高一英语必修unit词汇练习

1、Unit 4 Wildlife Protection 词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料) 1. contain / includecontain强调主语含有某种成分或装有某物。include强调主语包含的人或物是主语的一部分。所以include常译为“包括”。including“包括”,是十分常见的表达形式。1). The list _ his name. 2). Beer _ alcohol. Keys: 1). included2). contains 2. reserve / keep / preservereserve 正式用词，指为了将来的用途或其他用途而保存、保留。keep 最

2、常用词，指长时间牢固地保持合伙保存。preserve 主要指为防止损害、变质等而保存。1). Will you _ these documents for us? 2). In summer, large crops of fruit may be _ by freezing.3). All the front seats are _ for foreign guests. Keys:1). keep 2).preserved 3). reserved3. reduce / decreasereduce 强调在“数量、大小，程度或强度”方面下降或减少。decrease 侧重强调“稳定地，逐渐地

3、，不断地”减少1). The workers _ their wage demands. 2). Lack of success _ confidence. Keys: 1). reduced2). decreased4. fierce / wild / violentfierce 指人或兽的凶猛残酷。wild 既可指自然界的荒芜，未被驯化状态，又指人的无法无天，不文明的野蛮行为。violent 指人时侧重极为不安、异常激动，暗含有暴力行为；也指破坏性的或不可控制的自然力量。1). She is afraid of his _ looks. 2). Who was that _ old lad

4、y?3). _ criminals like that are a danger to society. Keys: 1). wild2). fierce3). violent 词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料）1. power n. 能力powerful adj. 强有力的; 力量大的powerfully adv. 强有力地; 力量大地2. appreciate v. 理解并欣赏; 赏识; 高度评价appreciation n. 欣赏; 感激 appreciative adj. 有欣赏力的; 表示赏识的; 感激的3. succeed v.  成功; 做成; 达到目的 succe

5、ss  n.  成功; 成就; 成名; 发财; 胜利; 达到目的successful adj.  获得成功的; 取得成效的; 达到目的的1) I will do everything in my _ to help you. (power) 2) He is very _ built. (power)3） Elephants have _ legs. (power) 4） She shows little or no _ of good music. (appreciate)5） Your help was greatly _. (appreciate) 6） I

6、'm most _ of your generosity. (appreciate)7) He wasn't a _ as a teacher. (success) 8) If at first you don't _, try, try again. (success)9) My final attempt to fix it was _.Keys: 1) power2) powerfully3) powerful4) appreciation 5) appreciated6) appreciative7) success8) succeed 9) successfu

7、l 重点词汇 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）1. wild adj. 野生的, 野的, 未驯化的；无居民的, 荒凉的典例 1). He enjoys filming wild animals. 他喜欢拍摄野生动物。2). We walked into a wild mountain region. be wild about sth/sb（对某事物某人）极热心或热爱 be wild with 因而发狂1). The crowd went wild with delight.群众欣喜若狂。2). The children are wild about the new computer.2. rel

8、ief n. （痛苦 困苦 忧虑等的）减轻或解除1). The drug gives some relief from pain. 2). I breathed/heaved a sigh of relief when I heard he was safe. (much) to ones relief 使某人大为放心；使某人深感宽慰1). To my great relief/Much to my relief, I wasn't late. 2). It's a great relief to find you here. 3. hunt vt. & vi. 打猎;

9、 猎取; 搜索1). Wolves hunt in packs. 狼是成群猎食的。2). Police are hunting an escaped criminal. 警方正在追捕逃犯。hunt for 试图找到（某物某人）hunt after 探求；追求: 1). I am hunting for a lost book. 2). Many people hunt after fame in their lives but never find it.4. distant n. （空间或时间）远隔的, 遥远的1). The airport is about ten miles distan

10、t from the city. 2). She is a distant cousin of mine. be distant with / towards with sb. 对冷淡 1). There is a distant connection between the two theories. 2). She is always distant with her mother.5. mercy n. 仁慈; 宽恕; 宽容; 恩惠; 幸运1). They showed mercy to their enemies. 2). It's a mercy she wasn't

11、 hurt in the accident. at the mercy of sb/sth任由某人某事物摆布或控制have mercy on / upon对有怜悯心Keys: 1). The ship was at the mercy of the storm.2). Have mercy on us! 重点词组 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）1. pay attention to 注意 1). Please pay attention to what I am saying. 2). She turned her attention to a new problem. 短语归纳catch sb

12、's attention 吸引某人的注意draw attention to sth. 注意某事物give one's attention to 注意 : 1). A newspaper headline caught his attention. 2). She drew my attention to an error in the report.2. die out（指物种）死光；灭绝, 火慢慢熄灭1). The moth's habitat is being destroyed and it has nearly died out. 短语归纳die away减弱（

13、以至觉察不到）逐渐停止，逐渐消失；淡化die down逐渐降低逐渐减弱，逐渐模糊；减弱be dying 垂死的be dying for/to do sth.渴望die of 死于（饥饿；病）die from死于（外界引起的）die hard很难改变；顽固 die off相继死去die away 1). The noise of the car _ in the distance. 2). The old traditions are _.3). The man _ a wound 4). I'm _ something to eat. Keys: 1). died away 2). d

14、ying out 3). died from 4). dying for 3. come into being形成；产生（不可用于被动语态或进行时态）典例Dinosaurs lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago, long before humans came into being.短语归纳come into effect实施come into use投入使用 come into power上台执政1). When did the world _? 2). The new seat-belt regulations _ last we

15、ek. 3). When did this word _?Keys: 1). come into being2). came into effect 3). come into use 重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）1. She turned around and there was an antelope with a sad face looking at her.她转过身看到一只羚羊带着忧郁的神色望着她。解释此句可改成：She turned around and there was an antelope which was looking at her with a sad

16、face.“with a sad face looking at her” 为with的复合结构，即with +名词、代词（介词宾语）+v.-ing（宾补）。可充当宾补的还有分词、不定式、形容词、副词及介词短语。简单总结为：with +宾语+-v.-ed /v.-ing /to do）作伴随状语或定语With some students following behind, he came in.1). Don't stand with your hands in your pockets.2). With a lot of thing to be solved, the new bos

17、s worried a lot.2. They set the number of animals to be hunted. 他们拨出一定数量的动物供人们捕猎。解释to be hunted为动词不定式的被动式，在此作animals的后置定语。不定式作定语时，在句中如果能找到不定式动作的执行者，常用不定式的主动式，找不到时常用不定式的被动式。典例The first thing to be done is to tidy up the office. The first thing for you to do is to tidy up the office.1). The car needs

18、to be repaired before we start. 2). The meeting is to be held tomorrow.1课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）Daisy desired to help 1 (endanger) species of wildlife because a large number of animals are dying 2 . One day, a flying carpet took her to a 3 (遥远) land, 4 she could find antelopes 5 gave fur to make

19、 sweaters. Then she met an elephant in Zimbabwe and was told that elephants used to be hunted without 6 . But now people know the 7 (重要) of wildlife 8 (protect).答案：1. endangered2. out3. distant4. where5. that/which6. mercy7. importance8. protection2课文大意概括 （旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）The passage tells us Dais

20、ys experience . She visited Tibet, Zimbabwe and a rainforest, where she found that some animals are in danger and realized the importance of protecting animals. 3课文佳句背诵与仿写 （旨在培养对难句的理解和运用能力）1. 【原句】Please take me to a distant land where I can find the animals that gave fur to make this sweater. I know

21、 there is a place where you can find watermelons everywhere which is sugary. We are put into such a position where we have to solve the problems which we are faced with. 2. 【原句】They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago, long before humans came into being. I knew the news that they were i

22、nvited to the party, long before you told me. They had known each other long before I knew them. 1完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从2130各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。 It is a 21 day. I got in touch with Michael whom I have been losing 22 for one year. We have lost contact since our last 23 in my senior 3. He mentioned t

23、o me in his last letter that he was preparing for going to the UK to 24 his education. I, shamefully, was too busy to reply his mail then. When I was 25 to the ZJU and won the final freedom, I thought he had already been in UK so I had no 26 where to write him. I used to think that we would never 27

24、 again. However, I found out 28 that he is still in PRC.I eventually got him on the phone. He was very surprised. Life is 29 in moments such like this. Old friends meet again surprisingly; they look at the face of each other, and recognize the old pal. It is such moment that makes me feel grateful t

25、o life: whenever I set off for a new 30 , I see I have friends in the same direction, with whom I won't feel alone any more. 21. A. celebrating B. terrifying. C. surprising D. shamefully 22. A. join B. contact C. connect D. relate 23. A. friendship B. roommateship C. correspondence D. relationsh

26、ip 24. A. receive B. continue C. keep D. further 25. A. recommended B. commanded C. congratulated D. achieved 26. A. suggestion B. help C. idea. D. thought 27. A. meet B. see C. help D. communicate 28. A. sadly B. excitedly C. astonishedly D. worriedly29. A. enjoyable B. unforgettable C. responsible

27、 D. patient30. A. system B. ambition C. achievement D. destination答案解析：21 选A. 老朋友相见是一件值得庆祝的事情。22 选B 下文有lose contact。23 选C. 文章下文有“the last letter”，作者与同学的高三毕业后的第一次通信 (correspondence)。24 选D 作者的旧学友到英国去深造。25 选A. 作者被推荐到大公司工作。不能是commanded“命令”也不能是congratulated “恭喜”和achieved “获得”26 选C 作者没法知道旧学友的地址，故不知道怎么联系。h

28、ave no idea“不知道”。27 选A. 作者和同学再次见面。28 选B 作者和旧学友再次见面，当然是令人高兴的事情。29 选A. 作者见到旧学友非常高兴，自然会感叹“Life is enjoyable”。30 选D 作者感恩生活，无论自己往哪个目标，都会有朋友并肩前行。2语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 Here is a SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING for you now. 31 is known to all, the styles of Western art 32 (change) many

29、 times, while Chinese art has changed 33 often. During 34 Middle Ages, the main purpose of a painter was to represent religious themes. 35 by the 13th century painters began to paint more realistically. In the Renaissance, painters tried to paint people and nature as they 36 were. And they learned t

30、o draw things in perspective. 37 late 19th to early 20th century, the impressionist painters wanted to show 38 light and shadow fell on objects. From 20th century to now, 39 have appeared scores of modem art and styles. New styles of painting are expected 40 (come)into being in the future. 答案：31As 3

31、2has changed 331ess 34。the 35. But 36really 37From 38. how 39there 40to come 31As引导定语从句，as代替整个主句： 32has changed，有many times用现在完成时，且后一句的对比也用了现在完成时： 331ess与many times形成对比； 34the the Middle Ages专有名词，“中世纪”(欧洲历史上从公元1000年到1450年) 35But表示转折； 36really 副词做状语。 37. from因from . to.表示从“(什么时候)到(什么时候)”： 38how引导宾语从句

32、，在从句本身做方式状语。 39there因there appear是there be句型的变体。 40to come表示将来，故用不定式：3阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 The American Westward Movement was a movement of people from the sealed regions to lands farther west. Between the early 17th and late 19th centuries, Anglo-American peoples and their

33、 societies expanded from the Atlantic Coast to the Pacific Coast by greatly expanding the nations borders, and the United States became a powerful nation in the 20th century. However, this expansion also resulted in great suffering and destruction, and a painful loss of culture for Native Americans.

34、 Some of the Native American tribes (部落) of the Gmat Plains were hunters and gatherers. Most tribes in the Southwest were hunters and farmers. In the Pacific Northwest, tribes were traders and fishermen, and relied on rivers rich with all sorts of fish. Westward expansion destroyed resources and dam

35、aged the environment, thus destroying the ability of Native Americans to support themselves. In addition, the pioneers carried diseases that killed thousands. Some Native Americans fought against the coming of white settlers. The most famous conflicts took place on the Great Plains, where many tribe

36、s fought against the U.S. Army in several wars between 1855 and 1877. Native Americans won some big victories, including the famous defeat of George Custer on Montana's Little Bighorn River in 1876, but were finally suppressed (镇压), and then forced to reservations (居留地). In 1877 the Nez Perce tr

37、ibe fought an.unsuccessful attempt to escape to Canada. Southwestern Apache peoples, with their most famous leader, Geronimo, fought against the occupation of their lands until 1886. However, it wasn't a conflict that destroyed independent Native American culture; it was the great number of whit

38、e sealers that took over Native American lands, and the ways in which these settlers transformed the West. New laws limited Native Americans to reservations and forced them to take meager (贫困的) government handouts. Government policy tried to assimilate (同化) the tribes into white society by reducing

39、native culture and trying to make Native Americans follow white customs. The Dawes Act of 1887 aimed to put an end to the reservations, and decrease the importance of the tribes by handing out reservation land to individual natives. Between 1887 and 1934, dozens of reservations were destroyed, and N

40、ative American lands were reduced from 150 million areas to 48 million. Luckily, however, despite the poor living conditions on many reservations even to this day, Native Americans have managed in many cases to keep much of their culture and identity. 41. By writing this passage the author intends t

41、o _. A. show the importance of the Westward Movement in the United States B. introduce the history of settlement during the Westward Movement C. show the painful loss of native ways of life during the Westward Movement D. criticize white Americans for suppressing the natives and destroying their cul

42、tures42. In the authors opinion, the Native Americans suffered most from _. A. the diseases carried by the whites B. the loss of their lands C. the wars against the white settlers D. cultural assimilation by whites43. Native culture was first cut down in the process of Westward Movement mainly by th

43、e _. A. conflicts B. reservations C. new laws D. policies of assimilation44. The Dawes Act of 1887 was carried out to _. A. make the occupation of lands by whites lawful B. destroy native means of living C. weaken native culture and identity D. establish the whites' rule45. What can be inferred

44、from the passage? A. The writer is relieved that some native culture has been saved. B. Native lands were reduced because the natives were defeated by the whims. C. Native cultures only exist on reservations now.D. The natives weren't as healthy as the whites.答案：41. C。作者态度题。文章的意旨是介绍西进运动中北美当地居民的文

45、化的丧失，所以应该选择C。42. D。推理判断题。根据文章第二段的描述美国当地居民在白人对当地居民进行文化同化中损失最大。43. A。推理判断题。从本段的文字“However, it wasnt a conflict that destroyed independent Native American culture; it was the great number of white settlers that took over Native American lands, and the ways in which these settlers transformed the West.”

46、也可以看出美国印第安文化并没有被摧毁，只能在某些程度上被削弱了。44. C。推理判断题。最后一段说政府制定了政策来同化北美当地居民，所以应该选择C。45. A。推理判断题。根据Luckily, however, despite the poor living conditions even to this day, Native Americans have managed in many cases to keep much of their culture and identity.可以推断A正确。4.读写任务 阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文： About 43

47、years ago, I was an instructor in the military college at Woolwich, when young Scoresby was given his first examination. I felt extremely sorry for him. Everybody answered the questions well, intelligently, while he did not know anything, so to speak. He was a nice, pleasant young man. It was painfu

48、l to see him stand there and give answers that were wonders of stupidity. I knew of course that when examined again he would fail and be thrown out. So, I said to myself, it would be a simple, harmless act to help him as much as I could. I took him aside and found he knew a little about Julius Cesar

49、's history. But he did not know anything else. So, I tested him and worked him like a slave. I made him work, over and over again, on a few questions about, which I knew he would be asked. He came through very well on the day of the examination. He got high praise too, while others who knew a th

50、ousand more than he were sharply criticized! I thought that what in the end would destroy him would be the mathematics examination. I decided to make his end as painless as possible. So, I pushed facts into his stupid head for hours. Finally, however, I was shocked out of my mind. He took the first

51、prize! And he got the highest praise.写作内容 1)以约30个词概括短文的要点. 2)然后以约120个词写一篇记叙文，描写你了解的某人一次靠不断努力取得成功的经历，并包括如下的要点： 叙述你了解的某人靠不断努力取得成功的一次真实或虚构的经历。 别人对此事如何评价。写作要求 1作文中可使用自己的亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；标题自定。 2作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。 答案 Perseverance Creates Miracles His instructor's help and his dilig

52、ence made Scoresby, a stupid military man, did better than others in the history examination and even won the first prize in the maths examination. This story reminds me of a similar experience of my seatmate. He was really a basketball fan. So you can imagine how angry and disappointed his parents

53、were every time the result of an exam came out! He had been the last in the list of the whole grade! Everybody around my seatmate believed him hopeless. However, when he became a student of Senior Three, for some reason, he began to study very hard, or rather, all day and all night. Despite the fact

54、 that he was quite often laughed at and looked down upon, he kept on studying. To everybody's surprise, he was finally admitted into a famous university in Guangdong Province. In fact, nothing is impossible and perseverance creates miracles。一、知识点1. If their habitat is threatened or they cant fin

55、d enough food, their numbers may decrease. The number of children in the school has decreased this year. There was a decrease in the number of children in school. decrease in number 数目减少2. As a result these endangered animals may even die out.The polluted air in the city is badly endangering the health of the residents.an endangered species; an endangered culture.3. There has been some progress in saving endangered wildlife in China. 4.loss of bamboo growing areas His unfortunate death was a great loss to the firm.Their company suffered loss on loss in business last year. 他们公司去年在生意上接二连三地亏