnocureforrisingprices.6.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.人们既不知道它的病因，也不懂如何治疗。每次爆发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人病死。(1)本句为复合句，“Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeopledied为主句，eve”rytime引导时间状语从句，意思是每当”。(2)有些名词短语或副词可以起连词的作用，引导时间状语从句。例如：everytime，eachtime，thelasttime，nexttime，t

13、hemoment，theminute，immediately，instantly等。Everytime/EachtimeIexpressanopinion,shearguesback每当我发表意见时，她总是反驳。 Ifoundmyselfinanentirelynewworldthemoment/theminute/immediatelyIarrivedhere.我一到这里就感到耳目一新。 ThelasttimeIsawhim，hewasquitewell.我最后一次看到他时，他还相当健康。 Giveyourfathermybestregardsnexttimeyouseehim.下次你见到你

14、父亲时，请代我向他致以最好的问候。拓展延伸(1)forthefirsttime是介词短语，常用作时间状语，而thefirsttime是连词，引导时间状语从句。(2)Itisthefirsttimethat.如果前面用is，从句动词用现在完成时；如果前面用was，则从句动词用过去完成时.(3)It's(high)timethat.从句动词用过去时或should+动词原形。Itshightimewetookimmediateactiontopreventpollution.该到我们立即采取措施阻止污染的时候了。7.Thefirstsuggestedthatcholeramultiplied

15、intheair,acloudofdangerousgasfloatedarounduntilitfounditsvictims.第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖，像一股危险气体在空中到处漂浮，直到找到病毒的受害人。suggestv.建议；暗示；表明suggest+doing/sth./thatsb.(should)dosth.Maysuggestedapicnicattheweekend.HesuggestedtousavisittotheGreatWall.HesuggestedusvisitingtheGreatWall.Isuggestedleavingearlyfortheairpo

16、rt.Hesuggestedthatwe(should)visittheGreatWall.Shesuggestedthatherfather(should)giveupsmoking.*suggest(暗示，表明)+从句不用虚拟语气。Thesmileonherfacesuggestedthatsheagreedwithme.Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewashappy.1 .Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种

17、病毒引入体内的。absorbvt.(1)专注，聚精会神beabsorbedin=putone'sheartinto集中精力做某事Iwasabsorbedinabookanddidn'thearyourcall.我正专心看书，没听至U你的电话。Absorbedinhiswork,Tomsimplyforgotfoodandsleep.汤姆专心工作,几乎忘t己了吃饭和睡觉。(2)吸收，把吸收入(o.)Blackclothabsorbslight.黑布吸收光线。Thebigcompanyhasgraduallyabsorbedthesesmallcompanies

18、intoitsownorganization.这家大公司逐渐将这些小公司吞并了。Thecleverboyabsorbedalltheknowledgehisteachercouldgivehim.那个聪明的男孩把他老师所能教他的所有知识都理解了。9 .JohnSnowsuspectedthatthesecondtheorywascorrectbutheneededevidence.约翰斯诺推测第二种说法是正确的，但需要有证据。suspectvt.认为，怀疑常用短语：suspectsthtobe;suspectsbofdoingsth.Theysuspecthimtobethemurderer.

19、(他彳门怀疑他是凶手)Shesuspectedhimoftakinghermoney.n.嫌疑犯；可疑分子C10 .,thecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.severeadj.严厉地；苛刻的；严格的beseverewith/on.严格/严厉Youaretoosevereontheboy.剧痛的；剧烈的；严重的asevereattackoftoothache牙痛的剧烈发作adv.severely11 .Next,JohnSnowlookedintothesourceofthewaterforthesetwo

20、streets.接下来，约翰斯诺调查了这两条街上的水源。lookinto调查，了解，研究；朝里面看与one'sface/eyes等连用，表示"注视"Helooksintoherfacewithgreatinterest.他饶有兴趣地注视着她的脸。和look组成的其他短语look around/about 环顾四周look back回头看look down upon轻视，瞧不起look forward to (doing) 盼望look on/upon.as 把看作look through 浏览look up to sb.尊敬/仰慕某人12. It seemed th

21、at the water was toblame v.责备；谴责；把look after照顾；照料look back on 回顾；回想look for寻求；寻找look on旁观look out往外看；注意；当心look up抬头看；查看blame.看来要归罪于饮用水了。归咎于n.过失；责备；（过失、过错等）责任blamesb.forsth./doingsth.为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事Theyblamedthesecretaryforthedelayoftheplan.blamesth.onsb./sth.把某事归咎于某人；因某事而指责某人Thepoliceblamedthetraff

22、icaccidentonjack'scarelessdriving.betoblamefor(doing)sth.因(做)某事某人应该受到谴责；注意:betoblame应受责备(主动表被动)；应负责任Thedriverwasnottoblameforthetrafficaccident. accept/bear/taketheblameforsth.对某事负责任Heisreadytotaketheblameforwhathadhappened. put/laytheblameforsth.onsb.将某事归咎于某人5.1 InanotherpartofLondon,hefoundsup

23、portingevidencefromtwootherdeathsthatwerelinkedtotheBroadStreetoutbreak.在伦敦的另一地区，他从另外两例与布洛德街疾病爆发有关的死亡病例中得到了有力的证据。linkvt.连接；联系n.环；连接；联系；纽带14 .Awoman,whohadmovedawayfromBroadStreet,likedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.一个妇女，从布洛德街搬走了，但她非常喜欢水泵的水，她让人每天从水泵给她家送水。15 .Withthis

24、extraevidenceJohnSnowwasabletoannouncewithcertaintythatpollutedwatercarriedthevirus.利用这个额外证据，约翰斯诺就可以很有把握地宣布污染水携带病菌。announcevt.(1)宣布，宣告(决定、计划等)announcesth.(tosb.)(向某人)宣布、通告某事announcethat宣布；通知Itisannouncedthat据宣布一Pleaseannouncetoyourclassthattherewillbenoschooltomorrow.请通知你们班明天不上学。Ithasbeenofficiallya

25、nnouncedthathewillpayasecondvisittoChinasoon.据官方消息称，他不久将再次来中国访问。(2)(事情)显示；预告Thebrightflowersannouncedthatspringwashere.鲜艳的花朵显示春天已经来到。拓展延伸announcementn.宣布；口头通知announcern.播音员makeanannouncement下通知16 .Topreventthisfromhappeningagain,JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined.为防止这种情况再度

26、发生，约翰斯诺建议，所有水源都要经过检测。prevent/stop(from)doingsth.或keep.fromdoingsth.意为阻止做某事“ Whatcanwedotopreventthediseasespreading.我们能做什么来防止这种疾病蔓延呢？ Weshouldtakemeasurestopreventtheriverfrombeingpollutedfurther.我们应该采取措施阻止这条河受到进一步的污染。examinev.检查；细查；诊察;审问；盘问Thedoctorexaminedtheboyandfoundtherewasnothingthematterwith

27、him.Thelawyerexaminedthewitness.examinationn.考试；检查；细查takeanexamination参加考试medicalexamination体检underexamination在检查中；在审查中17.Finally"KingCholera"wasdefeated.霍乱王”终于被击败了。辨析win,beat与defeatwin赢得”赛事、战事、某物；beat战胜”击败”比赛中的对手，可与defeat互换Webeat/defeatedtheirteamby10scores.Theywonthebattlebutlostmanymen.

28、Thelocalballteamwonthestatechampionshipbybeating/defeatingalltheotherteams.Part3.LearningaboutLanguage1. takein收留;包括take相关短语：takeafter相似takeapart把（小型机器、钟表等）拆开；拆散takeaway拿走takeback承认说错了（t）,收回（诺言，话语）；使回忆起；送回，还回去；退（货）takeoff脱下，脱去（尤指衣服）；解（拿）掉-puton（反义词）；（飞机等）升空，起飞takeon雇用；开始具有/呈现（某种品质、面貌等）；露出；接受（工作等）；承担

29、（责任等）takeout带（某人）去（某处参加社交活动等）；正式取得，领得，获得；洗去（污迹），使褪色takeover接手，接任;接管takeup开始花时间从事（某项活动）；对产生兴趣；开始学习（某课程），选修；（事物或事件）占用了（时间或空间）；接受的建议；继续take-forgrantee想当然认为（会是某种情况工认为是理所当然的；认为没有问题take-forinstance/example以为例takeintoaccount/consideration考虑至U，把考虑进去takepridein/beproudof为感到自豪/骄傲takerevengeon向.报复takeone's

30、place代替某人taketheopportunity利用这个机会taketurns轮流（做某事）2. constructionn.建设；建筑业；建造Heworksinconstructionindustry.他在建筑行业工作。Therearetwonewhotelsunderconstruction.有两家新饭店正在兴建。词组扩展：constructionworkers建筑工人underconstruction正在建设中3. apartfrom有两种含义：1）相当于besides意为“除以外（还包括）”Apartfrommymothertongue,Ispeakseveralforeignl

31、anguagesaswell.除了母语外，我还会讲好几种外语。2）相当于except.意为“除以外（不包括）”IlikeallthesubjectsapartfromEnglish.除了英语外，我喜欢所有学科。过去分词作定语1）语法功能过去分词或过去分词短语作定语时，其功能相当于一个定语从句。被修饰的词是分词所表示的行为的承受者；在逻辑上，它们是动宾关系。ThestolenbikebelongstoJack.ThebikewhichwasstolenbelongstoJack.ThelecturegivenbyProfessorZhangisaboutenvironmentprotection

32、.ThelecturewhichwasgivenbyProfessorZhangisabouttheenvironmentprotection.a.单个的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面theaffectedpeople受感染的人abrokenheart一颗破碎的心alostdog丧家之犬abrokenglass被打破的玻璃杯Attention:过去分词修饰something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody,those等不定代词时，要放在这些词后面。Isthereanythingunsolved?Thereisnotingc

33、hangedheresinceIleftthistown.b. 过去分词短语作定语：通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。peopleexposedtocholera=peoplewhowasexposedtocholerathebookrecommendedbyJack=thebookwhichwasrecommendedbyJackthemachinesproducedlastyear=themachineswhichwereproducedlastyearc. 不及物动词的过去分词作定语时不表被动，只表完成。arisensun已升起的太阳thegonedays逝去的时光fallenleaves

34、落叶2）现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别：现在分词作定语，表示正在进行的动作；过去分词作定语，所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，（或者没有一定的时间性）。Theletterpostedyesterdaywillsoonreachhim.Haveyoureadthebookrecommendedbyyourteacher?这是你老师推荐的书吗？对比：thechangingworld（正在变化的）thechangedworld（变化了的）boilingwater（正在沸腾的）boiledwater（已经沸腾过的）fadingflowers（正在凋谢的）fadedflowers（已经凋谢的）ad

35、evelopingcountry（发展中的）adevelopedcountry（发达的）adrowningman快要淹死的人adrownedman已经淹死的人fallingleaves正在飘落的树叶fallenleaves落叶aretiredworker退休工人anescapedprisoner逃犯3）及物动词的过去分词（done）与现在分词的被动式（beingdone）都可以表示被动”，但前者多表示一个完成了的动作，而后者则表示一个正在进行的动作.theproblemdiscussedyesterdaytheproblembeingdiscussed过去分词做表语1过去分词（短语）作表语时，

36、其作用相当于adj.,说明的是主语的状态Allthewindowsarebroken.Allhopeisgone.Helookedworriedafterreadingtheletter.常见作表语的过去分词有：disappointed,drunk,amused,frightened,married,excited,experienced,interested,confused,pleased,puzzled,satisfied,tired,worried,gone,dressed,lost等。注意过去分词作表语时和动词的被动语态结构相似，但两者表达的意思明显不同，前者说明主语的特点及所处的状

37、态，而后者强调被动的动作。Myglassesarebroken我的眼镜碎了。（状态）Myglasseswerebrokenbymyson.我的眼镜被我儿子摔碎了。（动作）1. Thedisc,digitallyinthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded2. LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,as3M.A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.to

38、beknown3. MostoftheartiststothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited4. Assoonassheenteredtheroom,thegirlcaughtsightoftheflowersbyhermother.A.buyingB.beingboughtC.wereboughtD.bought5. Dontusewords,expressionsorphrasesonlytopeoplewitshpecificknowledge.A.beingknownB

39、.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known6. Thecomputercenter,lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened7. Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesgetbythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay8. AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgotfrommyfriends.A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missed9. Thepilotasked

40、allthepassengersonboardtoremain_astheplanewasmakingalanding.A.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseating10. Sarah,hurryup.Imafraidyoucanthavetimetobeforetheparty.A.getchangedB.getchangeC.getchangingD.gettochangePart4.UsingLanguage1 .Althoughhehadtriedtoignorethem,allhismathematicalcalculationsledtothesameco

41、nclusion虽然他曾经试着不去理睬那些数据，然而他所有的数字计算都得出了一个相同的结论leadto导致，通向Hiscarelessnessledtotheaccident他的粗心导致了这场事故。AllroadsleadtoRome.条条大路通罗马。该短语中to为介词。类似的短语还有：beusedtosticktolookforwardtodevoteoneseletopayattentioto2 .Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementoftheotherplantsintheskymakesense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。1)句中only修饰if引导的状语从句，放在句首时，后面的主句要用倒装。only位于句首，其后接副词或介词短语时，句子的主谓也要部分倒装。OnlythendidIrealizemymistake.只有到那时我才意识到我的错误。Onlyinthiswaycanyousolvetheproblem.2 )makesense讲得通；有道理；有意义Here,readthesentence.Itdoesn'tseemtoma