初高中衔接语法定语从句讲义

1、上 课 讲 义班级名称： 高一衔接班 上课时间： 任课教师： 课题 第五讲：初高中语法衔接-定语从句知 识 重 难 点掌握定语从句的基本句型和相关连词要点解析英语语法专项-复合句之定语从句 在复合句中修饰名词和代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whose, whom, which, that 。引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where, why。关系代词在定语从句中做主语，宾语，定语。关系副词在定语从句中做状语。提示： 关系词在定语从句中有三大作用1. 连接作用连接先行词和定语从句。 I gave her all the mo

2、ney that I had. 我把我所有的钱都给了她。（that 连接先特词 money和定语从句I had） 2. 替代作用在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。 The man who lives nest door is a famous teacher. 住在隔壁的那个人是个名师。（who 替代the man） 3. 成分作用在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。 I like picrures which are painted in the traditional Chinese style. 我喜欢传统的中国画。（which在定语从句中作主语）一、who引导的定语从句,who在从

3、句中做主语(口语中也可做宾语)，修饰表示人的先行词。This is the man who helped me.The boy who/whom we saw yesterday is Johns brother.二、whom引导的定语从句,whom在从句中作宾语,修饰表示人的先行词，口语中可以省略。The doctor (whom) you are looking for is in the room.The person (whom) you just talked to is Mr. Li.=The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li. (介

4、词后 whom不能省略)The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(固定短语中的介词一般不能拆开，仍放在动词之后。look for / look after /take care of / put on / take off)三、whose引导的定语从句,whose在从句中作定语，修饰表示人或物的先行词。Do you know the woman whose name is Mary. Pass me the dictionary whose cover is black.He has a friend whos

5、e father is a doctor.四、that引导的定语从句，that在从句中做主语或宾语、修饰表示人或物的先行词。作宾语时可省略,不能放在介词后面作宾语. (that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which)The letter (that/which) I received was from my father.I cant find the letter that/which came this morning.Do you still remember the days (that/which)we spent together ?This is the ma

6、n that/who helped me.The house (that/which) we live in is not large. =The house in which we live is not large.The doctor (that/whom /who)you are looking for is in the room.五，which引导的定语从句，which在从句中做主语，也可做宾语，或介词的宾语，修饰表示物的先行词。This is the book (which/that ) you want.The building which/that stands near t

7、he river is our school.The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.(介词后面的which不能省略)The house (which/that) we live in is not large. This is the watch (which/that ) he was looking for.六、that 和which 都可以修饰表示物的先行词, 但是下列情况只能用that.1）先行词为不定代词all, few, little, much, everything, nothing, anything等.All

8、(that) you have to do is to practise every day. There isnt much (that) I can do.Tell us everything that you know, please. Is there anything that you dont understand?2）先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时.The first lesson (that) I learned will never be forgotten.This is the best film (that ) I have ever seen.3）先行词被al

9、l, any, every, few, little, no, some, much 等不定代词修饰时.I have read all the books (that) you gave me.4）先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same 等修饰时.This is the very book that I want to read. This is the same book that I want to read. This is the last time ( that ) I shall give you a lesson.This is th

10、e only thing that I can remember. 七、由when 引导的定语从句，修饰表示时间的先行词，when为关系副词，做定语从句的时间状语。I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing. ( 介词which可以代替 when)Ill never forget the time when we worked on the farm.I remember the days which/that we

11、 spent together.八、由where 引导的定语从句，修饰表示地点的先行词，where为关系副词，做定语从句的地点状语。This is the place where we lived for five years.The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.The factory in which his father works is in the west of the city.( 介词which可以代替where)This is a place which/that I wanted to v

12、isit. Shanghai is the city where I was born.九、Why引导的定语从句，why做原因状语。I know the reason why he came late. ( forwhich可以代替why)The reason why / for which he was late was that he was ill.判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I s

13、tayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。 I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 判断改错： （错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对） This is the mountain village （which） I visited last year

14、. （对） I'll never forget the days （which） I spent in the countryside.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句是一种非常常见但也比较复杂的定语从句结构。 1. 介词+关系代词中介词的位置 关系代词whom, which在从句中作介词宾语时，可以跟介词一起放在从句与主句之间（that, who不可以），也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面，使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词。 He is a man of rich experience, from whom much can be learned. = He

15、 is a man of rich experience, whom much can be learned from. 他是个经验丰富的人，从他那儿可以学到很多。 The school in which he once worked is a key school. =The school (which that) he once worked in is a key school. 他曾经工作过的学校是一所重点学校。 The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working condit

16、ions. =The manager whose company I'm working in pays much attention to improving our working conditions. 我就职的那家公司经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。2介词+关系代词的常见结构 介词+which whom This is the famous singer about whom we have often talked. 这就是那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家。 Fortunately we had a map, without which we would have got los

17、t. 很幸运，我们带了一张地图，如没有的话，我们就会迷路了。 名词+of+ which /whom Please pass me the book the cover of which is blue. 请把那本蓝封面的书递给我。（也可用whose cover） 数词+of+ which /whom She's got three lucky pens, two of which she never uses. 她有三只幸运笔，其中两只从未用过。 代词+of+ which /whom In the basket I find many apples, some of which hav

18、e gone bad. 我发现篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。 There are fifty students in our class, most of whom are from big cities. 我们班有50个学生，其中大多数来自大城市。 最高级+of+ which /whom China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan. 中国有数千个岛屿，其中最大的是台湾。 3关系代词前介词的选择 在介词+关系代词引导的定语从句中，应注意介词的正确选择。 根据后面动词和介词的搭配关系选择。 The two thi

19、ngs of which they felt proud were Jim's watch and Della's hair. 他们引以为豪的两样东西是吉姆的手表和德拉的头发。（feel proud of是固定搭配词组） In the dark street there was not a single person to whom she could turn for help. 在漆黑的街道上没有一个她可以求助的人。（turn to sb. for help是固定搭配词组） 根据与前面名词的搭配关系选择。 I'll never forget the day on w

20、hich I first met him. 我永远忘不了我第一次遇见他的那一天。(the day前面一般用介词on) Can you imagine a proper situation in which the expression can be used? 你能设想一个使用这个词语的场合吗？(a situation前面一般用in) 根据所要表达的意思来确定。 This is my pair of glasses, without which I cannot see clearly. 这是我的眼镜，离了它我什么也看不清。十、关系代词在从句中作主语，谓语动词的数与先行词保持一致。The st

21、udent who is good at English studies hard.The students who are good at English study hard.十一、定语从句可分为两大类，即限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉的话，主句的意思就不完整，意义就表述不明。这种句型一般定语从句紧接先行词（不用逗号隔开）如：I was the only person in my office who was invited. 非限制性定语从句。它与主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词起补充、说明的作用，也就是说即便去掉定语从句，句

22、意也不受影响。主从句之间常用逗号分开，且非限制性定语从句不能用that来引导。This was the American Civil War, which lasted 4 years before the North won in the end.其他关系代词1As as可以在限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句中作主语或宾语。 在限制性定语从句中，as可跟在由such, so, the same修饰的先行词之后。 Such men as heard him were deeply moved. 听过他说话的人，都会深受感动。（as在定语从句中作heard的主语） I've never

23、heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过像他讲的这样的故事。（as在定语从句中作tell的宾语） He lifted so heavy a stone as no one else can lift. 他搬起别人都搬不起的大石头。（as在定语从句中lift的宾语）比较： 在the same as结构中，as也可用that代替。但严格地说，the same as强调相同，the same that注重同一。 She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore. 她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的衣裙。（as指的是与先行词

24、相似的同类事物） She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary's wedding. 她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。（that指的是与先行词同一事物） 在非限制性定语从句中，as可代表主句整个句子，引导的定语从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，一般用逗号与主句分开。 As everyone knows, Taiwan belongs to China. 众所周知，台湾属于中国的领土。 He is from the outh, as we can know from his accent. 他是南方人，这一点我们从他的口音可以知道。必背

25、： 一些由as引导的定语从句常位于句首，已形成了固定的说法。 as is known to all 这是众所周知的 as has been said before 如前所说 as is often the case 情况常常如此 as may be imagined 这可以想象得出 as has been pointed out 正如已经指出的那样 as often happens 这种情况常常发生 语法巩固-定语从句（课堂练习）一，单项选择1.The place _interested me most was the Children's Palace.A. Which B. whe

26、re C. what D. in which2.Do you know the man _?A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke3.This is the hotel _last month.A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed4.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A. which

27、B. that C. when D. on which5.That is the day _I'll never forget.A. which B. on which C. in which D. when6.The factory _we'll visit next week is not far from here.A. where B. to which C. which D. in which7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working.A. where B. th

28、at C. which D. there8.This is one of the best films _.A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked9.Can you lend me the book _the other day?A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked10.The pen

29、_he is writing is mine.A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy.A. whom B. who C. which D. that12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old.A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom13.It there anyone in your class

30、_family is in the country?A. who B. who's C. which D. whose14.I'm interested in _you have said.A. all that B. all what C. that D. which15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday.A. which B. who C. what D. as16.He isn't such a man _he used to be.A. who B. whom C. that D. as1

31、7.He is good at English, _we all know.A. that B. as C. whom D. what18.Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much.A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him19.I don't like _ as you read.A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels20.He talked a lo

32、t about things and persons _they remembered in the school.A. which B. that C. whom D. what21.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing.A. which B. that C. whom D. who22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women.A. them B. which C. whom D. who23.You're the only p

33、erson _I've ever met _could do it.A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who24.I lost a book, _I can't remember now.A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in which D.

34、 what二、Fill in the blanks：1 The weather was very sunny the following day, _ was what we had expected.2 The man about _ you told me the other day turned out to be a thief.3 I have finished reading all the books _ were borrowed from the school library.4 I have bought three ballpoint pens, none of _ wr

35、ites smoothly.5 Is this the second time _ you have been to Guangzhou?6 I cannot forget the time _ I stayed in the country with those farmers.7 _is reported in the newspaper, the war between the two countries has come to a stop.8 Lu Xun, _ real name is Zhou Shuren, wrote lots of novels and essays.9 C

36、an you think of another example _ this phrase can be used?10 This is the store _ my father runs.11 The train on _ he is traveling is late.12 I visited Hong Kong last month, _ live my uncles and aunts.13 Do you still remember the happy days _ we spent together in Beijing?14 Dont talk about such thing

37、s _ you are not sure about.15 I have bought the same skirt _ she is wearing.语法巩固-定语从句（课外练习）一，选择填空1.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV.A. that B. which C. as D. it2.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together.A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when3.The way _he looks at problems is wron